Glacier-Influenced Sedimentation on High-Latitude Continental Margins (Geological Society Special Publication)

This book examines the processes and patterns of glacier-sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins and the geophysical and geological signatures of the resulting sediments and landforms. It contains a range of papers concerning modern and ancient glacially-influenced sedimentation in high-latitude areas from both hemispheres, many of which discuss the relationship between glacier dynamics and the sediments and landform preserved in the glacimarine environment. Also available: Deformation of Glacial Materials (Geological Society Special Publication, Number 176) - ISBN 186239072X Volcano-Ice Interaction on Earth and Mars (Geological Society Special Publication, No. 202) - ISBN 1862391211 The Geological Society of LondonFounded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences.The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work.The many areas in which we publish in include:-Petroleum geology-Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics-Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology-Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry-Remote sensing-History of geology-Regional geology guides Contents......Page 6 Glacier-influenced sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins: introduction and overview......Page 10 Large-scale morphology of Arctic continental slopes: the influence of sediment delivery on slope form......Page 20 Fig. 1. Conceptual model showing the change in the style of slope .........Page 21 Fig. 2. International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) digital bathymetric .........Page 22 Fig. 3. Definition of the continental slope in terms of bathymetric curvature, .........Page 23 Fig. 4. Results of spatial algorithms on masked slope bathymetry. (a) Slope angle .........Page 24 Fig. 5. (a) Arbitrary polygons used in the analysis. Numbers correspond to those .........Page 25 Fig. 6. Six shaded images of continental margins from the IBCAO. In .........Page 27 Fig. 7. Slope angle of the sea floor as a function of .........Page 28 Fig. 8. Histograms and statistics of polygon slope angle and roughness for .........Page 31 Fig. 9. Histograms of slope angle and roughness for polygons adjacent to .........Page 32 Fig. 10. Scatter plots of approximate shelf width v. mean polygon slope angle. .........Page 33 Fig. 11. Sediment discharge data for several glacial margins and trough-mouth fans .........Page 34 Fig. 12. The relationship between slope angle of trough-mouth fans and the .........Page 35 Table 1. Qualitative description of six representative Arctic continental slopes (see Figs 2, 6 & 7)......Page 29 On the architecture of high-latitude continental margins: the influence of ice-sheet and sea-ice processes in the Polar North Atlantic......Page 42 Fig. 1. Idealized high-latitude continental margin, with the locations of interglacial and .........Page 43 Fig. 2. Iceberg scours on East Greenland continental shelf. (a) 12 kHz swath .........Page 44 Fig. 3. (a) Location map of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea with the 500m and .........Page 45 Fig. 4. GLORIA 6.5 kHz side-scan sonar image mosaics of (a) the North sea .........Page 47 Fig. 5. GLORIA 6.5 kHz side-scan sonar mosaic of the Traenadjupet Slide (outlined .........Page 49 Fig. 6. Acoustic imagery of the blocky nature of the more distal .........Page 50 Fig. 7. GLORIA 6.5 kHz side-scan sonar mosaic of the Greenland Basin (Meinert .........Page 51 Fig. 8. EM120 12 kHz swath-bathymetric mosaic of part of the Greenland Basin. .........Page 52 Fig. 9. Acoustic imagery and sub-bottom profile from the channel systems of .........Page 53 Fig. 10. Sediment waves in the Greenland Basin. (a) 30 kHz TOBI side-scan sonar .........Page 54 Fig. 11. Other features on the continental margins of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea .........Page 55 Fig. 12. EM120 swath bathymetric image from a traverse across the mid-ocean .........Page 56 Fig. 13. Conceptual diagram of sedimentary architecture on ice-influenced continental margins in .........Page 57 Late Quaternary architecture of trough–mouth fans: debris flows and suspended sediments on the Norwegian margin......Page 64 Fig. 1. The North Sea and Bear Island fans (black outlines) are .........Page 65 Fig. 2. (a) The distribution of GDFs on the North Sea Fan mapped .........Page 67 Fig. 3. (a) GLORIA mosaic of GDFs on the Bear Island Fan. (b) Flows .........Page 68 Fig. 4. The relationship between fan morphology and GDF location is shown .........Page 69 Fig. 5. 3.5 kHz sections from Bear Island Fan, showing the transition from .........Page 70 Fig. 6. Outside of the area of the Bear Island Fan most .........Page 73 Fig. 7. Lithostratigraphy of JR51 GC07 (located in Fig. 6b) interpreted in the .........Page 75 Fig. 8. The relationship between numerically modelled ice-sheet velocity and GDF deposition .........Page 77 Submarine mass-wasting on glacially-influenced continental slopes: processes and dynamics......Page 82 Fig. 1. Runout distances of submarine mass movements plotted against mobilized sediment .........Page 83 Fig. 2. The various stages of sediment mass behaviour along the flow .........Page 86 Fig. 3. Simplified model for the effect of sea-floor undulations found, for .........Page 87 Fig. 4. (a) Simulation of non-hydroplaning debris flow using BING. Final geometry of .........Page 91 Fig. 5. Plot showing the run-out distances with and without hydroplaning as .........Page 92 Fig. 6. Mobility of submarine mass flows, expressed as H/L ratio plotted .........Page 93 Table 1. Characteristics of selected submarine slides including some data on subaerial slides......Page 84 Experimental constraints on shear mixing rates and processes: implications for the dilution of submarine debris flows......Page 98 Fig. 1. Gravity cores from the Bear Island and Scoresby Sund trough .........Page 99 Fig. 2. (A) Schematic summary of the three main mixing processes for submarine .........Page 101 Fig. 3. Experimental data showing controls on critical shear stress (τ[sub(s)]) for .........Page 103 Fig. 4. (A) Experimental set-up used to investigate shear mixing in annular flumes, .........Page 105 Fig. 5. Experimental data from subaqueous density flows (from Van Kessel & Kranenburg .........Page 107 Fig. 6. Experimental data from subaqueous density flows (from Van Kessel & Kranenburg .........Page 109 Fig. 7. Plot showing entrainment rate (in m min[sup(–1)]) for a debris .........Page 110 Late Oligocene and early Miocene glacimarine sedimentation in the SW Ross Sea, Antarctica: the record from offshore drilling......Page 114 Fig. 1. Tectonic setting of drill sites in the western Ross Sea .........Page 116 Fig. 2. Location of drill sites in the McMurdo Sound region.......Page 117 Fig. 3. Summary of core data, plotted against time, for drill sites .........Page 119 Fig. 4. Summary logs of the upper parts of drill-cores CIROS-1 and .........Page 122 Fig. 5. Representative lithofacies from CRP-1 and CRP-2/2A drill cores: (a) well-sorted sandstone, .........Page 123 Fig. 6. Lithological log through an inferred morainal bank succession in the .........Page 126 Fig. 7. Lithological log through an inferred grounding-line fan succession, underlain by .........Page 128 Fig. 8. Fades model for the development of typical glacimarine successions in .........Page 129 Fig. 9. Generalized three-dimensional perspective of palaeoenvironmental setting for sedimentation along the .........Page 132 Table 1. Drill holes of the Ross continental shelf and coastal Victoria .........Page 115 Table 2. Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene lithofacies and their interpretation in .........Page 124 Late Pleistocene glacially-influenced deep-marine sedimentation off NW Britain: implications for the rock record......Page 138 Fig. 1. (a) Location of borehole 99/3. (b) Location of the studied section of .........Page 140 Fig. 2. Schematic section across the West Shetland Margin.......Page 141 Fig. 3. Sea-bed image derived from 3-D seismic surveys of the lower .........Page 142 Fig. 4. Seismic (sparker) reflection profiles from the area of borehole 99/3 .........Page 143 Fig. 5. Enlarged section of seismic reflection profile A, showing the location .........Page 144 Fig. 6. Summary log of the Quaternary section of borehole 99/3.......Page 147 Fig. 6. Key to figure.......Page 148 Fig. 7. Hypothetical model for a glacially-influenced base of slope area, incorporating .........Page 152 Fig. 8. Detailed log of the Macduff sequence, simplified from Stoker et al. (1999).......Page 154 Table 1. Summary of interpreted seismic units and corresponding lithofacies.......Page 145 Table 2. Summary of lithological characteristics and interpretation.......Page 146 Late Quaternary sedimentation in Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord and the continental margin of East Greenland......Page 158 Fig. 1. (a) Location map of East Greenland. The inset box outlines the .........Page 160 Fig. 2. (a) Sedimentation and (b) accumulation rates for cores PS2631, PS2641, PS2630, PS2629 .........Page 164 Fig. 3. Stable oxygen isotope records and corresponding lithological log of cores .........Page 165 Fig. 4. Detailed map of the study area showing the distribution of .........Page 166 Fig. 5. Parasound records of acoustic facies within middle–outer Kejser Franz Joseph .........Page 167 Fig. 6. Sedimentological logs of cores PS2633, PS2632, PS2631 and PS2641, middle–outer .........Page 168 Fig. 7. Coarse-particle counts (particles >0.2 cm/10 cm[sup(3)]) from cores PS2633, PS2632, PS2631 and PS2641. .........Page 169 Fig. 8. Down-core grain size distribution, mean grain size, sorting and particles .........Page 170 Fig. 9. Core X-radiographs of representative lithofacies in this study. (a) Bioturbated mud .........Page 172 Fig. 10. Parasound records of acoustic facies from the inner continental shelf. .........Page 174 Fig. 11. Parasound record of the moraine and acoustic facies on the .........Page 175 Fig. 12. Sedimentological logs and coarse-particle counts (particles >0.2 cm/10 cm[sup(3)]) of (a) PS2630, (b) PS2629, .........Page 176 Fig. 13. Parasound records of acoustic facies from the continental slope. (a) Acoustically .........Page 178 Fig. 14. Summary time–distance diagram of the Late Weichselian and Holocene glacial .........Page 181 Table 1. Acoustic facies identified from Parasound records from Kejser Franz Joseph .........Page 161 Table 3. Lithofacies in cores from middle–outer Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord and .........Page 162 Table 4. Radiocarbon dates for cores PS2631, PS2641, PS2630, PS2629, PS2628 and .........Page 163 Contrasting glacial sedimentation processes and sea-level changes in two adjacent basins on the Pacific margin of Canada......Page 190 Fig. 1. The regional and tectonic setting of Georgia Basin, including the .........Page 191 Fig. 2. The Queen Charlotte Basin showing the extent and flow direction .........Page 192 Fig. 3. Distribution of sediment cores collected in the central and northern .........Page 193 Fig. 4. Huntec DTS sub-bottom profile and sediment core (TUL00A06) from central .........Page 194 Table 1. Radiocarbon dates obtained from cores recovered in central and northern .........Page 195 Fig. 6a. Huntec DTS sub-bottom profile and sediment cores (END88B35 and END88B36) .........Page 197 Fig. 6b.......Page 198 Fig. 7. Huntec DTS sub-bottom profile of the heavily iceberg-scoured surface of .........Page 199 Fig. 8b.......Page 200 Developing high-resolution chronologies in glacimarine sediments: examples from southeastern Alaska......Page 204 Fig. 1. Excess [sup(234)]Th, porosity and percent clay (for core 223 BC) .........Page 207 Fig. 2. Map of Icy Bay, Alaska. Locations of box cores are .........Page 210 Fig. 3. X-ray radiograph positives from box cores collected in Icy Bay. .........Page 211 Fig. 4. Transmissometer beam attenuation coefficients and water-column [sup(238)]U total activity profiles .........Page 212 Fig. 5. Application of the constant rate of supply (CRS) method to .........Page 213 Fig. 6. Grey-scale pixel intensity values from core 223 BC X-ray radiograph .........Page 214 Fig. 7. Time-series analysis techniques applied to 223 BC pixel intensity data .........Page 216 Fig. 8. The wavelet power spectra of 223BC X-ray radiograph pixel intensity, .........Page 218 A glacial sequence stratigraphic model for temperate, glaciated continental shelves......Page 224 Fig. 1. End-member processes that contribute to forming grounding-line systems in the .........Page 226 Fig. 2. An hypothetical glacial advance, retreat and readvance sequence that depicts .........Page 227 Fig. 3. A three-dimensional conceptual model of three sequences on a temperate .........Page 229 Fig. 4. Location map in the area of Bering Trough on the .........Page 230 Fig. 5. Interpreted seismic reflection profiles, in mainly dip orientation, from the .........Page 231 Fig. 6. Selected individual facies motifs from different locations on the 3-D .........Page 241 Fig. 6. Legend.......Page 246 Table 1. Lithofacies and depositional systems from Alaskan fjords......Page 225 Table 2. Lithofacies of the onshore exposures of Yakataga Formation (after Eyles & Lagoe 1990)......Page 233 Table 3. Summary of facies characteristics and their interpretations, Cape Roberts cores .........Page 235 Table 4. Seismic facies characteristics and their interpretations as lithofacies......Page 240 Table 5. Characteristics of temperate glaciated continental margins compared with polar and .........Page 249 Large-scale morphological evidence for past ice-stream flow on the mid-Norwegian continental margin......Page 254 Fig. 1. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferogram of the Vestfonna ice .........Page 255 Fig. 2. Location map of the mid-Norwegian continental shelf between 63° and .........Page 256 Fig. 3. Composite seismic profile showing the Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy across the .........Page 257 Fig. 4. Bathymetry of the mid-Norwegian shelf illustrated as a shaded relief .........Page 258 Fig. 5. Shaded relief image of the sea bottom of the inner .........Page 259 Fig. 6. Bathymetry of Sklinnadjupet and Trænadjupet cross-shelf troughs together with Trænabanken .........Page 260 Fig. 7. Large-scale streamlined sedimentary features on the floor of Trænadjupet (emphasized .........Page 261 Fig. 8. Swath bathymetric image of the Sula Reef area in the .........Page 262 Fig. 9. Inferred ice-stream flow lines and ridges during the Late Weichselian .........Page 263 Fig. 10. Numerical-model reconstructions of part of the Late Weichselian Eurasian Ice .........Page 264 Geomorphology of buried glacigenic horizons in the Barents Sea from three-dimensional seismic data......Page 268 Fig. 1. (a) Location and bathymetry of the southwestern Barents Sea. The areas .........Page 269 Fig. 2. Effect of 2-D and 3-D migration on Fresnel zone size .........Page 271 Fig. 3. (a) Seismic profile showing a cross-section of an asymmetrical curved furrow .........Page 272 Fig. 4. (a) Seismic profile showing irregularities on horizon bC in SG9804. The .........Page 273 Fig. 5. Seismo-stratigraphic units and horizons from the 3-D seismic surveys correlated .........Page 274 Fig. 6. (a) Stratigraphy from the 3-D survey SG9804. (b) Horizon bC from SG9804 .........Page 275 Table 2. Size and predominant orientation of subglacial lineations from the four .........Page 276 Fig. 8. Rose diagram showing the 13 dominant orientations of subglacial lineations .........Page 277 Fig. 9. (a) Seismic profile showing buried type I depressions in the northwestern .........Page 279 Fig. 10. (a) Extent of ice sheet during advance 5 (LGM II; Vorren & Laberg 1996). .........Page 282 Table 1. Relationship between the present seismo-stratigraphic units defined from 3-D data .........Page 270 Retreat signature of a polar ice stream: sub-glacial geomorphic features and sediments from the Ross Sea, Antarctica......Page 286 Fig. 1. The geological and geophysical data, bathymetry and geography of the .........Page 287 Fig. 2. Lithologies of the cores used in this investigation grouped by .........Page 289 Fig. 3. Side-scan and chirp-sonar data displaying the lineations in Zone 1. .........Page 291 Fig. 4. (a) Side-scan sonar data displaying the wedge geometry and surface features .........Page 292 Fig. 5. Swath bathymetry data across zone of ridges in Zone 3; .........Page 296 Fig. 6. (a) Side-scan and chirp-sonar data across the straight-crested ridges in Zone 4. .........Page 297 Fig. 7. (a) Swath bathymetry data across the grounding-zone wedge in Zone 5 .........Page 299 Fig. 8. (a) Swath bathymetry data recording mega-scale glacial lineations in Zone 6. .........Page 301 Fig. 9. Summary of the distribution of features in the study region .........Page 309 Table 1. Total sediment volume and sediment per unit area for each zone shown in Figure 9......Page 308 Grain-size characteristics and provenance of ice-proximal glacial marine sediments......Page 314 Fig. 1. (Upper) Location of HU75-056 in the Labrador Sea. (Lower) Bathymetry .........Page 315 Fig. 2. Outline of the distribution of clasts over 2 mm from X-radiographs .........Page 317 Fig. 3. Histograms of the diameters of clasts larger than 2 mm in .........Page 318 Fig. 4. Counts of visible clasts on X-radiographs of split cores (Fig. 1A & B for location). .........Page 319 Fig. 5. (A) Down-core plot of different sand fractions from K14, East Greenland .........Page 320 Fig. 6. (A) Down core plot of the sediment composition over 105 μm .........Page 321 Fig. 7. (A) Principal component scores with and without the below 1 μm fraction .........Page 322 Fig. 8. (A) Sedigraph data for surface samples less than 2 mm from East .........Page 323 Fig. 9. (A) Plot of grain size data from present-day ice-proximal settings in .........Page 325 Fig. 10. (A) Plot of principal component scores from grain-size data (centred and .........Page 327 Fig. 11. (A) Cumulative percentage X-ray diffraction data on the fraction below 4 μm .........Page 329 Table 1. Principal component analysis: Ross & EG grain size......Page 324 Sediment reworking on high-latitude continental margins and its implications for palaeoceanographic studies: insights from the Norwegian–Greenland Sea......Page 334 Fig. 1. Map of Norwegian–Greenland Sea showing main sediment slides, trough-mouth fans, .........Page 335 Fig. 2. (A) GLORIA 6.5 kHz side-scan sonar mosaic showing a large submarine channel .........Page 337 Fig. 3. Sediment cores from the Greenland Basin and abyssal plain of .........Page 339 Fig. 4. Geological and geophysical evidence of contrasting styles of sediment reworking .........Page 342 Fig. 6. Sediment cores from the Icelandic and Norwegian continental margins of .........Page 343 Fig. 7. Debris flows on the Bear Island Fan. (A) GLORIA 6.5 kHz side-san .........Page 345 Fig. 8. Sediment cores from the Bear Island Fan, Norwegian margin. Core .........Page 346 Fig. 9. (A) Linear sedimentation rates (cm ka[sup(–1)]) based on radiocarbon-dated sediment core .........Page 347 Fig. 10. Geophysical and geological evidence of iceberg reworking on the East .........Page 348 Fig. 11. Examples of cores recovered from areas of acoustically stratified sediment, .........Page 350 Table 1. Site information on sediment cores from the Norwegian–Greenland Sea. Locations .........Page 336 Millennial and sub-millennial-scale variability in sediment colour from the Barra Fan, NW Scotland: implications for British ice sheet dynamics......Page 358 Fig. 1. Location map of core MD95-2006 (57°01.82 N, 10°03.48 W, water depth 2120 m), .........Page 359 Fig. 2. Lithological summary of core MD95-2006. General log modified after Kroon et al. .........Page 361 Fig. 3. Age:depth models of core MD95-2006. Dated levels shown are calibrated .........Page 363 Fig. 4. Stratigraphic summary of sediment reflectance (400–700 nm) and lightness (L*) of core .........Page 365 Fig. 5. Summary plots of sediment reflectance and lightness against calcium carbonate .........Page 366 Fig. 6. Summary figures illustrating power spectra of various sedimentological proxies from .........Page 367 Fig. 7. Summary plot showing clay (volume %) against calcium carbonate (weight %) from .........Page 368 Fig. 8. Stratigraphic summary of core MD95-2006 and Greenland Ice Sheet Project .........Page 369 Table 1. Radiocarbon ages of Barra Fan cores VE 56/-10/36, VE 57/-11/59, and MD95-2006......Page 362 Table 2. Age estimates of Heinrich events 1 to 5. The GISP 2 data are derived from Grootes & Stuiver (1997)......Page 370 Observations of surge periodicity in East Greenland using molybdenum records from marine sediment cores......Page 376 Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Noret Inlet and Mesters Vig .........Page 377 Fig. 2. Molybdenum (Mo) record from a sediment core extracted from the .........Page 379 Fig. 4. Oblique photograph taken in 1998 showing the snout of Östre .........Page 380 G......Page 384 M......Page 385 S......Page 386 Y......Page 387 Heat Transfer And Melting In Subglacial Basaltic Volcanic Eruptions : Implications For Volcanic Deposit Morphology And Meltwater Volumes / L. Wilson & J.w. Head -- Mars : A Review And Synthesis Of General Environments And Geological Settings Of Magma-h2o Interactions / J.w. Head & L. Wilson -- The 1969 Subglacial Eruption On Deception Island (antarctica) : Events And Processes During An Eruption Beneath A Thin Glacier And Implications For Volcanic Hazards / J.l. Smellie -- A Brief Overview Of Eruptions From Ice-covered And Ice-capped Volcanic Systems In Iceland During The Past 11 Centuries : Frequency, Periodicity And Implications / G.a. Larsen -- Basaltic Pahoehoe Lava-fed Deltas : Large-scale Characteristics, Clast Generation, Emplacement Processes And Environmental Discrimination / I.p. Skilling -- Architecture And Evolution Of Hydrovolcanic Deltas In Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica / W.e. Le Masurier -- Facies Analysis Of Proximal Subglacial And Proglacial Volcaniclastic Successions At The Eyjafjallajökull Central Volcano, Southern Iceland / S.c. Loughlin -- Glacial Influences On Morphology And Eruptive Products Of Hoodoo Mountain Volcano, Canada / B.r. Edwards & J.k. Russell -- Effusive Intermediate Glaciovolcanism In The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, Southwestern British Columbia, Canada / M.c. Kelman, J.k. Russell & C.j. Hickson -- Physical Volcanology Of A Subglacial-to-emergent Rhyolitic Tuya At Rauðufossafjöll, Torfajökull, Iceland / H. Tuffen [and Others] -- Lithofacies Analysis And 40ar/39ar Geochronology Of Ice-volcano Interactions At Mt. Murphy And The Crary Mountains, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica / T.i. Wilch & W.c. Mcintosh. Volatiles In Basaltic Glasses From A Subglacial Volcano In Northern British Columbia (canada) : Implications For Ice Sheet Thickness And Mantle Volatiles / J.e. Dixon [and Others] -- Layered, Massive, And Thin Sediments On Mars : Possible Late Noachian To Early Amazonian Tephra? / M.g. Chapman -- Rootless Cones On Mars : A Consequence Of Lava-ground Ice Interaction / S.a. Fagents, P. Lanagan & R. Greeley -- The Hyaloclastite Ridge Formed In The Subglacial 1996 Eruption In Gjálp, Vatnajökull, Iceland : Present Day Shape And Future Preservation / M.t. Gudmundsson [and Others] --subglacial Volcanic Features Beneath The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Interpreted From Aeromagnetic And Radar Ice Sounding / J.c. Behrendt [and Others] -- Spectroscopic And Geochemical Analyses Of Ferrihydrite From Springs In Iceland And Applications To Mars / J.l. Bishop & E. Murad -- Geochemical And Mineralogical Analyses Of Palagonitic Tuffs And Altered Rinds Of Pillow Basalts In Iceland And Applications To Mars / J.l. Bishop, P. Schiffman & R. Southard -- Distinguishing Palagonitized From Pedogenically-altered Basaltic Hawaiian Tephra : Mineralogical And Geochemical Criteria / P. Schiffman [and Others] -- Identifying Bio-interaction With Basaltic Glass In Oceanic Crust And Implications For Estimating The Depth Of The Oceanic Biosphere : A Review / H. Furnes [and Others]. Edited By J.l. Smellie, M.g. Chapman. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

The flow of glacier ice can produce structures that are striking and beautiful. Associated sediments, too, can develop spectacular deformation structures, and examples are remarkably well preserved in Quaternary deposits. Although such features have long been recognized, they are now the subject of new attention from glaciologists and glacial geologists. This collection of papers addresses how the methods for unravelling deformation structures evolved in recent years by structural geologists can be used for glacial materials, and the opportunities offered to structural geologists by glacial materials for studying deformation in rocks. There are authoritative reviews by leading scientists with a global coverage. Readership: Quaternary Geologists, glaciologists, glacial geomorphologists, structural geologists, sedimentologists, engineering geologists, final year undergraduates and Masters levels.