Geoarchaeology: Exploration, Environments, Resources (Geological Society Special Publication, No. 165) (Geological Society Special Publication, No. 165)

Geology and archaeology have a long history of fruitful collaboration stretching back to the early 19th century. Geoarchaeology - the application of the geosciences to solve research problems in archaeology - has now emerged as a recognized sub-discipline of archaeology, especially in the United States. Traditionally, the methods used include geomorphology, sedimentology, pedology and stratigraphy, reflecting the fact that most archaeological evidence is recovered from the sedimentary environment. As reflected in the sub-title, this volume embraces a broader definition, including geophysics and geochemistry.Geophysical techniques, both terrestrial and remote, are now used routinely to locate and horizontally map buried features of archaeological interest. New developments include the use of georadar and other methods of giving vertical information. Geochemistry has long been used to give information about the exploitation, trade and exchange of mineral resources and finished products such as metals and pottery. Refinements, such as the use of isotopic measurements to define not only exploitation but also production techniques, are increasingly being applied. Perhaps most significantly of all, geoarchaeology can contribute to an understanding of the dynamic relationship between human society and the environment in that most significant (if brief) period of geological time - that in which human activity has dramatically modified the natural world. The papers presented here exemplify the many and varied ways in which geology and archaeology can combine to the mutual benefit of both. Principle Authors: A. M. Pollard, University of Bradford, UK. R. W. Vernon, University of Bradford, UK. R. E. Murdie, Keele University, UK. R. J. Cuss, British Geological Survey, UK. A. G. Latham, Liverpool University, UK. R. Tipping, University of Stirling, UK. V. R. Thorndycraft, University of Exeter, UK. T. P. Young, Cardiff, UK. C. E. Lazareth, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. A. R. Millard, University of Durham, UK. P. Budd, University of Bradford, UK. G. R. Thomas, University of Wales, UK. V. V. Zaykov, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. Also available: Myth and Geology - Special Publication no 273 - ISBN 1862392161 Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology (Geological Society Special Publication, Number 175) - ISBN 1862390703 The Geological Society of LondonFounded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences.The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work.The many areas in which we publish in include:-Petroleum geology-Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics-Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology-Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry-Remote sensing-History of geology-Regional geology guides Past, Present And Future Interactions, Management Challenges And Research Needs In Coastal And Estuarine Environments / K. Pye And J. R. L. Allen -- Sedimentation Associated With Estuarine Frontal Systems / J. Mcmanus -- Processes Controlling Import Of Fine-grained Sediment To Tidal Areas: A Simulation Model / J. Bartholdy -- Relationship Between Current Measurements And Sonographs Of Subtidal Bedforms In The Macrotidal Tay Estuary, Scotland / R. W. Duck And S. F. K. Wewetzer -- Controls On Suspended Sediment Deposition Over Single Tidal Cycles In A Macrotidal Saltmarsh, Bay Of Fundy, Canada / D. Van Proosdij, J. Ollerhead And R. G. D. Davidson-arnott -- Patterns Of Flow And Suspended Sediment Concentration In A Macrotidal Saltmarsh Creek, Bay Of Fundy, Canada / L. E. Schostak, R. G. D. Davidson-arnott And J. Ollerhead / [et Al.] -- A Diagnostic Tool To Study Long-term Changes In Estuary Morphology / I. Townend And R. Dun --^ Marine Sand Supply And Holocene Coastal Sedimentation In Northern France Between The Somme Estuary And Belgium / E. J. Anthony -- Storm Surges And Erosion Of Coastal Dunes Between 1957 And 1988 Near Dunkerque (france), Southwestern North Sea / B. Vasseur And A. Hequette -- Erosion And Recycling Of Aeolian Dunes In A Rapidly Infilling Macrotidal Estuary: The Authie, Picardy, Northern France / E. J. Anthony And C. Dobroniak -- Lake Gravel Beach Sedimentological Variability, Milarrochy Bay, Loch Lomond, Scotland / L. R. Pierce -- Applications Of Ground-penetrating Radar (gpr) To Sedimentological, Geomorphological And Geoarchaeological Studies In Coastal Environments / A. Neal And C. L. Roberts -- Textural And Geochemical Evidence For The Provenance Of Aeolian Sand Deposits On The Aquitaine Coast, Sw France / S. E. Saye And K. Pye -- Post-reclamation Changes In Estuarine Mudflat Sediments At Bothkennar, Grangemouth, Scotland / B. F. Barras And M. Paul --^ The Use Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mri) To Assess Impact Of Oil-related Waste On Estuarine Sediments And Sediment Dynamics / A. D. Reeves And J. A. Chudek -- Sedimentological Controls On The Erosion And Morphology Of Saltmarshes: Implications For Flood Defence And Habitat Recreation / S. Crooks And K. Pye -- Vertical Accretion Versus Elevational Adjustment In Uk Saltmarshes: An Evaluation Of Alternative Methodologies / D. R. Cahoon, J. R. French And T. Spencer / [et Al.] -- Holocene Coastal Lowlands In Nw Europe: Autocompaction And The Uncertain Ground / J. R. L. Allen -- Stratigraphic Architecture, Relative Sea-level, And Models Of Estuary Development In Southern England: New Data From Southampton Water / A. J. Long, R. G. Scaife And R. J. Edwards -- Recent Geological Evolution And Human Impact: Fraser Delta, Canada / J. V. Barrie --^ How Anthropogenic Factors In The Back-barrier Area Influence Tidal Inlet Stability: Examples From The Gulf Coast Of Florida, Usa / R. A. Davis, Jr. And P. L. Barnard -- Shoreline Change And Fine-grained Sediment Input: Isle Of Sheppey Coast, Thames Estuary, Uk / R. J. Nicholls, A. Dredge And T. Wilson -- Holocene Development Of The East Bank Of The Gironde Estuary: Geoarchaeological Investigation Of The Saint Ciers-sur-gironde Marsh / S. J. Mellalieu, L. Masse And D. Coquillas / [et Al.] -- Holocene Coastal Change In The North Isle Of Man: Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironment And Archaeological Evidence / S. Gonzalez, J. Innes And D. Huddart / [et Al.] -- Coastal Development And Human Activities In Nw Germany / B. E. M. Petzelberger -- Intertidal Peats And The Archaeology Of Coastal Change In The Severn Estuary, Bristol Channel And Pembrokeshire / M. Bell -- Doggerland: The Cultural Dynamics Of A Shifting Coastline / B. J. Coles --^ Development-led Archaeology In Coastal Environments: Investigations At Queen-borough, Motney Hill And Gravesend In Kent Uk / A. Firth -- The Humber Estuary: Managing The Archaological Resource In A Dynamic Environment / R. Van De Noort And S. Ellis. Edited By K. Pye And J.r.l. Allen. This Book Arises From A Two Day International Conference Held At The Geological Society Of London In November 1998--pref. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. In a world of increasingly rapid technological and economic development, sea-level rise, and possible global climate change, central tasks facing the coastal and estuarine manager are to predict and manage change, undertaken against a background of constantly moving goalposts. There is an urgent need for a much better framework of background environmental data and more effective and reliable management tools, founded on sound scientific understanding, which can provide necessary guidance and the basis for policy formulation. Although these needs have been recognized, and some progress has been made in the past few years, of which this volume is an example, an adequate suite of such tools and frameworks for environmental monitoring is still some way off. The broad selection of papers included in this volume reflects the wide range of research currently being undertaken in coastal and estuarine environments, but underlines the fact that there are still significant gaps in understanding and major needs for further research which crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries. This volume brings together the results of recent research of sedimentologists, geomorphologists, archaeologists, engineers and others, expounding their methods and concerns, and identifying further areas where future joint work might be fruitful. Readership Sedimentologists, Geomorphologists, Archaeologists, Engineering Geologists, Researchers and academics with an interest in coastal and estuarine environments and climate change. Also Coastal and Shelf Sediment Transport - Special Publication no 274 (Special Publication) - ISBN 186239217X Alluvial Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Dynamics (Geological Society Special Publication) - ISBN 1862391890 The Geological Society of London Founded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences. The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work. The many areas in which we publish in -Petroleum geology -Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics -Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology -Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry -Remote sensing -History of geology -Regional geology guides Geology and archaeology have a long history of fruitful collaboration stretching back to the early 19th century. Geoarchaeology - the application of the geosciences to solve research problems in archaeology - has now emerged as a recognized sub-discipline of archaeology, especially in the United States. Traditionally, the methods used include geomorphology, sedimentology, pedology and stratigraphy, reflecting the fact that most archaeological evidence is recovered from the sedimentary environment. As reflected in the sub-title, this volume embraces a broader definition, including geophysics and geochemistry. Geophysical techniques, both terrestrial and remote, are now used routinely to locate and horizontally map buried features of archaeological interest. New developments include the use of georadar and other methods of giving vertical information. Geochemistry has long been used to give information about the exploitation, trade and exchange of mineral resources and finished products such as metals and pottery. Refinements, such as the use of isotopic measurements to define not only exploitation but also production techniques, are increasingly being applied. Perhaps most significantly of all, geoarchaeology can contribute to an understanding of the dynamic relationship between human society and the environment in that most significant (if brief) period of geological time - that in which human activity has dramatically modified the natural world. The papers presented here exemplify the many and varied ways in which geology and archaeology can combine to the mutual benefit of both. Principle Authors: A. M. Pollard, University of Bradford, UK. R. W. Vernon, University of Bradford, UK.R. E. Murdie, Keele University, UK. R. J. Cuss, British Geological Survey, UK. A. G. Latham, Liverpool University, UK. R. Tipping, University of Stirling, UK. V. R. Thorndycraft, University of Exeter, UK. T. P. Young, Cardiff, UK. C. E. Lazareth, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. A. R. Millard, University of Durham, UK. P. Budd, University of Bradford, UK. G. R. Thomas, University of Wales, UK. V. V. Zaykov, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. This book is the first peer-reviewed collection of papers focusing on the potential of myth storylines to yield data and lessons that are of value to the geological sciences. Building on the nascent discipline of geomythology, scientists and scholars from a variety of disciplines have contributed to this volume. The geological hazards (such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and cosmic impacts) that have given rise to myths are considered, as are the sacred and cultural values associated with rocks, fossils, geological formations and landscapes. There are also discussions about the historical and literary perspectives of geomythology. Regional coverage includes Europe and the Mediterranean, Afghanistan, Cameroon, India, Australia, Japan, Pacific islands, South America and North America. Myth and Geology challenges the widespread notion that myths are fictitious or otherwise lacking in value for the physical sciences. The Geological Society of London Founded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences. The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work. The many areas in which we publish in -Petroleum geology -Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics -Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology -Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry -Remote sensing -History of geology -Regional geology guides Cover......Page 1 Cover (big)......Page 2 Frontmatter......Page 3 Contents......Page 7 Geoarchaeology: an introduction......Page 8 Medieval iron and lead smelting works: a geophysical comparison......Page 16 Euler deconvolution methods used to determine the depth to archaeological features......Page 36 The application of microgravity in industrial archaeology: an example from the Williamson tunnels, Edge Hill, Liverpool......Page 42 The Makapansgat Australopithecine site from a speleological perspective......Page 61 Testing the potential of soil-stratigraphic palynology in podsols......Page 78 Tracing the record of early alluvial tin mining on Dartmoor, UK......Page 90 Provenancing iron ore from the Bristol Channel Orefield: the cargo of the Medieval Magor Pill Boat......Page 102 Geochemistry of ballast granites from Brouage and La Rochelle, France: evidence for medieval to post-medieval trade with Falmouth, Cornwall, and Donegal, Ireland......Page 121 Geochemistry and the early alum industry......Page 136 Zinc isotope fractionation in liquid brass (Cu-Zn) alloy: potential environmental and archaeological applications......Page 144 The determination of bloomery furnace mass balance and efficiency......Page 151 Geoarchaeological research into the historical relics of the South Urals: problems, results, prospects......Page 161 Index......Page 173 Backcover......Page 177 Myth and Geology is the first peer-reviewed collection of papers focusing on the potential of myth storylines to yield data and lessons that are of value to the geological sciences. Building on the nascent discipline of geomythology, scientists and scholars from a variety of disciplines have contributed to this volume. The geological hazards (such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and cosmic impacts) that have given rise to myths are considered, as are the sacred and cultural values associated with rocks, fossils, geological formations and landscapes. There are also discussions about the historical and literary perspectives of geomythology. Regional coverage includes Europe and the Mediterranean, Afghanistan, Cameroon, India, Australia, Japan, Pacific islands, South America and North America. Myth and Geology challenges the widespread notion that myths are fictitious or otherwise lacking in value for the physical sciences