Geostatistics Banff 2004 (Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics) (Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics)

The conference proceedings consist of approximately 120 technical papers presented at the Seventh International Geostatistics Congress held in Banff, Alberta, Canada in 2004. All the papers were reviewed by an international panel of leading geostatisticians. The five major sections are: theory, mining, petroleum, environmental and other applications. The first section showcases new and innovative ideas in the theoretical development of geostatistics as a whole; these ideas will have large impact on (1) the directions of future geostatistical research, and (2) the conventional approaches to heterogeneity modelling in a wide range of natural resource industries. The next four sections are focused on applications and innovations relating to the use of geostatistics in specific industries. Historically, mining, petroleum and environmental industries have embraced the use of geostatistics for uncertainty characterization, so these three industries are identified as major application areas. The last section is open for innovative geostatistical application to address the issues and impact of uncertainty in other industries. __Audience__ Researchers and practitioners both in industry and academia, working in the fields of geology, petroleum, mining, and environmental science and engineering. Front Matter....Pages i-xxviii Accounting for Geological Boundaries in Geostatical Modeling of Multiple Rock Types....Pages 3-12 Data Integration using the Probability Perturbation Method....Pages 13-22 Spectral Component Geologic Modeling: A New Technology for Integrating Seismic Information at the Correct Scale....Pages 23-33 Joint Simulations, Optimal Drillhole Spacing and the Role of the Stockpile....Pages 35-44 Theory of the Cloud Transform for Applications....Pages 45-54 Probability Field Simulation: A Retrospective....Pages 55-64 Sequential Spatial Simulation using Latin Hypercube Sampling....Pages 65-74 Field Scale Stochastic Modeling of Fracture Networks....Pages 75-84 Direct Geostatistical Simulation on Unstructured Grids....Pages 85-94 Directional Metropolis : Hastings Updates for Posteriors with Nonlinear Likelihoods....Pages 95-104 Detection of Local Anomalies in High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery using Geostatistical Filtering and Local Spatial Statistics....Pages 105-114 Covariance Models with Spectral Additive Components....Pages 115-124 A Statistical Technique for Modelling Non-stationary Spatial Processes....Pages 125-134 Conditioning Event-based Fluvial Models....Pages 135-144 3D Geological Modelling and Uncertainty: The Potential-field Method....Pages 145-154 Accounting for Non-stationarity and Interactions in Object Simulation for Reservoir Heterogeneity Characterization....Pages 155-164 Estimating the Trace Length Distribution of Fractures from Line Sampling Data....Pages 165-174 On Some Controversial Issues of Geostatistical Simulation....Pages 175-184 On the Automatic Inference and Modelling of a Set of Indicator Covariances and Cross-Covariances....Pages 185-193 On Simplifications of Cokriging....Pages 195-203 Efficient Simulation Techniques for Uncertainty Quantification on Continuous Variables....Pages 205-214 Higher Order Models using Entropy, Markov Random Fields and Sequential Simulation....Pages 215-224 Beyond Covariance: The Advent of Multiple-Point Geostatistics....Pages 225-233 Non-Stationary Multiple-point Geostatistical Models....Pages 235-244 A Workflow for Multiple-point Geostatistical Simulation....Pages 245-254 A Multiple-scale, Pattern-based Approach to Sequential Simulation....Pages 255-264 Sequential Conditional Simulation Using Classification of Local Training Patterns....Pages 265-273 A Parallel Scheme for Multi-scale Data Integration....Pages 275-284 Stochastic Modeling of Natural Fractured Media: A Review....Pages 285-294 Geostatistical Simulation of Fracture Networks....Pages 295-304 The Promises and Pitfalls of Direct Simulation....Pages 305-314 Sample Optimization and Confidence Assessment of Marine Diamond Deposits using Cox Simulations....Pages 315-324 Inverse Conditional Simulation of Relative Permeabilities....Pages 325-331 Quantifiable Mineral Resource Classification: A Logical Approach....Pages 333-342 Geostatistics in Resource/Reserve Estimation: A Survey of the Canadian Mining Industry Practice....Pages 345-350 Integration of Conventional and Downhole Geophysical Data in Metalliferous Mines....Pages 351-361 The Kriging Oxymoron: A Conditionally Unbiased and Accurate Predictor (2nd Edition)....Pages 363-374 Post Processing of SK Estimators and Simulations for Assessment of Recoverable Resources and Reserves for South African Gold Mines....Pages 375-386 The Practice of Sequential Gaussian Simulation....Pages 387-398 Spatial Characterization of Limestone and Marl Quality in a Quarry for Cement Manufacturing....Pages 399-408 A Non-linear GPR Tomographic Inversion Algorithm Based on Iterated Cokriging and Conditional Simulations....Pages 409-418 Application of Conditional Simulation to Quantify Uncertainty and to Classify a Diamond Deflation Deposit....Pages 419-428 Geostatistical Simulation Techniques Applied to Kimberlite Orebodies and Risk Assessment of Sampling Strategies....Pages 429-438 Modelling 3D Grade Distributions on the Tarkwa Paleoplacer Gold Deposit, Ghana, Africa....Pages 439-448 Conditional Simulation of Grade in a Multi-element Massive Sulphide Deposit....Pages 449-455 The Ultimate Test – Using Production Reality. A Gold Case Study....Pages 457-468 Ore-Thickness and Nickel Grade Resource Confidence at the Koniambo Nickel Laterite (A Conditional Simulation Voyage of Discovery)....Pages 469-478 Mineral Resource Classification Through Conditional Simulation....Pages 479-489 Geostatistical Investigation of Elemental Enrichment in Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits....Pages 491-500 Valuing a Mine as a Portfolio of European Call Options: The Effect of Geological Uncertainty and Implications for Strategic Planning....Pages 501-510 Classification of Mining Reserves using Direct Sequential Simulation....Pages 511-522 Using Unfolding to Obtain Improved Estimates in the Murrin Murrin Nickel-Cobalt Laterite Deposit in Western Australia....Pages 523-528 Measures of Uncertainty for Resource Classification....Pages 529-536 Incorporating Uncertainty in Coal Seam Depth Determination via Seismic Reflection and Geostatistics....Pages 537-542 Implementation Aspects of Sequential Simulation....Pages 543-548 Early Uncertainty Assessment: Application to a Hydrocarbon Reservoir Appraisal....Pages 551-557 Reservoir Facies Modelling: New Advances in MPS....Pages 559-568 Fitting the Boolean Parameters in a Non-stationary Case....Pages 569-578 Fine Scale Rock Properties: Towards the Spatial Modeling of Regionalized Probability Distribution Fuctions....Pages 579-589 A Combined Geostatistical and Source Model to Predict Superpermeability from Flowmeter Data: Application to the Ghawar Field....Pages 591-600 Combining Methods for Subsurface Prediction....Pages 601-610 Process-based Reservoir Modelling in the Example of Meandering Channel....Pages 611-619 Multiple Point Geostatistics: Optimal Template Selection and Implementation in Multi-Threaded Computational Environments....Pages 621-630 Direct Assessment of Uncertainty using Stochastic Flow Simulation....Pages 631-641 Preservation of Multiple Point Structure when Conditioning by Kriging....Pages 643-652 Stochastic Modeling of the Rhine-Meuse Delta using Mutiple-point Geostatistics....Pages 653-659 Stochastic Simulation of Undiscovered Petroleum Accumulations....Pages 661-670 Prediction of Spatial Patterns of Saturation Time-lapse from Time-lapse Seismic....Pages 671-680 Statistical Scale-up: Concepts and Application to Reservoir Flow Simulation....Pages 681-690 Coupling Sequential-Self calibration and Genetic Algorithms to Integrate Production Data in Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling....Pages 691-701 High Resolution Geostatistics on Coarse Unstructured Flow Grids....Pages 703-712 Assessment of Uncertainty in Reservoir Production Forecasts Using Upscaled Flow Models....Pages 713-722 Sensitivity of Oil Production to Petrophysical Heterogeneities....Pages 723-730 Scaling Relations and Sampling Volume for Seismic Data....Pages 731-736 Hidden Markov Chains for Identifying Geological Features from Seismic Data....Pages 737-742 Evaluation of Stochastic Earth Model Workflows, Vertical Up-Scaling and Areal Up-scaling Using Data from the Eunice Monument South Unit (New Mexico) and the LL-652 Central Fault Block (Venezuela) Reservoirs....Pages 743-749 Application of Design of Experiments to Expedite Probabilistic Assessment of Reservoir Hydrocarbon Volumes (OOIP)....Pages 751-756 Stochastic Reservoir Model for the First Eocene Reservoir, Wafra Field, Partitioned Neutral Zone (PNZ)....Pages 757-762 Multiple-point Statistics to Generate Pore Space Images....Pages 763-768 Local Updating of Reservoir Properties for Production Data Integration....Pages 769-774 Comparison of Model Based Geostatistical Methods in Ecology: Application to Fin Whale Spatial Distribution in Northwestern Mediterranean Sea....Pages 777-786 Simulation-based Assessment of a Geostatistical Approach for Estimation and Mapping of the Risk of Cancer....Pages 787-796 Air Quality Assessment using Stochastic Simulation and Neural Networks....Pages 797-807 Mapping Land Cover Changes with Landsat Imagery and Spatio-temporal Geostatistics....Pages 809-818 Spherical Wavelets and their Application to Meteorological Data....Pages 819-831 Multivariate Geostatistical Mapping of Atmospheric Deposition in France....Pages 833-841 Geostatistical and Fourier Analysis Applied to Cross-hole Tomography Seismic Data....Pages 843-852 The Importance of De-clustering and Uncertainty in Climate Data: A Case Study of West African Sahel Rainfall....Pages 853-863 S-GeMS: The Stanford Geostatistical Modeling Software: A Tool for New Algorithms Development....Pages 865-871 Evaluating Techniques for Multivariate Classification of Non-collocated Spatial Data....Pages 873-882 Travel Time Simulation of Radionuclides in a 200 m Deep Heterogeneous Clay Formation Locally Disturbed by Excavation....Pages 883-892 Geostatistics and Sequential Data Assimilation....Pages 893-898 Spatial Properties of Seasonal Rainfall in Southeast England....Pages 899-905 Geostatistic Indicators of Waterway Quality for Nutrients....Pages 907-912 Application of Geostatistical Simulation to Enhance Satellite Image Products....Pages 913-919 Geostatistical Noise Filtering of Geophysical Images: Application to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Sites....Pages 921-926 Modeling Skewness in Spatial Data Analyis without Data Transformation....Pages 929-937 Gradual Deformation of Boolean Simulations....Pages 939-948 When can Shape and Scale Parameters of a 3D Variogram be Estimated?....Pages 949-958 Comparison of Stochastic Simulation Algorithms in Mapping Spaces of Uncertainty of Non-linear Transfer Functions....Pages 959-968 Integrating Multiple-point Statistics into Sequential Simulation Algorithms....Pages 969-978 Post-processing of Multiple-point Geostatistical Models to Improve Reproduction of Training Patterns....Pages 979-988 Improving the Efficiency of the Sequential Simulation Algorithm using Latin Hypercube Sampling....Pages 989-998 Exact Conditioning to Linear Constraints in Kriging and Simulation....Pages 999-1005 A Dimension-reduction Approach for Spectral Tempering Using Empirical Orthogonal Functions....Pages 1007-1015 A New Model for Incorporating Spatial Association and Singularity in Interpolation of Exploratory Data....Pages 1017-1025 Lognormal Kriging: Bias Adjustment and Kriging Variances....Pages 1027-1036 Evaluating Information Redundancy Through the Tau Model....Pages 1037-1046 An Information Content Measure Using Multiple-point Statistics....Pages 1047-1056 Internal Consistency and Inference of Change-of-support Isofactorial Models....Pages 1057-1066 History Matching Under Geological Control: Application to a North Sea Reservoir....Pages 1067-1076 A Direct Sequential Simulation Approach to Streamline-Based History Matching....Pages 1077-1086 Mapping Annual Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Urban Areas....Pages 1087-1096 A Step by Step Guide to Bi-Gaussian Disjunctive Kriging....Pages 1097-1102 Assessing the Power of Zones of Abrupt Change Detection Test....Pages 1103-1108 Experimental Study of Multiple-support, Multiple-point Dependence and its Modeling....Pages 1109-1115 Validation of First-order Stochastic Theories on Reactive Solute Transport in Highly Stratified Aquifers....Pages 1117-1122 Geostatistical and Fourier Analysis Approaches in Mapping an Archeological Site....Pages 1123-1129 BATGAM© Geostatistical Software Based on GSLIB....Pages 1131-1136 Back Matter....Pages 1137-1140 The return of the congress to North America after 20 years of absence could not have been in a more ideal location. The beauty of Banff and the many offerings of the Rocky Mountains was the perfect background for a week of interesting and innovative discussions on the past, present and future of geostatistics. The congress was well attended with approximately 200 delegates from 19 countries across six continents. There was a broad spectrum of students and seasoned geostatisticians who shared their knowledge in many areas of study including mining, petroleum, and environmental applications. You will find 119 papers in this two volume set. All papers were presented at the congress and have been peer-reviewed. They are grouped by the different sessions that were held in Banff and are in the order of presentation. These papers provide a permanent record of different theoretical perspectives from the last four years. Not all of these ideas will stand the test of time and practice; however, their originality will endure. The practical applications in these proceedings provide nuggets of wisdom to those struggling to apply geostatistics in the best possible way. Students and practitioners will be digging through these papers for many years to come. Oy Leuangthong Clayton V. Deutsch ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank the industry sponsors who contributed generously to the overall success and quality of the congress: De Beers Canada Earth Decision Sciences Maptek Chile Ltda. Mira Geoscience Nexen Inc. Petro-Canada Placer Dome Inc.