GIS Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas

Hospital service areas (HSAs) and hospital referral regions (HRRs) are considered more appropriate units than geopolitical units for analyzing the performance of health care markets and policy implementation. GIS Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas represents the state-of-the-art approach in delineating HSAs and HRRs by using GIS-automated processes. It provides the best practices for defining such areas scientifically, in a geographically accurate manner, and without a steep learning curve. This book is intended to mainly serve professionals in geography, urban and regional planning, public health, and related fields. It is also useful for scholars in the above fields who have research interests related to GIS and spatial analysis applications in health care. It can be used as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in courses related to GIS and public health. Features: Introduces innovative state-of-the-art methods for delineation of HSAs (Dartmouth method, Huff model, network community detection methods) Provides best practices and one-stop solution for related data processing tasks (e.g., distance and travel time estimation, identifying the best-fitting distance decay function) Automates the methods in ArcGIS Pro toolkits Includes free ready-to-download GIS tools and sample data available on authors’ website Presents a methodology that is applicable to delineation of other service areas, catchment areas or functional regions for business analysis, planning, and public policy studies Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Foreword Preface Authors List of Major GIS Datasets and Program Files 1. Why Hospital Service Areas? 1.1 Hospital Service Area ( HSA) as a Functional Region 1.2 Value of HSAs 1.3 Study Area and Data 1.4 Overview of Remaining Chapters 2. Estimating Distance and Travel Time Matrices in GIS 2.1 Measures of Distance and Travel Time 2.2 Computing Distance and Drive Time Matrices in ArcGIS Pro 2.2.1 Computing Euclidean and Geodesic Distance Matrices in ArcGIS Pro 2.2.2 Computing a Drive Time Matrix in ArcGIS Pro 2.3 Estimating a Transit Travel Time Matrix in ArcGIS Pro 2.4 Estimating Drive Time and Transit Time Matrices by Google Maps API 2.5 Estimating a Large Drive Time Matrix by a Differential Sampling Approach 2.5.1 Estimating Preliminary Inter-zonal Times 2.5.2 Calibrating Inter-zonal Times on Randomly Sampled OD Pairs by Google Maps API 2.5.3 Appending Intra-zonal Times 2.6 Summary 3. Analysis of Spatial Behavior of Health Care Utilization in Distance Decay 3.1 Distance Decay Functions 3.2 Value of Analyzing Distance Decay Effects in Health Care Studies 3.3 Deriving the Distance Decay Functions by the Spatial Interaction Model 3.3.1 Estimating the Spatial Interaction Model 3.3.2 Distance Decay Effects across Geographic Areas in Florida 3.4 Deriving the Distance Decay Functions by a Complementary Cumulative Distribution Curve 3.4.1 Estimating the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function 3.4.2 Distance Decay Effects Across Population Groups in Florida 3.5 Summary 4. Delineating Hospital Service Areas by the Dartmouth Method 4.1 History and Applications of Dartmouth HSAs and HRRs 4.2 The Dartmouth Method for Defining HSAs and HRRs 4.2.1 Defining HSAs by the Refined Dartmouth Method 4.2.2 Defining HRRs by the Refined Dartmouth Method 4.3 Automating the Refined Dartmouth Method for HSA & HRR Delineations 4.4 Delineating HSAs and HRRs in Florida by the Refined Dartmouth Method 4.4.1 Delineating HSAs and HRRs in Florida by the Automated Toolkit 4.4.2 Calculating Indices for 1993 Dartmouth HSAs and HRRs in Florida by the Toolkit 4.4.3 Evaluating HSAs and HRRs by the Refined Dartmouth Method 4.5 Summary 5. Delineating Hospital Service Areas by the Huff Model 5.1 The Proximal Area Method and Its Implementation in GIS 5.1.1 Defining Proximal Areas in Euclidean Distance in GIS 5.1.2 Defining Proximal Areas in Travel Time in GIS 5.2 The Huff Model and Extensions 5.2.1 From Reilly’s Law to the Huff Model 5.2.2 Extensions to the Huff Model 5.3 Implementing the Huff Model for Delineating HSAs in ArcGIS Pro 5.4 Automated Delineation of HSAs by Integrating the Huff Model and Dartmouth Method 5.5 Summary 6. Delineating Hospital Service Areas by Network Community Detection Methods 6.1 Community Detection Methods: From Louvain to Leiden 6.2 Spatially Constrained Louvain and Leiden Methods 6.3 Automated Delineation of HSAs and HRRs and a Case Study in Florida 6.3.1 Automating the ScLouvain and ScLeiden Methods in ArcGIS Pro 6.3.2 Delineating HSAs and HRRs in Florida by the ScLouvain and ScLeiden Methods 6.3.3 Computational Performances of the ScLouvain and ScLeiden Methods 6.4 Comparing HSAs and HRRs by ScLouvain, ScLeiden, and Refined Dartmouth Methods 6.5 Summary 7. Delineating Cancer Service Areas in the Northeast Region of the USA 7.1 Study Area and Cancer Care Data 7.2 Interpolating Suppressed Service Volumes 7.3 Delineating CSAs by ScLouvain and ScLeiden in the Northeast Region 7.4 Variation of Distance Decay Behavior across CSAs in the Northeast Region 7.5 Summary Appendix A: User Guide: Estimating a Large OD Drive Time Matrix Appendix B: User Guide: How to Create Curved-Line and Straight-Line Network Flow Maps References Index Hospital service areas (HSAs) and hospital referral regions (HRRs) are considered more appropriate units than geopolitical units for analyzing the performance of health care markets and policy implementation. **__GIS Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas__** represents the state-of-the-art approach in delineating HSAs and HRRs by using GIS-automated processes. It provides the best practices for defining such areas scientifically, in a geographically accurate manner, and without a steep learning curve. Features: "This book intends to mainly serve professionals in geography, urban and regional planning, public health, and related fields. It is also useful for scholars in the above fields who have research interests related to GIS and spatial analysis applications in health care. It can be used as a supplemental text for graduate students in a course related to GIS and Health"-- Provided by publisher. Hospital Service Areas are the foundation for healthcare evaluation. This book represents the state-of-the-art approach in delineating HSA using GIS automated processes. It provides the best practices and solutions for defining HSA in scientific and geographically accurate manners and in real-time.