Genes, development, and cancer : the life and work of Edward B. Lewis

This second edition collects Nobel Prize winner Edward B. Lewis’s key publications in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, radiation and cancer. Editor Howard Lipshitz, a close colleague during the last 20 years of Lewis's life, places the papers in their scientific and historical context and provides insight into Lewis's approach to science and the motivations that drove his choice of subject matter. Contents......Page 8 Permissions......Page 12 Preface......Page 15 Preface to Second Edition......Page 17 INTRODUCTION......Page 20 Biographical Memoir......Page 29 SECTION I: GENES......Page 43 Background......Page 44 Invention of the cis–trans test for position effects......Page 45 Position pseudoalleles......Page 47 The bithorax pseudoalleles and the concept of developmental control......Page 49 Gene evolution by tandem duplication......Page 52 From cisvection to transvection......Page 53 Extending the bithorax pseudoalleleic series......Page 54 Genetic versus functional models......Page 56 From genes to gene complexes......Page 58 Star-recessive, a spontaneous mutation in Drosophila melanogaster Proceedings of the Minnesota Academy of Science 7:23–26......Page 61 Another case of unequal crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 27:31–34......Page 65 The relation of repeats to position effect in Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, 30:137–166......Page 70 The pseudoallelism of white and apricot in Drosophila melanogaster Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 38:953–961......Page 100 Pseudoallelism and gene evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 16:159–174......Page 108 The theory and application of a new method of detecting chromosomal rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster. American Naturalist, 88:225–239......Page 131 Some aspects of position pseudoallelism. American Naturalist, 89:73–89......Page 146 Genes and gene complexes. Heritage from Mendel, pp. 17–47......Page 163 SECTION II: GENES AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 189 Developmental genetics......Page 190 Gain-of-function and loss-of-function bithorax alleles, and the operon model......Page 193 Genetic mosaics: spatial and temporal aspects of bithorax function......Page 195 The 1978 paper: A paradigm for the genetic control of development......Page 197 Trans-acting regulators: positive and negative control of the homeotic complexes......Page 202 Cis-regulation within the BX-C: the rules of engagement......Page 204 Summary......Page 208 Genes and developmental pathways. American Zoologist, 3:33–56......Page 210 A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila Nature, 276:565–570......Page 240 Genetic control of body segment differentiation in Drosophila. In: Developmental Order: Its Origin and Regulation. 40th Annual Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology,......Page 254 Control of body segment differentiation in Drosophila by the bithorax gene complex. In: Embryonic Development, Part A: Genetic Aspects. Edited by M. M. Burger and R. Weber. Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 269–288......Page 273 Regulation of the genes of the bithorax complex in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 50:155–164......Page 289 SECTION III: MOLECULES AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 307 Positional cloning of the BX-C......Page 308 Completing the bithorax mutant series......Page 310 The molecular basis of developmental control......Page 311 Bithorax and the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits......Page 314 DNA sequence motifs in the cis-regulatory regions of the BX-C......Page 316 Evolution of the HOX complexes......Page 318 Summary......Page 319 Molecular genetics of the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster. Science, 221:23–29......Page 320 The abdominal region of the bithorax complex Cell, 43:81–96......Page 336 Transabdominal, a dominant mutant of the bithorax complex, produces sexually dimorphic segmental transformation of Drosophila. Genes and Development, 1:111–123......Page 367 Molecular basis of Transabdominal—a novel sexually dimorphic mutant of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 90:1566–1570......Page 390 Sequence analysis of the cis-regulatory regions of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 92:8403–8407......Page 399 Splits in fruitfuly Hox gene complexes. Nature, 380:116......Page 409 Evolution of the homeobox complex in the Diptera. Current Biology, 13:R587–R588......Page 412 SECTION IV: RADIATION AND CANCER......Page 417 Genetic and somatic effects of ionizing radiation......Page 418 The political and social context......Page 419 Leukemia, multiple myeloma, and aplastic anemia in American radiologists. Science, 142:1492–1494......Page 459 Political fallout......Page 424 Thyroid radiation doses from weapons fallout......Page 430 Best estimates of risk: leukemia in populations exposed to low doses of radiation......Page 431 Summary......Page 433 Leukemia and ionizing radiation. Science, 125:965–972......Page 435 Thyroid radiation doses from fallout. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 45:894–897......Page 454 Ionizing radiation and tumor production. In: Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia, Williams & Wilkins Co, pp. 57–73......Page 467 Letters: Leukemia, radiation, and hyperthyroidism. Science, 174:454......Page 481 Analysis of lung tumor mortality in the Batelle Beagle Lifespan experiment. In: Health Effects of Alpha-Emitting Particles in the Respiratory Tract, Report of Ad Hoc Committee on "Hot Particles" of the Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations, National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council......Page 483 Ionizing radiation, cancer induction and radioactive fallout. In:Proceedings of the International Conference. The Discovery of Polonium and Radium—its scientific and philosophical consequences, benefits and threats to mankind. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 227–237......Page 494 SECTION V: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 502 Homeosis: the first 100 years. Trends in Genetics, 10:341–343......Page 503 Remembering Sturtevant. Genetics, 141:1227–1230......Page 509 C. B. Bridges' repeat hypothesis and the nature of the gene Genetics, 164:427–431......Page 515 Did Demerec discover intragenic recombination in 1928? Genetics 168:1785–1786......Page 524 Autobiographical sketch......Page 528 The bithorax complex: the first fifty years. Les Prix Nobel, 1995. Almquist & Wiksell International: Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 233–260......Page 535 APPENDIX......Page 560 Curriculum vitae......Page 561 References......Page 568 A......Page 575 B......Page 576 C......Page 577 D......Page 579 F......Page 580 G......Page 581 l......Page 582 L......Page 583 M......Page 584 P......Page 585 R......Page 586 S......Page 587 Z......Page 589 Edward B. Lewis' science is the bridge linking experimental genetics as conducted in the first half of the twentieth century, and the powerful molecular genetic approaches that revolutionized the field in its last quarter. His Nobel Prize winning studies founded the field of developmental genetics and laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the universal, evolutionarily conserved strategies controlling animal development. A lesser-known aspect of Lewis' canon is the pioneering studies he carried out on ionizing radiation and human cancer. In doing so, he was propelled into a public storm over nuclear weapons testing policy. For the first time Lewis' key publications in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, radiation and cancer are compiled within one volume. Howard Lipshitz, a close colleague during the last 20 years of Lewis' life, provides commentaries on the papers, placing them in their scientific and historical context and, throughout, giving insight into Lewis' approach to science and the motivations that drove Lewis' choice of subject matter. This book will be invaluable to a wide audience of professionals in the life and biomedical sciences; including geneticists, developmental biologists, molecular biologists, radiation biologists and cancer researchers. It provides source material for advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses in genetics, developmental biology, radiation and cancer. In addition, historians of science will find it to be a valuable resource both because it contains original research publications and because of the illuminating commentary. The Second Edition has been expanded with new material and the commentaries havebeen updated Comments on the First Edition: A great book that is of interest to many geneticists, developmental biologists, and historians of science. (Prof. Matthew P. Scott - Stanford University) A wonderful compendium of Lewis' papers. Lipshitz has done an outstanding job of summarizing and in many cases clarifying Lewis' writings. (Prof. James F. Crow, University of Wisconsin, Madison) A very valuable reference for those studying developmental biology, radiation and cancer. (Dr. Susan Celniker, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California) An excellent resource for understanding the emergence of developmental genetics. (Prof. Siegfried Roth, University of K??ln, Germany) Since the best way to become a good scientist is to understand how scientific ideas have been born and have developed, this book should be read by all graduate students in the areas of genetics, development and evolution. (Prof. Markus Noll, University of Zurich, Switzerland)