Gender equity : challenges and opportunities : proceedings of 2nd International Conference of Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology

This book comprises the proceedings of the TEQIP III Sponsored 2nd International Conference on “Gender Equity: Challenges and Opportunities” (2nd ICOGECAO 2020 -Virtual Mode), held at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India, from 25 to 27 November 2020. ICOGECAO provided a platform for researchers from multiple countries to present their views about the challenges associated with gender equity. Gender equity is one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5) set up by the United Nations in 2015, to promote and empower all genders equally. The proceedings strongly support the ideas of gender neutrality and blow out the mind-set of limiting gender studies to only women rights. They offer a collection of articles that break the stereotypes and myths often wrongly associated with gender. The ideas in the presented papers highlight gender-based discriminations, ask important questions and share facts that encompass beyond the so-called boundary lines. The authors contributed on various topics including but not limited to violence, crime, discrimination, and abuse against women and LGBTQ+ community. The basic motive of the presented book is to incorporate ideas and contribute to the sensitization and education about the important yet often neglected issues of gender equality. Thus, this book proves to be an essential resource for educators and researchers working in the field of gender studies. The work presents challenges caused due to COVID-19, social media, popular culture and work–life balance and explores empowerment through law, skills, technology and media. Some interesting case studies highlighted gender discrimination in science, sports and law. A variety of papers on literary texts were examined from a gender lens. The proceeding is divided into five subsections: 1. law, 2. literature, 3. management, 4. sociology and 5. social studies. The proceeding provides a wider perceptive and visuals about the scenarios which needs attention. The ideas presented will be helpful for achieving the sustainable development goal of gender equity to a greater extent. ICOGECAO 2020 Committees List of Reviewers Preface About the Institute Message from Dr. S. R. Gandhi, Director, SVNIT Message from Dr. Joel Macwan, Professor, and TEQIP Coordinator Keynote Session 1 by Dr. Sharon A. Bong on What’s Gender Got to Do with It? Keynote Session 2 by Dr. Juhi Sidharth on Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: An Eventful Story of Indian Women’s Liberation Keynote Session 3 by Dr. H. S. Komlesha on Towards Evolving Sustainable Feminism in India Keynote Session 4 by Dr. Sushma V. Murthy on Subversive Intersections: Polyvalence and the Gender Divide in Literature Keynote Session 5 by Dr. Ana Belén Perianes Bermúdez on The Women, Peace and Security Agenda in Its 20th Anniversary: The COVID-19 Implications Keynote Session 6 by Dr. Priynaka Tripathi on at the Margins: Experience of Indian Women in COVID-19 Keynote Session 7 by Dr. Lily Kelting on What is the Difference Between a Cook and a Chef Keynote Session 8 by Miss Andrea Arrieta Ruiz on International Relations Theory: A Critical Review from a Gender Perspective Dr. Sharon A. Bong, Full Keynote Speech on What’s Gender Got to Do with It? Contents Editors and Contributors 1 Digital Technology and Gender Equity: Challenges and Opportunities in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings 1 Introduction 2 Women and Girls Caught in Conflict-Affected Settings 3 Digital Technology and Evidence-Based Strategies to Advance Gender Equality in Settings Affected by Armed Conflicts and Postconflict 4 The Impact of the COVID-19 in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings 5 Conclusions References 2 COVID-19 and Gender Equality: An Abnormal Normality 1 Introduction 2 Impact and Interference 3 Unbalanced Ecosystem 4 Roots of Tolerance 5 Uplifting Women 6 Conclusion—Equitable World for a Bright Future References 3 Parental Acceptance and Challenges Faced by LGBTQ Youth in India and Their Mental Health 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Mental Health 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Analysis 5 Analysis 6 Discussions 7 Limitations, Suggestions and Ethical Considerations References 4 Assessing Abused Women Who Kill: (Ir)relevance of Gender in the Treatment of Spouse-Murder Defendants by the Criminal Justice Systems 1 Introduction 2 Setting the Scene 3 The Judicial Discourse: What It Is and What It Ought to Be 3.1 Leniency Towards Male Killers 3.2 (Un) Equal Treatment of Abused Female Killers 4 Drawing the Contrast 5 Conclusion References 5 An Assessment of Gender Inequality Experienced by Female Youth in Indian Household During COVID-19 Online Classes 1 Introduction 2 Need of Study 3 Review of Literature 3.1 Mental Health and Well-Being 4 Research Methodology 5 Results 6 Analysis 7 Discussion 8 Limitations, Suggestions and Ethical Considerations References 6 She Education, Not Necessarily a Job Quotient 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Methodology 2 Factors that Deter Women from Education 3 Study Based on Analysis 3.1 School Education Analysis 3.2 College Education Analysis 3.3 Job Related Analysis 4 Domestic Engineer 4.1 The Skill Needed 4.2 Managed Household 5 By Choice and not by Chance or Challenge 6 Recent: Pandemic Effect Versus Domestic Engineer 7 Conclusion References 7 Gendered Experiences in the Virtual World: Online Harassment of Women and LGBTQI 1 Introduction 2 Cyberbullying 3 Methodology 4 Gendered Experiences and Cyberbullying in the Virtual Spaces 5 Cyberstalking 6 Conclusion References 8 Plight of the Women Workers in Unorganized Sector—A Growing Challenge 1 Introduction 2 Rights of Women—International Scenario 3 Rights of Women—Indian Scenario 4 Conclusions Reference 9 A Study of Legislative Framework for Women Protection in India 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Learning Objective 4 Why Women Still Considered in Vulnerable Group? 5 Legislative Framework for Women Protection in India 5.1 Legislative Provisions in Constitutional Law of India for Women Protection 5.2 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 5.3 Personal Laws 6 Suggestion 7 Limitation of the Study 8 Conclusion References 10 Smart Technologies for Smart Women Entrepreneurs 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Objectives 4 Research Methodology 5 Smart Technologies for Women Entrepreneurs 6 Conclusion References 11 Gender Budget Analysis in Adolescent Girls’ Education: Evidence from Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) in Rajasthan 1 Introduction 1.1 Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) 1.2 Inequity in School Education 1.3 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) 1.4 Inclusion of KGBV Scheme Under SMSA 1.5 Fund Flow Mechanism Under SMSA 2 Methodology 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 Macro-expenditure Patterns 3.2 Gaps in Policy Design 3.3 Gaps in Budgets 4 Recommendations 5 Conclusion References 12 Beyond the Binary: A Study on Distorting “Gender” Within a Cybernetic System 1 Introduction 2 Cybernetics and Gender 3 Conclusion References 13 Analysis of Gender Budgeting in India 1 Introduction 2 Gender Budgeting in India 3 Union Gender Budget Statement 3.1 Ministries and Departments that Reported Allocations in the GBS 3.2 Gender Budget Cell 4 Conclusion References 14 Women Academicians in Higher Education: Issues and Concerns 1 Status of Women in Past 2 Today’s Women 3 Data Substantiates 4 Statement of the Problem 4.1 Objectives 4.2 Design of the Study 5 Research Tool 6 Results 7 Interpretation(Age of the Respondents) 8 Interpretation (Marital Status) 9 Interpretation (Types of Institution) 10 Findings 11 Suggestions 12 Be the Change References 15 Progressive Women: Spearheading Leadership in New Era 1 Women Spearheading Leadership 2 Present Status 3 Status of Women Education in India and Initiatives Taken in Last Few Decades 4 The Benefits That the Society Reaps Out of Developing and Empowering Female Workforce to Take Leadership Roles 5 Conclusion References 16 Inescapable Occurrence in Women Migration References 17 The Nexus Between Patriarchy and Capitalism: An Analysis of Mahesh Dattani’s Play Where There’s a Will 1 Introduction 2 The Politics of Production and Performance 3 Conclusion References 18 Empowering Women to Make Strategic Life Choices: A Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Concept of Empowerment 2.2 Dimensions of Empowerment 2.3 Impact of SHGs on Women Empowerment 3 Research Methodology 4 Analysis and Major Findings 4.1 Dimensions: Agency (Pro-WEAI) and Resources 4.2 Dimension: Achievements 5 Conclusion References 19 Systemic Violence Against Women in India: A Challenge for Gender Equity 1 Introduction 2 Gender Inequity and Systemic Violence Against Women 3 Systemic Violence and Gender Inequity: Towards a New Beginning References 20 Psychological Empowerment of Women 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 High Self-esteem 3.2 Low Stress Levels 3.3 Resilience 3.4 Decision-Making Power 3.5 Locus of Control 4 Conclusion 4.1 Implications References 21 Impact of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) on Socio-economic Status of Scheduled Caste Women in Rural Assam 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Main Objectives 4 Methodology of the Study 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Demographic Background of Sample Members 5.2 Involvement of SC Members in Income Generating Activities 5.3 Financial and Non-Financial Gains from Activities by the Respondents 5.4 Impact on Social Life of SHG Members 5.5 Impact of Economic Life of SHG Members 6 Suggestions 7 Conclusions References 22 Social Transformation in India: An Analysis with Specific Reference to Judicial Contribution Towards Protection of Human Rights of Women 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Objectives for Undertaking This Research 4 Hypothesis 5 Meaning of Social Transformation 6 Meaning of Human Rights 7 Definition of Woman 8 Case Law 8.1 Mohd. Ahmed Khan Versus Shah Bano Begum and Ors 8.2 Judicial Pronouncements in Nirbhaya Case and Consequent Social Transformation in India 8.3 Vishaka v State of Rajasthan and Social Transformation in India 9 Limitations of Research 10 Conclusion 11 Findings References 23 Is Woman a Homogeneous Category? Understanding Latent Factors of Financial Literacy and Financial Well-Being 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Descriptive Statistics and Chi-Square Test of Independence 5 Correspondence Analysis Results 5.1 Result 1: Household Decision Making Role—Financial Well-Being 5.2 Result 2: Contribution to Household Expenses and Financial Well-Being 5.3 Result 3: Financial Well-Being Orientation—Financial Well-Being 6 Key Findings and Conclusion References 24 Gender Equity: Challenges and Opportunities 1 Introduction 2 Challenges and Opportunities Related to Gender Equity 3 Conclusion References 25 The Feminine in Kabir 1 Woman as the Other 2 Kabir as the Other References 26 Unequal Lives of Homosexual Groups: A Review of Literature 1 Introduction 2 Homosexuality Around the Globe 3 Homosexuality in India References 27 From Marginalization to Independence: Journey of a Mother and a Nation 1 Introduction 2 About the Author 3 About Novel 4 Concept of Marginalization 5 Bangladesh Liberation War 6 Condition of Women 7 Marginalization and a Golden Age 8 Conclusion References 28 Gender Equity and Inclusive Participation of Women: With Special Reference to PRIs 1 Gender Equity and Reservation and Empowerment of Women 2 Awareness: Index of Empowerment and Gender Equity References 29 Achieving Equality Among Gender and Ethnic Groups through Multicultural Education: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Growth of Multicultural Education Outside India 3 Growth of Multicultural Education Inside India 4 Gender Equality 5 Suggestions to inculcate and promote the multiculturalism education system in the curriculum 6 Conclusion References 30 Assertion of Identities: A Study of the Select Dalit Women’s Narratives 1 Introduction 2 Autobiographical Tradition in Dalit Literature 3 Baby Kamble’s The Prisons We Broke 4 Urmila Pawar’s The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman’s Memoirs 5 Bama’s Karukku 6 Conclusion References 31 Intersection Between Gender Equity and Solving Infertility Issues 1 Introduction 2 Defining the Infertile Population 3 Defining “Solving Infertility”, a Health Condition 4 Case Studies and Sustainable Ways to Solve Infertility of Adults, a Health Condition 5 Issues for Children Born to Solve Infertility, a Health Condition in Adults 6 The Gift of Giving References 32 Developing Professional Skills Among Women 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Need and Rationale 4 Objectives of the Study 5 Twenty-First Century Professional Skills for Women 6 Conclusion References 33 Social Media Fatigue and Academic Performance: Gender Differences 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Data Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Ethical Considerations References 34 Achieving Gender Equity: A Case for Science Education in India 1 Introduction 2 Three Ways to Achieve Gender Equity in Science Education 2.1 Gender Neutral Science Education 2.2 Female-Friendly Science Education 2.3 Examples from Science Book of NCERT 2.4 Gender-Sensitive Science Education 2.5 Examples from Science Book of NCERT 3 Conclusion References 35 Transgender Identity and Rights: Masquerading Equity in Media and Beyond 1 Trans Spaces in Gender Identity 2 The Saga of Legal Battle 3 Transgender Identity in the Media: Inclusivity or Masquerading Equity? 3.1 Inclusivity 3.2 Media Beyond Films 4 Society, Culture and the Transgender Identity References 36 The Relevance of Intervention Programmes in School Setting to Sensitize Children Towards Gender Equity 1 Introduction 2 Research Objective 3 Research Material/Method Used 4 Literature Review 4.1 The Need for Gender-Equity in Society 4.2 Intervention Programs Focusing on Promoting Gender-Equity 4.3 Role and Scope of School Social Work to Overcome Issue of Gender Inequity 4.4 Different Governmental Schemes and Programs to Achieve Inclusion and Equity in School Setting 5 Major Findings of the Study 6 Conclusion References 37 Toilet Security and Gender: Addressing the Pandemic Vulnerabilities 1 Introduction 2 Lived Experiences of Women 3 Gender and Violence 4 Conclusion References 38 Addressing Domestic Violence Against Women: A Comparative Analysis of the National Strategies of Four South Asian Countries 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Literature Review 4 Protection Against Violence and Some Facts 5 Suggestions 6 Conclusion References 39 Marital Rape: A Non-criminalized Crime in India Against Women 1 Marital Rape is Challenging the Constitutionality References 40 Excruciation and Revelation in Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters References 41 Ingenuity and Femininity in Githa Hariharan’s The Thousand Faces of Night References 42 Canvassing Gender Issues and Opportunities in Select Indian English Fiction Through the Perspective of Dalit Women 1 Introduction 2 Gender Issues in India 3 Dalit Feminism in Indian English Literature 4 Conclusion References 43 COVID and Crime Against Women 1 Introduction 2 Females Versus COVID 3 Conclusion References 44 Gender Equity in Addressing the Multiplicity Within “Masculinity” Through Popular Culture 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The Impact of Hegemonic Masculinity 4 Breaking the Dominant Narrative of Masculinity 5 Conclusion References 45 Insights of Work-life Balance from Women’s Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Work-life Balance: A Technical Educationalist Perspective 3 Work-life Balance: An Entrepreneur Perspective 4 Work-life Balance: An IT Industry’s Women Perspective 5 Discussions and Findings 6 Conclusion References 46 Locating Non-normative Gender Construction Within Early Textual Traditions of India 1 Defining Non-normative/Third Gender 2 Brahmanical and Buddhist Reflections on the Issue of Alternative Sexualities 3 Identifying the Third Gender 4 Issues of Gender Equity: Society at Large 5 Insights from Jain Tradition 6 Rationale for Meticulous Distinction of Categories: Practical and Theoretical 7 Assessing Existence of Gender Equity Within Monastic Order 8 Conclusion References 47 Gender Inequality: Academic, Economic, Social and Pandemic Viewpoint 1 Introduction 2 Gender Inequality and Its Types 2.1 Academic 2.2 Economic 2.3 Social 2.4 Pandemic 3 Solutions References 48 Gender Equity Through Gender Empathy and Inclusivity 1 Introduction 2 Equality—Gender Roles 2.1 Fluid Gender Roles 3 Ancient Indian Culture—The Solution 4 Conclusion References 49 Gender in Society Gender Inequality Hurting Humanity 1 Inequality Starts at Home 2 What Is Expected and Admired of a Girl? 3 A Marriage Entity 4 “It Does Not Exist” 5 Men’s Entitlement 6 How Humanity Is Affected by Inequality—Brutally 7 School’s Reform 8 Vision and Solution 50 Benevolent Sexism in the 21st Century: Exploring Law and Practice in India 1 Introduction 2 Identifying Benevolent Sexism 3 Benevolent Sexism in India 4 Benevolent Sexism in Law 5 The Threat of Benevolent Sexism 6 Conclusion References 51 Disparities Related Wages Among Male and Female Workers: The Study of Sector Wise in Rural India 1 Introduction 2 Previous Works 3 Aims and Objectives 4 Methodologies 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions and Future Tasks References 52 Marital Age and Fecundity as Predictors of Gender-Based Violence in Uttarakhand, India 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 53 Revitalizing the Paradigm of Water Equity with Gender Dimension: Options and Opportunities for Symbiotic Water Law 1 Introduction 2 Gender-water Equity 3 Community Water Law: A Two Pronged Norm 4 Gender Aspects of Traditional Water Law: Boon or Bane 5 Water Reforms Versus Women’s Livelihood 6 Gender-Institution-Irrigation Nexus 7 Efficacy of Customary Water Law: A Global View 8 Balancing the Water Law 9 Conclusion References 54 Negotiating Normative Boundaries: Indian Sportswomen and Social Media Culture 1 Introduction 2 Women’s Sports and Social Media: Opportunities 3 Women’s Sports and Social Media: Challenges 4 Performing the Gendered Role 5 Breaking the Barriers: The Way Forward References