Gender, Disability, and Tourism in Africa: Intersectional Perspectives (Sustainable Development Goals Series)

This book explores the intersection of gender and disability in the context of tourism. In part, the book foregrounds feminist theorising of intersectionality by examining how gender can overlap with other social identities to contribute to more systemic oppression, domination, discrimination, and marginalisation of certain categories of people. Our point of departure is that disability does not operate in isolation as it is constituted and experienced within an already gendered social and tourism environment. With substantial research on the intersection of gender and tourism on the one hand, and the intersection of disability and tourism on the other hand, the interconnectedness of gender and disability and the implications this has on tourism policy and practice remains understudied. Thus, the book provides a critical lens that helps unpack underlying assumptions about gender and disability while questioning the dominant ideas about gender and disability reproduced through tourism policies and institutional practices in an African context. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in Gender Studies, Disability Studies, and Tourism Studies, particularly those with a research interest in Africa. Acknowledgements Praise for Gender, Disability, and Tourism in Africa Contents Notes on Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1: Situating Gender and Disability in Tourism Scholarship in Africa: An Introduction to Intersectional Perspectives Introduction Feminist Theorising of Intersectionality and Agency in Gender and Disability Tourism Research Gender, Disability and Tourism in Africa: The State of Knowledge Structure of the Book Concluding Remarks References Section I: Policy Framework for Gender and Disability Transformative Tourism in Africa Chapter 2: Empowerment of Women with Disabilities in the Tourism Sector in Zimbabwe: A Review of Policies and Laws Introduction Conceptualising Public Policy for Mainstreaming Gender and Disability Literature Review Tourism through Gender Lens Critical Disability and Intersectionality Theoretical Perspectives Methodology Findings and Discussion Existing Tourism Empowerment Policies and Laws Gaps and Inconsistencies in Each Policy National Disability Policy (2021) National Tourism Recovery and Growth Strategy (2020) Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013 National Tourism Policy (2012) Zimbabwe Tourism Act [Chapter 14:20] 1996 Disabled Persons Act [Chapter 17:01] 1992 Conclusion and Implications References Chapter 3: Gender Equality and Disability Inclusion in Tourism Employment in Namibia Introduction Literature Review Tourism Employment: A Gender and Disability Perspective Methodology Findings of the Study Gender Equality and Disability Inclusiveness National Gender Equality Policy National Development Plan 5 Harambee Prosperity Plan II National Poverty Reduction Action Programme Namibian Labour Act National Tourism Policy National Sustainable Tourism Growth and Development Strategy National Strategy on Sustainable Heritage Tourism Development & Employment Creation at Community Level Conclusion and Implications Limitations of the Study and Further Research References Chapter 4: Gender and Disability Inclusion Challenges Within Community-Based Tourism in Africa Introduction Community-Based Tourism in Africa Methodology Findings Lack of Education and Training for Women and PWDs in Africa The Gender-Leadership Challenge in African Tourism Gender-Based Violence in Community-Based Tourism Learning from Uganda and Ghana’s CBT Initiatives Conclusion References Section II: Researching Gender, Disability and Sustainable Tourism Development in Africa Chapter 5: Gender, Disability, and Social Identities in Tourism Research in Africa: Bibliometric Insights Introduction Bibliometric Method Data Collection Data Analysis Results Word Cloud Publication Trends Most Influential Journals and Citation Analysis Geographical Locations Research Design Discussion: Literature Clusters Agenda for Future Research Conclusion Limitations and Future Research References Chapter 6: Tourism and SDG 5: Reflections on the Nexus Between Gender and Disability in the Hospitality Industry Introduction Literature Review Tourism, Gender, Disability and Sustainable Development Goals Research Methods Results and Discussion Challenges Faced by Women Employed in the Hospitality Sector Challenges Faced by PWDs Employed by the Hospitality Sector The Impacts of COVID-19 on Women with Disabilities in the Hospitality Workplace Strategies That Can Be Employed by the Hospitality Sector to Contribute to SDG 5 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Towards Gender and Disability Inclusive Tourism Development in Zimbabwe: Insights Through Sustainable Development Goals Introduction Gender, Disability, and Intersectionality Discourses in Tourism Development Methodology Study Context Data Collection and Sample Findings Theme 1: Diversity and Political Will Theme 2: Gender Parity and PWD Inclusive Supportive Initiatives Theme 3: Pay Gaps and Sexual Harassment Discussion and Conclusion References Untitled Section III: Questioning Inclusivity and Diversity in Tourism Development in Africa Chapter 8: The Queering of Spaces: A Critical Analysis of How Male Sex Work Is Shaped in the Tourism Industry in Botswana Introduction Literature Review Methodology Findings Types of Services Provided Preferred Ethnicities and South Africa as a Preferred Place of Business Ways to Conceal Activity and Protect Identities Claiming and Rejecting or Doing and Undoing Certain Identities and Associated Behaviours in Different Biographical Times and Contexts Discussion Conclusion References Chapter 9: COVID-19, Informal Tourism Businesses, and the Livelihoods of Women with Disabilities in a Destination with Challenges Introduction Literature Review State of the Informal Domestic Tourism Economy Globally and in Zimbabwe Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 on Women with Disabilities in Tourism Methodology Findings Experiences of WWDs in Informal Tourism Businesses During the COVID-19 Pandemic Socio-Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Informal Domestic Tourism Intersections of Vulnerability Agency and Resilience in the Face of Adversity Conclusion and Directions for Further Research References Chapter 10: Barriers to Women’s Participation in Tourism Consumption in Anglophone Cameroon: An Intersectionality Perspective Introduction Literature Review Accessible Tourism and Intersectionality Perspectives Intersection of Gender and Disability in Tourism Methodology Findings Theme 1: Traditional Gender Roles as a Barrier to Participation Theme 2: Psychological Constraints Theme 3: Life Preferences Conclusions Study Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research References Chapter 11: COVID-19, Gender, Disability, and Experiences: Evidence from Marginalised Groups in Community-Based Ecotourism Projects Introduction Literature Review Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Gender, and Disability Methodology Study Context: Gairezi Ecotourism Project Intersectionality Theory Design and Data Collection Results and Discussions Youth and Women’s Vulnerabilities in the Gairezi Project PWDs and Older Persons’ Vulnerabilities in the Gairezi Project Conclusion Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Further Research References Chapter 12: Understanding the Experiences of Athletes with Physical Disabilities to Inform Inclusive Sports Tourism Practices Introduction Literature Review Stereotypical (mis)representations of Athletes with Physical Disabilities Sports Tourism Intersectionality of Disability, Sports, Race, Gender and Culture Methodology Findings Challenges Experienced by Athletes with Physical Disabilities Facilities Financial Support Discrimination and Abuse Coping with the Challenges Strategies for Improving the Sporting Experiences of Athletes with Physical Disabilities Discussion of the Findings Conclusion References Section IV: Media, Empowerment and Inclusive Tourism in Africa Chapter 13: Media Representation of PWDs and Tourism Development: Role of Ghanaian Media in Enhancing Inclusivity and Gender Equality Introduction Agenda-Setting and Framing Function of the Media PWDs and the Issue of Discrimination PWDs, Tourism, and Social Inclusion Intersectionality of Gender with Socio-cultural Disability Factors Methodology Findings and Discussion Editions of Newspapers and Frequency of News Stories with Coverage of PWD and Tourism Issues Attention to PWD and Tourism Issues Through Sources in News and Placement of Stories Gender Dimensions to the Nature of Coverage Framing of Dominant Issues About PWDs by the Newspapers Conclusion References Chapter 14: Disability, Marginalisation, and Inequality: An Appraisal of the Role of the Media in Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Tourism for Persons with Disabilities Introduction Literature Review PWDs as Producers and Consumers of Tourism Sustainable Development: Accessible and Inclusive Tourism The Gender Dimension Theoretical Lenses Way Forward Advocating for Disability Inclusion in Tourism Through the Media Towards a Sustainable Accessible Tourism Model Conclusion References Chapter 15: Role of Media in Creating Inclusive Gender and Disability Spaces in Tourism Introduction Literature Conceptualising Gender, Disability, the Media and Intersectionality The Role of Media in Tourism Media Coverage and Portrayal of Gender and Disability in Tourism Methodology Results The Role of the Media Media Coverage of Disability and Gender Issues in Tourism Lack of Political Will Lack of Funding The Parameters of Inclusion in Africa’s Media Social Media as an Alternative Voice for Gender and Disability Discussion Conclusion Limitations of the Study References Index