Gender Issues in Business and Economics : Selections From the 2017 Ipazia Workshop on Gender

Annotation This volume presents current research on gender studies in the specific context of the knowledge economy. Featuring contributions from the 2017 Annual Ipazia, the Scientific Observatory for Gender Studies Workshop on Gender, this book investigates gender issues and female entrepreneurship from social, economic, corporate, organizational, and management perspectives, with particular emphasis on advancing the understanding of gender in business and economic research. The post-industrial knowledge economy is characterized by an emphasis on human capital as the real engine of sustainable growth and development. With women comprising an increasing share of the global workforce, gender studies play a central role in exploring and understanding the attitudes and skills of women in business and their impact on economic and social development. Gender inequality in public and private contexts is decreasing due to an increase of women in leadership roles in business, the expansion and diversity of females in education, and a larger presence of women in policymaking roles. Ipazia, the Scientific Observatory for Gender Studies, aims to define an updated framework of research, service and projects on women and gender relations to highlight the evolution of gender in business and economics. This volume features contributions on female-owned family business, gender diversity in organizations, gender capital, and immigration from the 2017 Ipazia workshop Preface 6 Contents 8 Contributors 10 Chapter 1: Social Accounting in Italy: The Pioneering Contribution of Women Scholars 12 1.1 Introduction 12 1.2 Research Design and Methodological Approach 15 1.3 Theoretical Framework 17 1.3.1 Some Notes About the Origins of Social Accounting and Reporting in Italy 17 1.3.2 Women and Accounting 19 1.4 Women and Social Accounting in Italy: Insights from Pioneering Experiences 21 1.4.1 Italian Women Scholars’ Pioneers of Social Accounting: Ondina Gabrovec Mei 21 1.4.2 Italian Women Scholars’ Pioneers of Environmental Cost and Environmental Accounting: Paola Miolo Vitali 23 1.5 Discussion and Conclusive Remarks 25 References 26 Chapter 2: Fertility Rates Around the World: A Cluster Analysis of Time Series Data from 1960 to 2013 29 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Literature Review 32 2.3 Introduction to the Statistical Problem and Methodology 34 2.4 Results and Discussion 35 2.5 Conclusions 38 Appendix 39 Nations Considered 39 References 44 Chapter 3: Female Entrepreneurship as Production Factor or Business Function: A Literature Review of (Lack of) Definitions 46 3.1 Foreword 46 3.2 Female Entrepreneurship as (Independent) Factor or Function 48 3.3 Is Entrepreneurship a Production Factor? 49 3.4 Entrepreneurship as a Production or Business Function 50 3.5 Main Results of the Queries 51 References 53 Chapter 4: An Overview on Immigrant Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Italian Context 54 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Framework 56 4.3 The Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs: A Growing Phenomenon 58 4.4 Research Methodology 60 4.5 Results 62 4.5.1 The Identikit of an Immigrant Woman Entrepreneur 62 4.5.2 Organizational Aspects and Leadership Style 63 4.5.3 The Task Environment where Company Operates 64 4.5.4 The Potential of Social Media Strategies 66 4.6 Discussion 67 4.7 Conclusions and Limits 70 References 71 Chapter 5: The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital Performance and Ownership Gender Diversity in Small-Sized Italian Companies 75 5.1 The Impact of Gender on IC Performance: Literature Review and Research Gap 76 5.2 Development of the Hypothesis 77 5.3 Research Design and Sample Selection 78 5.4 Results 81 5.5 Conclusions 83 References 84 Chapter 6: Measuring and Evaluating the Interest on Management and Gender Topics in the United States in 1990–2017: A Time Series Clustering Approach 88 6.1 Introduction 88 6.2 Big Data, Google Queries and Gender: Relevant Topics 89 6.3 Data and Methodology 91 6.4 Results and Discussion 93 6.5 Conclusions 98 Queries Considered and Their Cluster Membership (United States Based) 98 References 99 Chapter 7: The Italian Positivist Culture: From Anti-­Feminism to Social Emancipation of Women 101 7.1 Introduction 102 7.2 The Way European Positivism was Received 102 7.3 A Complex Issue 104 7.4 In Favour of the Emancipation of Women 107 7.5 Anti-Emancipation Positivism 109 7.6 A Balance Between Lights and Shadows 111 References 112 Chapter 8: The Role of Women in the View of Gian Domenico Romagnosi and Giuseppe Ferrari 114 8.1 Romagnosi and Ferrari: The Relationship, the Cultural Context, and the Role of Women in the Public and the Private Sector 115 8.2 The Woman in Romagnosi’s Discorso [Speech] and in Ferrari’s Filosofia Della Rivoluzione [Philosophy of the Revolution] 118 8.2.1 Romagnosi’s Discorso [Speech] 118 8.2.2 The Woman in Ferrari’s Filosofia della Rivoluzione [Philosophy of the Revolution]. 121 References 123 Chapter 9: Women Entrepreneurship in the Light of Relational Capital: General Insights 125 9.1 Preliminary Insights and Research Questions 125 9.2 Research Approach 126 9.3 Primary Evidence 127 9.4 The literature Analysis 129 9.4.1 Women Enterprises Issues 129 9.4.2 Relational Capital Issues 130 9.5 Primary Conclusions 131 References 132 Chapter 10: The Role of Emotional Leader in Women-Owned Family Businesses 134 10.1 Introduction 135 10.2 Literature Review 136 10.3 Methodology 137 10.3.1 Cases Selection and Data Collection 137 10.3.2 Data Analysis 138 10.4 Case Studies 138 10.4.1 The Italian Case: Maria and Gianni 138 10.4.2 The Spanish Case: Yvonne and Yvonnete 140 10.5 Findings and Discussion 142 10.5.1 Avoid and Mitigate Conflicts 142 10.5.2 Transmit Values 143 10.5.3 Teach their Children to Love the Company 144 10.5.4 Keep Family and Company Harmony 145 10.6 Conclusions 146 References 147 Chapter 11: The Gender Dimension of the Female Highly Skilled Migrants 149 11.1 The Centrality of Human Capital in the Contemporary Territorial Systems 149 11.2 The Gender Bias in the Skilled Migration Policies 151 11.3 The Gender Dimension of Highly Skilled Migration 152 11.4 Concluding Remarks 156 References 157 Chapter 12: Intellectual Capital and Gender Capital: The Case of Italian Universities 160 12.1 Introduction 161 12.2 The Role of Diversity 162 12.3 The Role of Intellectual Capital in the University System 163 12.4 The University’s Quota Premium 164 12.5 Framework 165 12.6 Research Approach 166 12.7 Results and Discussion 169 12.8 Conclusion 171 References 172 Chapter 13: Interval-Based Gender Diversity Composite Indicators in Gender Studies 175 13.1 Introduction 176 13.2 Background of Studies and Literature Review 176 13.3 Interval-Based Composite Indicators 180 13.4 Interval-Based Composite Indicators for the Analysis of Gender Policies 180 13.5 Conclusions 181 References 182 Chapter 14: Feminism on the Radio in Italy of the 1970s: The Case of Radio Donna on Radio Città Futura 185 14.1 Feminism on the Radio in Italy of the 1970s: The Case of Radio Donna on Radio Città Futura 186 14.1.1 Introduction 186 14.2 Radio Donna on Radio Città Futura in Rome 187 14.3 Radio and Identity 190 14.4 Conclusion 191 References 191 Chapter 15: Gender Effects in Injustice Perceptions: An Experiment on Error Evaluation and Effort Provision 193 15.1 Introduction 194 15.2 Theoretical Background 194 15.3 Method: The Experiment 196 15.4 Discussion of the Results 199 15.5 Conclusions 201 References 201 Chapter 16: Relational Capital in Universities: The “Ipazia” Observatory on Gender Issues 203 16.1 Introduction 204 16.2 Theoretical Background 205 16.2.1 A Literature Review on University Relational Capital 205 16.2.2 The Research Design 207 16.2.3 Relational Capital: A Dynamic Approach Applied to Universities 208 16.3 Methodology 211 16.4 Findings 213 16.4.1 Observatory History/Characteristic: Start-Up 213 16.4.2 Individual Motivation of the Academic Entrepreneur and Institutional Objectives of Universities 214 16.4.3 The Network 215 16.4.3.1 Activated Network with Educational Activities 215 16.4.3.2 Activated Network Research 215 16.4.3.3 Networks Activated for Third Mission 216 16.4.4 Development and Performance 216 16.5 Conclusion 218 16.5.1 Limitations 219 References 219 Front Matter ....Pages i-x Social Accounting in Italy: The Pioneering Contribution of Women Scholars (Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, Mara Del Baldo)....Pages 1-17 Fertility Rates Around the World: A Cluster Analysis of Time Series Data from 1960 to 2013 (Carlo Drago, Giuseppina Talamo)....Pages 19-35 Female Entrepreneurship as Production Factor or Business Function: A Literature Review of (Lack of) Definitions (Gabriele Serafini)....Pages 37-44 An Overview on Immigrant Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Italian Context (Paola Paoloni, Marco Valeri)....Pages 45-65 The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital Performance and Ownership Gender Diversity in Small-Sized Italian Companies (Maria Serena Chiucchi, Marco Giuliani, Simone Poli)....Pages 67-79 Measuring and Evaluating the Interest on Management and Gender Topics in the United States in 1990–2017: A Time Series Clustering Approach (Paola Paoloni, Carlo Drago)....Pages 81-93 The Italian Positivist Culture: From Anti-Feminism to Social Emancipation of Women (Silvio Berardi)....Pages 95-107 The Role of Women in the View of Gian Domenico Romagnosi and Giuseppe Ferrari (Matteo Antonio Napolitano)....Pages 109-119 Women Entrepreneurship in the Light of Relational Capital: General Insights (Paola Paoloni, Rosa Lombardi)....Pages 121-129 The Role of Emotional Leader in Women-Owned Family Businesses (Francesca Maria Cesaroni, Amaya Erro Garcés, Annalisa Sentuti)....Pages 131-145 The Gender Dimension of the Female Highly Skilled Migrants (Antonietta Pagano)....Pages 147-157 Intellectual Capital and Gender Capital: The Case of Italian Universities (Raffaeue Trequattrini, Fabio Nappo, Aiessandra Lardo, Benedstta Cuozzo)....Pages 159-173 Interval-Based Gender Diversity Composite Indicators in Gender Studies (Federica Doni, Carlo Drago, Paola Paoloni)....Pages 175-184 Feminism on the Radio in Italy of the 1970s: The Case of Radio Donna on Radio Città Futura (Raffaello A. Doro)....Pages 185-192 Gender Effects in Injustice Perceptions: An Experiment on Error Evaluation and Effort Provision (Lucia Marchegiani, Tommaso Reggiani, Matteo Rizzolli)....Pages 193-202 Relational Capital in Universities: The “Ipazia” Observatory on Gender Issues (Paola Paoloni, Paola Demartini)....Pages 203-221