Gender, Memory, and Identity in the Roman World (Social Worlds of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages)

This volume approaches three key concepts in Roman history ― gender, memory and identity ― and demonstrates the significance of their interaction in all social levels and during all periods of Imperial Rome. When societies, as well as individuals, form their identities, remembrance and references to the past play a significant role. The aim of Gender, Memory, and Identity in the Roman World is to cast light on the constructing and the maintaining of both public and private identities in the Roman Empire through memory, and to highlight, in particular, the role of gender in that process. While approaching this subject, the contributors to this volume scrutinise both the literature and material sources, pointing out how widespread the close relationship between gender, memory and identity was. A major aim of Gender, Memory, and Identity in the Roman World as a whole is to point out the significance of the interaction between these three concepts in both the upper and lower levels of Roman society, and how it remained an important question through the period from Augustus right into Late Antiquity. Cover 1 Table of Contents 6 Abbreviations 10 Preface 16 Tabula Gratulatoria 18 Introduction 20 Jussi Rantala 20 1. Public Agency of Women in the Later Roman World 42 Ville Vuolanto 42 2. Religious Agency and Civic Identity of Women in Ancient Ostia 64 Marja-Leena Hänninen 64 3. The Invisible Women of Roman Agrarian Work and Economy 90 Lena Larsson Lovén 90 4. ‘Show them that You are Marcus’s Daughter’ 106 The Public Role of Imperial Daughters in Second- and Third-Century ce Rome 106 Sanna Joska 106 5. Defining Manliness, Constructing Identities 132 Alexander the Great mirroring an Exemplary Man in Late Antiquity* 132 Jaakkojuhani Peltonen 132 6. ‘At the Age of Nineteen’ (RG 1) 158 Life, Longevity, and the Formation of an Augustan Past (43-38 bce)* 158 Mary Harlow and Ray Laurence 158 7. Conflict and Community 182 Anna of Carthage and Roman Identity in Augustan Poetry* 182 Jussi Rantala 182 8. Dress, Identity, Cultural Memory 204 Copa and Ancilla Cauponae in Context 204 Ria Berg 204 9. The Goddess and the Town 240 Memory, Feast, and Identity between Demeter and Saint Lucia 240 Marxiano Melotti 240 10. Varius, multiplex, multiformis* – Greek, Roman, Panhellenic 284 Multiple Identities of the Hadrianic Era and Beyond 284 Arja Karivieri 284 11. Mental Hospitals in Pre-Modern Society 302 Antiquity, Byzantium, Western Europe, and Islam. Some Reconsiderations 302 Christian Laes 302 Index 326 List of Illustrations 7 Figure 8.1 Woman serving water with two jugs. Pompeii, Caupona in Via di Mercurio, VI 10, 1, room b, north wall 216 Figure 8.2 1) Pompeii, Caupona in Via di Mercurio, VI 10, 1, room b, N wall; 2) Pompeii, Caupona di Via Mercurio, room b, probably E wall; 3) Pompeii, Caupona in Via di Mercurio, south wall (male waiter?); 4) Pompeii, Caupona di Salvius, VI 14, 35.36, ro 217 Figure 8.3 Diana dressed in a double-girt chiton 219 Figure 8.4 Funerary relief of Sentia Amarantis, Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, Augusta Emerita, inv. CE00676. Late second-third century CE 221 Figure 8.5 Bronze ring ending in two snake-heads, found in the thermopolium of Felix and Dorus VI 16, 39.40, Pompeii (inv. 55462) 225 Figure 8.6 1) Bronze bracelet in the form of snake (inv. 12699) and 2) spiral silverring (inv. 12700). Found in the Caupona o 226 Figure 8.7 1-2) Two faience beads (inv. 56194) and 3) a glass paste bead (inv. 56195) found in the Caupona all’Insegna dell’Africa III 8, 8, Pompeii 227 Este volumen aborda tres conceptos clave de la historia romana -género, memoria e identidad- y demuestra el significado de su interacción en todos los niveles sociales y durante todos los períodos de la Roma Imperial. Cuando las sociedades, así como los individuos, forman sus identidades, el recuerdo y las referencias al pasado juegan un papel importante. El objetivo de este volumen es arrojar luz sobre la construcción y el mantenimiento de las identidades públicas y privadas en el Imperio Romano a través de la memoria, y destacar, en particular, el papel del género en ese proceso. Al abordar este tema, los colaboradores de este volumen examinan tanto la literatura como las fuentes materiales, señalando cuán extendida era la estrecha relación entre género, memoria e identidad. Uno de los principales objetivos de este volumen en su conjunto es señalar la importancia de la interacción entre estos tres conceptos tanto en los niveles superiores como en los inferiores de la sociedad romana, y cómo siguió siendo una cuestión importante a lo largo del período que va desde Augusto hasta la Antigüedad tardía This volume approaches three key concepts in Roman history - gender, memory and identity - and demonstrates the significance of their interaction in all social levels and during all periods of Imperial Rome. When societies, as well as individuals, form their identities, remembrance and references to the past play a significant role. The aim of this volume is to cast light on the constructing and the maintaining of both public and private identities in the Roman Empire through memory, and to highlight, in particular, the role of gender in that process. While approaching this subject, the contributors to this volume scrutinise both the literature and material sources, pointing out how widespread the close relationship between gender, memory and identity was. A major aim of this volume as a whole is to point out the significance of the interaction between these three concepts in both the upper and lower levels of Roman society, and how it remained an important question through the period from Augustus right into Late Antiquity