Geomaterials In Cultural Heritage (geological Society Special Publication) (no. 257)

This volume gives a broad view of the application of geoscience techniques to the study of monuments and objects from excavations and museums, including their origin, technique of manufacture, age and conservation, and reaffirms the important contribution of geosciences in the interdisciplinary approach to the study of complex materials such as minerals, rocks, glass, metals, mortar, plaster, slags and pottery. The papers in this book cover three topics: the study of pottery, glass, stone and mortar; the application of Raman spectroscopy to a wide variety of objects; and the future of archaeometry. These interdisciplinary studies include field geology, geophysics, microscopy, textural analysis, physical methods and geochemistry. These studies unlock information from the ancient materials, such as the provenance of raw materials, the firing technology, the ancient recipes and the alteration pathways.Also available: Forensic Geoscience: Principles, Techniques And Applications - ISBN 1862391610 Natural Stone, Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies and Case Studies - ISBN 1862391238 Geoarchaeology: Exploration, Environments, Resources - ISBN 1862390533 Natural Stone, Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies And Case Studies : Introduction / S. Siegesmund, T. Weiss & A. Vollbrecht -- Freeze-thaw Cycles And Their Influence On Marble Deterioration : A Long-term Experiment / J. Ondrasina, D. Kirchner & S. Siegesmund -- Evolution Of The Petrophysical Properties Of Two Types Of Alsatian Sandstone Subjected To Simulated Freeze-thaw Conditions / C. Thomachot & D. Jeannette -- Deterioration Of The Globigerina Limestone Of The Maltese Islands / J. Cassar -- Salt Weathering : A Selective Review / E. Doehne -- Thermal Expansion And Its Control On The Durability Of Marbles / A. Zeisig, S. Siegesmund & T. Weiss -- Experimental Study On The Variation In Porosity Of Marble As A Function Of Temperature / K. Malaga-starzec, J.e. Lindqvist & B. Schouenborg -- Thermal Stresses And Microcracking In Calcite And Dolomite Marbles Via Finite Element Modeling / T. Weiss, S. Siegesmund & E.r. Fuller --^ Depositional Environment And Diagenesis As Controlling Factors For Petro-physical Properties And Weathering Resistance Of Siliciclastic Dimension Stones : Integrative Case Study On The 'wesersandstein' (northern Germany, Middle Buntsandstein) / J. Weber & J. Lepper -- Anisotropic Technical Properties Of Building Stones And Their Development Due To Fabric Changes / D. Strohmeyer & S. Siegesmund -- The Anisotropy Of Itacolumite Flexibility / S. Siegesmund, A. Vollbrecht & C. Hulka -- Ultrasonic Wave Velocities As A Diagnostic Tool For The Quality Assessment Of Marble / T. Weiss, P.n.j. Rasolofosaon & S. Siegesmund -- Physico-mechanical And Microstructural Characteristics Of Historic And Restoration Mortars Based On Gypsum : Current Knowledge And Perspective / B. Middendorf -- Impact Of Endolithic Biofilms On Carbonate Rock Surfaces / W. Pohl & J. Schneider -- Biodeterioration Of Calcareous And Granite Building Stones In Urban Environments / N. Schiavon --^ Biofilms And Their Extracellular Environment On Geomaterial : Methods For Investigation Down To Nanometer Scale / M. Hoppert, R. Berker, C. Flies, M. Kämper, W. Pohl, J. Schneider & S. Ströbel -- Limestone Weathering On Historical Monuments In Cairo, Egypt / B. Fitzner, K. Heinrichs & D. La Bouchardiere -- Characterizing The Construction Materials Of A Historic Building And Evaluating Possible Preservation Treatments For Restoration Purposes / M. Alvarez De Buergo & R. Fort González -- Thermal Behaviour Of Weathered And Consolidated Marbles / J. Ruedrich, T. Weiss & S. Siegesmund -- The Influence Of Petrographic, Architectural And Environmental Factors In Decay Patterns And Durability Of Granite Stones In Braga Monuments (nw Portugal) / J.m.s. Matias & C.a.s. Alves -- Investigations Into Provenance And Properties Of Ancient Building Sandstones Of The Zittau/görlitz Region (upper Lusatia, Eastern Saxony, Germany) / S. Michalski, J. Götze, H. Siedel, M. Magnus & R.b. Heimann --^ Bowing Of Marble Panels : On-site Damage Analysis From The Oeconomicum Building At Göttingen (germany) / A. Koch & S. Siegesmund -- Bending Strength Properties Of Untreated And Impregnated Igneous, Sedimentary And Metamorphic Dimension Stones Of Different Thickness / T. Sahlin, J. Stigh & B. Schouenborg -- Atmospheric Pollution And Building Materials : Stone And Glass / R.a. Lefèvre & P. Ausset -- Modelling The Rapid Retreat Of Building Sandstones : A Case Study From A Polluted Maritime Environment / B.j. Smith, A.v. Turkington, P.a. Warke, P.a.m. Basheer, J.j. Mcalister, J. Meneely & J.m. Curran -- Oolitic Limestone In A Polluted Atmospheric Environment In Budapest : Weathering Phenomena And Alterations In Physical Properties / Á. Török -- Principal Decay Patterns On Venetian Monuments / V. Fassina, M. Favaro & A. Naccari -- Acid Deposition And The Deterioration Of Stone : A Brief Review Of A Broad Topic / A.e. Charola & R. Ware --^ Implications Of Future Climate Change For Stone Deterioration / H.a. Viles -- Evaluation Of The Origin Of Sulphate Compounds In Building Stone By Sulphur Isotope Ratio / W. Klemm & H. Siedel -- A Rapid Method For The Determination Of Cation Exchange Capacities Of Sandstones : Preliminary Data / M. Schafer & M. Stieger. Edited By S. Siegesmund, T. Weiss And A. Vollbrecht. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Geology and archaeology have a long history of fruitful collaboration stretching back to the early 19th century. Geoarchaeology - the application of the geosciences to solve research problems in archaeology - has now emerged as a recognized sub-discipline of archaeology, especially in the United States. Traditionally, the methods used include geomorphology, sedimentology, pedology and stratigraphy, reflecting the fact that most archaeological evidence is recovered from the sedimentary environment. As reflected in the sub-title, this volume embraces a broader definition, including geophysics and geochemistry. Geophysical techniques, both terrestrial and remote, are now used routinely to locate and horizontally map buried features of archaeological interest. New developments include the use of georadar and other methods of giving vertical information. Geochemistry has long been used to give information about the exploitation, trade and exchange of mineral resources and finished products such as metals and pottery. Refinements, such as the use of isotopic measurements to define not only exploitation but also production techniques, are increasingly being applied. Perhaps most significantly of all, geoarchaeology can contribute to an understanding of the dynamic relationship between human society and the environment in that most significant (if brief) period of geological time - that in which human activity has dramatically modified the natural world. The papers presented here exemplify the many and varied ways in which geology and archaeology can combine to the mutual benefit of both. Principle Authors: A. M. Pollard, University of Bradford, UK. R. W. Vernon, University of Bradford, UK.R. E. Murdie, Keele University, UK. R. J. Cuss, British Geological Survey, UK. A. G. Latham, Liverpool University, UK. R. Tipping, University of Stirling, UK. V. R. Thorndycraft, University of Exeter, UK. T. P. Young, Cardiff, UK. C. E. Lazareth, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. A. R. Millard, University of Durham, UK. P. Budd, University of Bradford, UK. G. R. Thomas, University of Wales, UK. V. V. Zaykov, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. Forensic geoscience is an increasingly important sub-discipline within geoscience and forensic science. Although minerals, soils, dusts and rock fragments have been used as forensic trace evidence for many years, their true potential has only begun to be recognized in the last ten years or so. The police and other investigative bodies are keen to encourage such developments in the fight against crime, particularly since many criminals show a high level of forensic awareness with regard to evidence such as fingerprints, blood and other body fluids. The papers in this volume illustrate some of the main principles, techniques and applications in current forensic geoscience, covering research and casework in the UK and internationally. The techniques described range from macro-scale field geophysical investigations to micro-scale laboratory studies of the chemical and textural properties of individual particles. In addition to forensic applications, many of these techniques have broad utility in geological, geomorphological, soil science and archaeological research. Also Communicating Environmental Geoscience - Special Publication no 305 - ISBN 1862392609 Geomaterials in cultural heritage - Special Publication No 257 - ISBN 978-1-86239-195-6 The Geological Society of London Founded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences. The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work. The many areas in which we publish in -Petroleum geology -Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics -Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology -Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry -Remote sensing -History of geology -Regional geology guides

forensic Geoscience Is An Increasingly Important Sub-discipline Within Geoscience And Forensic Science. Although Minerals, Soils, Dusts And Rock Fragments Have Been Used As Forensic Trace Evidence For Many Years, Their True Potential Has Only Begun To Be Recognized In The Last Ten Years Or So. The Police And Other Investigative Bodies Are Keen To Encourage Such Developments In The Fight Against Crime, Particularly Since Many Criminals Show A High Level Of Forensic Awareness With Regard To Evidence Such As Fingerprints, Blood And Other Body Fluids. The Papers In This Volume Illustrate Some Of The Main Principles, Techniques And Applications In Current Forensic Geoscience, Covering Research And Casework In The Uk And Internationally. The Techniques Described Range From Macro-scale Field Geophysical Investigations To Micro-scale Laboratory Studies Of The Chemical And Textural Properties Of Individual Particles. In Addition To Forensic Applications, Many Of These Techniques Have Broad Utility In Geological, Geomorphological, Soil Science And Archaeological Research.

Cover......Page 1 Cover (big)......Page 2 Frontmatter......Page 3 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 9 1......Page 10 9......Page 18 33......Page 42 49......Page 58 63......Page 72 81......Page 90 91......Page 99 101......Page 108 119......Page 125 127......Page 132 141......Page 146 151......Page 156 163......Page 168 175......Page 179 187......Page 191 201......Page 204 217......Page 220 229 ......Page 231 241......Page 242 257......Page 257 273......Page 273 283......Page 283 307......Page 306 323......Page 321 337......Page 334 Index......Page 343 Backcover......Page 348 This volume gives a broad view of the application of geoscience techniques to the study of monuments and objects from excavations and museums, including their origin, technique of manufacture, age and conservation. It reaffirms the important contribution of geosciences in the interdisciplinary approach to the study of complex materials such as minerals, rocks, glass, metals, mortar, plaster, slags and pottery Papers from a conference held at the Geological Society of London in March, 2003.