Geobiotechnology II: Energy Resources, Subsurface Technologies, Organic Pollutants and Mining Legal Principles (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology Book 142)

This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English. Preface 6 Contents 8 256 Starting Up Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery 9 Abstract 9 1...Introduction 11 2...Microbial Life in Oilfields 13 2.1 Environmental Conditions in Oil Reservoirs 14 2.2 Oil Reservoir Microorganisms 16 2.3 Microbiological Sampling Techniques for Oil Reservoirs 17 2.4 Characterization of Microbial Populations in Oilfields 18 2.4.1 Enrichment and Isolation of Microorganisms from Oilfields or Coal Deposits 18 2.4.2 Identification of Key Microorganisms Using Molecular Biology Techniques 25 3...Selecting an Appropriate MEOR Approach 30 3.1 Conversion of Oil or Coal into Natural Gas (Methane) 30 3.2 Oil Swelling by Microbial Production of Gases 32 3.3 Detaching Residual Hydrocarbons from the Mineral Matrix (Capillary Number NCA) 33 3.3.1 Determination of the Interfacial Tension gamma 34 3.3.2 Impact of Oil Droplet Elasticity: Gel Formation 37 3.3.3 Biosurfactants and Other Surface Active Compounds in MEOR 38 3.3.4 Salinity, pH, and Temperature and Porous Medium Effects on Biosurfactant Performance 41 3.4 Effects of Oil and Water Viscosity 42 3.4.1 Increasing Water Viscosity 42 3.4.2 Examples of Oil Viscosity Decrease 43 3.5 Porespace Alteration by Plugging or Rock Dissolution 44 4...The Economy of MEOR 45 5...Conclusions 46 Acknowledgments 47 Appendix 47 References 78 257 Relevance of Deep-Subsurface Microbiology for Underground Gas Storage and Geothermal Energy Production 103 Abstract 103 1...Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 106 1.1 Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage 106 1.2 Geochemical Effects and Risks of CO2 in Storage Sites 108 1.3 Microbial Populations in Potential CO2 Storage Sites 110 1.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 115 2...Underground Gas Storage (Methane, Hydrogen) for Energy Generation 116 2.1 Introduction to Underground Gas Storage 116 2.2 Microbiology of Gas Storage Sites 117 2.3 Implications and Future Perspectives 120 3...Geothermal Energy Production 120 3.1 Geothermal Energy 120 3.2 Geothermal Energy and its Effects on Subsurface Microbiology 121 3.2.1 Shallow Geothermal Energy 121 3.2.2 Deep Geothermal Energy 123 3.3 Further Research 124 References 124 266 Bioremediation via in situ Microbial Degradation of Organic Pollutants 130 Abstract 130 1...Introduction: Distribution of Organic Pollutants 131 2...Biodegradation and in situ Bioremediation: Principles and Practice 135 2.1 Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants: Principles 135 2.2 Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants: A Short Overview 137 3...Bioremediation 140 3.1 Monitored Natural Attenuation 141 3.2 Enhanced Natural Attenuation 145 4...Conclusions and Outlook 147 References 147 178 The Microbial Desulfurization of Coal 154 Abstract 154 1...Chemical and Physical Occurrence of Sulfur in Coal 155 1.1 The Removal of Pyritic Sulfur 157 1.2 The Removal of Organic Sulfur 160 2...Semi-Commercial Coal Biodepyritization Operation 163 2.1 The Comminution Bay 165 2.2 The Bioreactor Bay, Depyritized Coal Stockpile, and Reject Water Disposal 167 3...Concluding Remarks and Outlook 169 References 170 197 Description of Basic Mining Legal Principles 175 Abstract 175 1...The Federal Mining Act 177 2...The Setting Up of and Duties of Appropriate Authorities and Organizations’ Legal Framework 182 3...Mining Authorities in Germany 182 4...Water Rights 185 5...Immissions Control Act 185 6...Waste 185 7...Abandoned Mines 186 8...Participation Procedure of Other Authorities and Enquiries from Third Parties 186 9...Vocational Training 186 10...Mining Concessions 186 11...Cooperation Between Mining-Appropriate Authorities and Other Authorities 187 12...Operating Plans and Operations Plan Procedure 189 13...Basic Operating Plan 190 14...Environmental Risk Assessment of Mining Procedures 191 15...Mining Supervision 193 16...Rights and Duties of Supervisory Technical Officials 195 16.1 Mining Authorities 195 17...Mining Employer’s Liability Insurance Association 196 18...Rights and Duties of Mining Companies 196 18.1 Responsibilities 196 19...Mining Charts 197 20...Rights 198 21...Duties of Those People Responsible for Safety in Mining Operations 198 22...Evaluation 200 23...Conclusion 201 Index 202 Starting Up Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Michael Siegert, Jana Sitte, Alexander Galushko and Martin Krüger Relevance of Deep-Subsurface Microbiology for Underground Gas Storage and Geothermal Energy Production Claudia Gniese, Petra Bombach, Jana Rakoczy, Nils Hoth, Michael Schlömann, Hans-Hermann Richnow and Martin Krüger Bioremediation via in situ Microbial Degradation of Organic Pollutants Carsten Vogt and Hans Hermann Richnow The Microbial Desulfurization of Coal Giovanni Rossi Description of Basic Mining Legal Principles Reinhard Schmidt Front Matter....Pages i-vii Starting Up Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery....Pages 1-94 Relevance of Deep-Subsurface Microbiology for Underground Gas Storage and Geothermal Energy Production....Pages 95-121 Bioremediation via in situ Microbial Degradation of Organic Pollutants....Pages 123-146 The Microbial Desulfurization of Coal....Pages 147-167 Description of Basic Mining Legal Principles....Pages 169-195 Back Matter....Pages 197-200