Glial Amino Acid Transporters (Advances in Neurobiology, 16)

Our current knowledge of the role of macroglia in the physiology of the nervous system has been shaped on by both the established role of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the propagation of the action potential and by the concept of the tripartite synapse. In both cases, integral membrane proteins such as receptors and transporters are crucial for the proper function of these cells. This book is an extensive review of the contribution of glial membrane transporters. Model transporters are analysed in terms of their structure, distribution and involvement in major functions and/or pathologies of the nervous system. It is important to note that a particular emphasis has been placed in the rather unexplored signalling properties of glial transporters. Likewise, strategies toward the design of novel compounds that target membrane transporters are discussed. Different points of view of the involvement and contribution of glial transporters are presented in this volume, and the contrast of these interpretations invites the readers to broaden their interest of membrane transporters beyond the chapters of this book. No intention was made to provide a certain order to the chapters of the book; in fact any of them can be read independently. We want to express our appreciation to the contributors for their enthusiasm in the preparation of their excellent chapters that will certainly provide a fresh perspective of the exponential accumulation of knowledge that has been published in the last few years and unequivocally changing the concept of glial physiology. It is our hope that this book provides a major input to the fascinating field of membrane transporters as fundamental proteins for the establishment of a better understanding of glia-neuron interactions. . Read more... Abstract: This ambitious compendium provides an extensive overview on the "supporting cells" of the vertebrate central nervous system, these being glial cells which far outnumber neurons but are much less understood. Read more... Front Matter ....Pages i-xii Manganese Control of Glutamate Transporters’ Gene Expression (Eunsook Lee, Pratap Karki, James Johnson Jr, Peter Hong, Michael Aschner)....Pages 1-12 Glycine Transporters in Glia Cells: Structural Studies (Beatriz López-Corcuera, Cristina Benito-Muñoz, Carmen Aragón)....Pages 13-32 Taurine Homeostasis and Volume Control (Herminia Pasantes-Morales)....Pages 33-53 Glycine Transporters and Its Coupling with NMDA Receptors (Francisco Zafra, Ignacio Ibáñez, David Bartolomé-Martín, Dolores Piniella, Marina Arribas-Blázquez, Cecilio Giménez)....Pages 55-83 Revised Ion/Substrate Coupling Stoichiometry of GABA Transporters (Sepehr Eskandari, Samantha L. Willford, Cynthia M. Anderson)....Pages 85-116 EAAT2 and the Molecular Signature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lauren Taylor Rosenblum, Davide Trotti)....Pages 117-136 Glial GABA Transporters as Modulators of Inhibitory Signalling in Epilepsy and Stroke (Maria E. K. Lie, Anas Al-Khawaja, Maria Damgaard, Anne S. Haugaard, Arne Schousboe, Andrew N. Clarkson et al.)....Pages 137-167 Glutamine/Glutamate Transporters in Glial Cells: Much More Than Participants of a Metabolic Shuttle (Angelina Rodríguez, Arturo Ortega)....Pages 169-183 Glial Glutamate Transporters as Signaling Molecules (Edna Suárez-Pozos, Donají Chi-Castañeda, Arturo Ortega)....Pages 185-198 Regulation of Glutamate Transporter Expression in Glial Cells (Donají Chi-Castañeda, Edna Suárez-Pozos, Arturo Ortega)....Pages 199-224 Glutamate Transport System as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Chronic Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacology (Georgi Gegelashvili, Ole Jannik Bjerrum)....Pages 225-253 Molecular Characteristics, Regulation, and Function of Monocarboxylate Transporters (Roberto Elizondo-Vega, María Angeles García-Robles)....Pages 255-267 Glial Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters and Glucose Incorporation (Germán Fernando Gutiérrez Aguilar, Ivan Alquisiras-Burgos, Mónica Espinoza-Rojo, Penélope Aguilera)....Pages 269-282 Astrocytic GABA Transporters: Pharmacological Properties and Targets for Antiepileptic Drugs (Arne Schousboe, Petrine Wellendorph, Bente Frølund, Rasmus P. Clausen, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen)....Pages 283-296 Glutamate Transporters in the Blood-Brain Barrier (Hans Christian Cederberg Helms, Carsten Uhd Nielsen, Helle Sønderby Waagepetersen, Birger Brodin)....Pages 297-314 Development of Non-GAT1-Selective Inhibitors: Challenges and Achievements (Maria Damgaard, Anne Stæhr Haugaard, Stefanie Kickinger, Anas Al-Khawaja, Maria E. K. Lie, Gerhard F. Ecker et al.)....Pages 315-332 Back Matter ....Pages 333-341 "Our current knowledge of the role of macroglia in the physiology of the nervous system has been shaped on by both the established role of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the propagation of the action potential and by the concept of the tripartite synapse. In both cases, integral membrane proteins such as receptors and transporters are crucial for the proper function of these cells. This book is an extensive review of the contribution of glial membrane transporters. Model transporters are analysed in terms of their structure, distribution and involvement in major functions and/or pathologies of the nervous system. It is important to note that a particular emphasis has been placed in the rather unexplored signalling properties of glial transporters. Likewise, strategies toward the design of novel compounds that target membrane transporters are discussed. Different points of view of the involvement and contribution of glial transporters are presented in this volume, and the contrast of these interpretations invites the readers to broaden their interest of membrane transporters beyond the chapters of this book. No intention was made to provide a certain order to the chapters of the book; in fact any of them can be read independently. We want to express our appreciation to the contributors for their enthusiasm in the preparation of their excellent chapters that will certainly provide a fresh perspective of the exponential accumulation of knowledge that has been published in the last few years and unequivocally changing the concept of glial physiology. It is our hope that this book provides a major input to the fascinating field of membrane transporters as fundamental proteins for the establishment of a better understanding of glia-neuron interactions. ."--Prové de l'editor This ambitious compendium provides an extensive overview on the "supporting cells" of the vertebrate central nervous system, these being glial cells which far outnumber neurons but are much less understood. Covering multiple aspects of this family of transporters-- from structural properties, to their involvement in signaling and gene expression regulation, this volume presents the most recent research on the roles of glial amino acid transporters as key molecules of brain metabolism and signaling.