جماتون: زندگی و مرگ در یک شهر کوشی در نیل، جلد اول: کاوش‌ها در کاوا، 1997-2018

1. Introduction Figure 1.1. Green’s sketch plan of Kawa. Figure 1.2. Brick layout and bonding types A-O. Figure 1.3. A floor file from Building F3. 2. The Kushite town of Gematon Figure 2.1. Archaeological sites in the vicinity of Kawa overlain on the Google Earth satellite image. Figure 2.2. Contour plan of the site with the major building remains (scale 1:5000; contour interval 1m). Figure 2.3. Fluxgate gradiometer survey. The lower town, a – Areas A, B, C, F, G and H. The upper town, b – Area D; c – Area Z. Figure 2.4. Buildings revealed by excavation, surface cleaning, fluxgate gradiometer and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. a. the lower town, Areas A, B, C, F, G and H; b. the upper town, Areas D and T. Figure 2.5. Ground Penetrating Radar survey in the lower town, Area A, slice A (scale 1:2000). Figure 2.6. Ground Penetrating Radar survey in the upper town, Area B, slice A (scale 1:2000). Figure 2.7. Building plans. a. Building A1, phase 1; b. Building A1, phase 3; c. Building A2; d. Building A3; e. Building A4; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.8. Building plans. a. Building B1; b. Building B2; c. Building B3; d. Building B4; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.9. Building plans. a. Buildings B5, B12, B13 and B14; b. Building B7; c. Building B8; d. Building B9; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.10. Building plans. a. Building B10; b. Building B11; c. Building C1; d. Building C2; e. Building C3; f. Building C4; g. Building C5; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.11. Building plans. a. Buildings C6, C7 and C10; b. Buildings C8 and C11; c. Building C9; d. Building C12; e. Building C13; f. Building C14; g. Building C16; h. Building C17; i. Building C18 (scale 1:200). Figure 2.12. Building plans. a. Buildings C20; b. Buildings C21; c. Building C22; d. Building C23; e. Buildings C24 and C32 (green); f. Building C25; g. Buildings C27 and C31; h. Building C33 (scale 1:200). Figure 2.13. Building plans. a. Buildings D1; b. Buildings F1; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.14. Fluxgate gradiometer survey of the area to the south east of Temple T with certain and possible features indicated. None of these have been investigated further (scale 1:500). Figure 2.15. Building plans. a. Building F2; b. Building F3; c. Building F7; d. Building F8; e. Building F9; f. Building F11; g. Building G1 (scale 1:200). Figure 2.16. Building plans. Buildings F4, F5 and F10; (scale 1:500). Figure 2.17. Building plans. a. Buildings H1, H2, H6 and H7; b. Building H8; c. Building H9; d. Building H10 (scale 1:200). Figure 2.18. Building plans. a. Buildings M2; b. Buildings H3, H4, H5 and H11; c. Buildings M1 and M3; (scale 1:200). Figure 2.19. Building plans. a. Buildings T6 and T7; b. Building T8; c. Building Z1; (scale 1:200). 3. Excavations of the painted shrine and other buildings in Area A Figure 3.1. Area A, buildings of all periods (scale 1:200). Figure 3.2 . Area A, Period 1, oven and pit of various phases (scale 1:50). Figure 3.3. Area A, Period 1.2, gullys in surface (AC5)116 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.4. Area A, Period 1.2, features. Walls in grey indicate the location of the later Building A3 (scale 1:100). Figure 3.5. Area A, Period 2, wall (AC6)74 of Building A6 and walls of Building A5. The ceramic oven may date to this period. Walls in grey indicate the location of the later Building A3 (scale 1:100). Figure 3.6. Area A, Building A3, Phase 1. The bricks depicted in green form the Phase 2 buttress. Walls in red may relate to the later Building A4 (scale 1:100). Figure 3.7. Area A, Building A4. Walls in blue retained from Building A3 (scale 1:100). Figure 3.8 Building A1. Construction level (scale 1:100). Figure 3.9. Building A1. Phase I with the mud-brick altar to the west (scale 1:100). Figure 3.10. Building A1. Phase II (scale 1:100). Figure 3.11. Building A1. Phase III (scale 1:100). Figure 3.12. Building A1. Post-phase III (scale 1:100). Figure 3.13. Building A2, phase 1 with primary thresholds visible (scale 1:100). Figure 3.14. Building A2; elevations of the party wall between Rooms VI and VII (scale 1:50). Figure 3.15. Building A2, Room III. Features of phase 2. The earliest features are the ‘pot-sherd’ hearth (AD5)197 in the south-west corner and to the north oven (AD5)150. In the next sub-phase the hearth went out of use but ovens (AD5)174 and (AD5)194 replaced it (scale 1:50). Figure 3.16. Building A2, Room III. Features of phase 2, oven (AD5)90 and feature (AD5)137 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.17. Building A2, Room IV. Features of phase 2. a. Phase 2.1 – surface (AD5)128; b. Phase 2.2 – surface (AD5)110; c. Phase 2.3 – surface (AD5)102; d. Phase 2.4 – surface (AD5)88 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.18. Building A2, Room IV. Features of phase 2. Phase 2.5 – surface (AD5)59 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.19 Building A2, Room V/VI – mud-brick features on surface (AD5)107 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.20. Building A2, Rooms V and VI – mud-brick and stone features on surface (AD5)84 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.21. Building A2, Room VII. a. surface ((AD5)97; b. surface (AD5)69 (scale 1:50). Figure 3.22. Building A2, features of the final structural phase (scale 1:100). 4. Excavations in Area B Figure 4.1. The location of the sondages in the area later enclosed by the walls of Building B14, Room XXV (scale 1:100). Figure 4.2. Sondage B. Section of the east, north and south faces – all contexts in ARea (BD2) (scale 1:50). Figure 4.3. Area B. Plan of the excavated buildings, B1, B5 and B12-B15 (scale 1:200). Figure 4.4. Building B13, plan (scale 1:100). Figure 4.5. Building B12. a. Elevation of the east face of the wall between Rooms XVIII and XXI; b. Elevation of the north face of the south wall of the building [(BE2)98] visible in Rooms XVIII and XXI (scale 1:50). Figure 4.6. Building B12, plan (scale 1:100). Figure 4.7. Building B12. Sketch drawing of the section through the east wall of the building. Figure 4.8. Buidling B14, plan (scale 1:100). Figure 4.9. Building B14, Room XXVI. a. Period 1; b. Period 2 (scale 1:50). Figure 4.10. Building B5, period 1 plan (scale 1:100). Figure 4.12. Building B5, Room X/XII. Period 1.2 hearth and brick pavement, the former overlain by hearth (BD3)15 (scale 1:50). Figure 4.11. Building B5, Room VI/IX. Features on and set into surface (BE4)65 (scale 1:50). Figure 4.13. Building B5, Room X/XII. Sketch sections, north-south and east-west, through feature (BD3)57. Figure 4.14. Building B5, period 2 plan (scale 1:100). Figure 4.15. Building B5, Room IX. Rectangular bin (BE4)55 and ‘D’-shaped pit (BE4)55 (scale 1:50). Figure 4.16. Building 1, Period 1 with feature (BF3)39 (scale 1:50). Figure 4.17. Building 1, Period 2, Phase 1 (scale 1:100). Figure 4.18. Building 1, Period 2, Phase 2 (scale 1:100). Figure 4.19. Building 1, Period 2, Phase 2. Features dug into surface 31 and the Phase 3 buttresses in Room II (scale 1:50). All context numbers are in grid square (BF3). Figure 4.20. Robber pits in the southern part of Building B5, in Building B14 and in the area to the east (scale 1:100). 5. Excavations in Area C Figure 5.1. Chronological sequence of the buildings excavated in Area C. Figure 5.2. Buildings excavated in Area C (scale 1:600). Figure 5.3. Buildings C27 and C31 (scale 1:100). Figure 5.4. Building C20 including ‘Room’ D – see Building C26 (scale 1:100). Figure 5.5. Building C25 with phase 1 and 3 storage bins and pots (scale 1:100). Figure 5.6. Building C25 with phase 4 storage bin and pots (scale 1:100). Figure 5.7. Building C21 (scale 1:100). Figure 5.8. Building C23 (scale 1:100). Figure 5.9. Buildings C32 (green) and C24 (yellow) (scale 1:100). Figure 5.10. Building C26 with fragments of surviving floors and pits (scale 1:100). Figure 5.11. Building C26 with pottery vessels set into the floors (scale 1:100). Figure 5.12. Isolated wall fragment (CE4)27 overlying Building C26 (scale 1:100). Figure 5.13. Building C22 (scale 1:100). 6. Excavations in Area F – Building F1, adjacent streets and Building F11 Figure 6.1. Building F, phase 1 plan with the additional room, Room XII (scale 1:200). Figure 6.2. Building F1. Suggested restoration of the stairway in Room I (scale 1:100). Figure 6.3. Building F1, Room VI. Location of the human skeleton (scale 1:50). Figure 6.4. Building F1, Rooms VIII-IX: the stone floor (scale 1:100). Figure 6.5. Building F1, Room IX. Remains of basketry (FO6)29 (scale 1:100). Figure 6.6. Building F1, Room XII. Surface (FP6)161 with hearths and the bank of ovens along the east wall (scale 1:100). Figure 6.7. Building F1, Room XII. Two periods of ovens alongside the east wall. The ovens in red may have remained in use into the second phase (scale 1:50). Figure 6.8. Building F1. The buttress by the north-west corner of the building (scale 1:100). Figure 6.9. Building F11 (scale 1:100). Figure 7.1. Area F. Plan (scale 1:200). 7. Excavations in Area F – grid squares (FQ3), (FQ4), (FR3), (FR4), (FS3) and (FT3) Figure 7.2. Building F8 (scale 1:100). Figure 7.3. Pottery vessels and basin (FQ4)119 A-M, set into surface (FQ4)113 (scale 1:50). Figure 7.4. Building F7. The southern kiln. a. top plan: b. plan of the floor of the furnace chamber; c. east-west section; d. north-south section (scale 1:100). Figure 7.6. Building F3. Top and bottom plans (scale 1:100). Figure 7.5. Building F3. Section through the north side of the construction pit cutting deposits (FT3)3, 10 and 71 (scale 1:20). Figure 7.7. Building F3. Elevations of the walls. a. the exterior face of the west wall; b. the east face of the third cross wall from the west; c. the exterior face of the east wall; d. the two period revetting wall on the south side of the west stoke-ho Figure 7.8. Building F3. Suggested reconstruction of the floor of the firing chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 7.9. Building F3. Strengthening of the southern side of the arch of the second cross wall from the west. It is set on the ash [53 and 51] and sand [52] layers (all context numbers in grid square (FT3) (scale 1:20). Figure 7.10. Building F3. Profiles across the stoke-hole ramps. a. the west stoke-hole ramp; b. the east stoke-hole ramp. For the location of the profiles see Figure 7.6a (scale 1:50). 8. Excavations in Area F – Grid squares (FZ1) and (FZ2) Figure 8.1. Plan of the excavations in the courtyard of Building F4 (scale 1:100). Figure 8.2. Area (FZ2) plan (scale 1:100). Figure 8.3. Area (FZ2). East-west and north-south sections of structure 11 (scale 1:20). 9. Excavations in the temenos gateway, grid square (TG5) Figure 9.1. Grid square (TG5). Period 1 (scale 1:100). Figure 9.2. Period 2 post-holes (scale 1:100). Figure 9.3. Period 3. Stone gateway and paving (in red) in the mud-brick temenos wall (scale 1:100). Figure 9.4. Period 3 north gate jamb with the Period 6 revetment above (scale 1:20). Figure 9.5. Period 3-4, post-holes (scale 1:100). Figure 9.6. Period 4. New stone-revetted gateway (scale 1:100). Figure 9.7. Period 5. Timber gateway (scale 1:100). Figure 9.8. Period 6. Stone gateway of Period 4 with passageway extended to the west and the north wall with a new revetment. This plan also shows the latest phase of the temenos wall to the north and the robber pits post-dating the gate’s use (scale 1:10 Figure 9.9. North-facing section through the gateway with elevations of the Period 3, 4 and 6 passageway walls. 10. Excavations of Building Z1 Figure 10.1. Plan of Building Z1 (scale 1:100). Figure 10.2. Building Z1. Context numbers of major structural elements (scale 1:100). Figure 10.3. Building Z1. Elevation of the north face of wall (ZH5)7 (scale 1:50). Figure 10.4. Building Z1. Elevation of the east face of wall (ZH5)6 (scale 1:50). 11. Excavations within the Kushite cemetery at Gematon (site R18) Figure 11.1. Cemetery site R18 – features located during the survey and location of the areas excavated. Figure 11.2. Grave (533), primary phase descendary and stone base of monument (scale 1:50). Figure 11.4. Grave (533) – secondary phase descendary and stone base of monument (scale 1:50). Figure 11.3. Grave (533) – primary phase desecndary, profile east-west (scale 1:50). Figure 11.5. Grave (533) – secondary phase desecndary, profile east-west (scale 1:50). Figure 11.6. Grave 561 – burial chamber with the bones of the primary burial pushed to the south side (scale 1:15) and plan of the descendary with remains of the tomb monument and robber pit upcast (‘tumulus’) (scale 1:50). Figure 11.7. Grave 561 – east-west profile and elevation of the tomb entrance with blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.8. Area (GD3) – graves in the eastern part of the excavations (scale 1:100). Figure 11.9. Area (GD3). Grave 3 – plan of the pit and north-south section (scale 1:50). Figure 11.10. Area (GD3). Grave 7 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.11. Area (GD3). Grave 11 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), the grave pit at the level of the blocking wall, the grave pit - top plan and the north-south profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.12. Area (GD3). Grave 16 – top plan and the north-south profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.13. Area (GD3). Graves 20 and 63 – top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.14. Area (GD3). Graves 20 and 98 – east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.15. Area (GD3). Grave 20 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.16. Area (GD3). Grave 38 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.17. Area (GD3). Grave 41 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan with blocking wall, east-west and north south profiles, the latter also through graves 45 and 51 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.18 Area (GD3). Grave 41 – blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.19. Area (GD3). Grave 45 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.20. Area (GD3). Grave 45 – top plan and east-west section also through grave 84 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.21. Area (GD3). Grave 51 – top plan and east-west section (scale 1:50). Figure 11.22. Area (GD3). Grave 55 – plan of the coffin and the floor of the adjacent grave 38, top plan, east-west profile of graves 55 and 38 and north-south profile of grave 55 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.23. Area (GD3). Grave 60 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-north-east to west-south-west and north-north-west to south-south-east profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.24. Area (GD3). Grave 63 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan with the blocking wall and the steps in the descendary of grave 20 and north-south profile across the grave 20 descendary and the burial chamber of grave 63 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.25. Area (GD3). Plan of the superimposed graves in the south-eastern part of the area. Graves 84 and 87 overlying graves 87, 112 and 130 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.26. Area (GD3). Grave 84 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and east-west profile across graves 115, 84 and 130 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.28. Area (GD3). Grave 95 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.27. Area (GD3). Grave 87 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.29. Area (GD3). Graves 95, 98 and 118 – top plan including monument [156] associated with grave 98 and north-south section also through the chamber of grave 20 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.30. Area (GD3). Grave 98 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.31. Area (GD3). Grave 109 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.32. Area (GD3). Graves 112 (east) and 130 (west) – plan of the burials (scale 1:15). Figure 11.33. Area (GD3). Grave 133 – plan of the elements of the burial remaining in situ (scale 1:15). Figure 11.34. Area (GD3). Graves 138 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan with the blocking wall of grave 143 to the east, and north-south profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.35. Area (GD3). Graves 143 – plan of the burials (scale 1:15) and north-south profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.36. Area (HA1). Plan of the graves (scale 1:250). Figure 11.37. Area (HA1). Graves 1052 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, north-south and east-west profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.39. Area (HA1). Grave 1058 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west and north-south profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.38. Area (HA1). Grave 1055 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.40. Area (HA1). Grave 1059 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, elevation of the blocking wall and north-north-east to south-south-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.41. Area (HA1). Grave 1066 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.42. Area (HA1). Graves 1066 – plan of the descendary and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.43. Area (HA1). Graves 1075 – plan of the burials (scale 1:15). Figure 11.44. Area (HA1). Graves 1075 – plan of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.45. Area (HA1). Graves 1082 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.46. Area (HA1). Grave 1083 – plan of the burials, skeletons 15 and 11 (scale 1:15) and top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.47. Area (HA1). Graves 1084 – top plan and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.48. Area (HA1). Graves 1093 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.49. Area (HA1). Graves 1096 – top plan and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.50. Area (HA1). Graves 1097 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west and north-south profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.51. Area (HA1). Graves 1098 – top plan, elevation of the blocking wall and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.52. Area (HA2). Contours, ‘tumuli’ visible on the surface and robber pits (scale 1:200). Figure 11.53. Area (HA2). The excavated graves (scale 1:200). Figure 11.54. Area (HA2). Grave 31 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.55. Area (HA2). Grave 39 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.56. Area (HA2). Grave 39 – top plan, profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.57. Area (HA2). Grave 58 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.58. Area (HA2). Grave 58 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Some of the disarticulated bones of skeleton 280 at the west end of the descendary. Top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary with the secondary blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.59. Area (HA2). Grave 67/229 – plan of the primary burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west and north-south profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.60. Area (HA2). Grave 71 – top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.61. Area (HA2). Grave 79 – plan of the burials. Top the primary burial, skeleton 265; Bottom the secondary burial, skeleton 232 (scale 1:15). Figure 11.63. Area (HA2). Grave 83 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.62. Area (HA2). Grave 79 – top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.64. Area (HA2). Grave 83 – top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.65. Area (HA2). Grave 90 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.66. Area (HA2). Grave 90 – top plan and east-west profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.67. Area (HA2). Grave 94 – plan of the burials, top phase 1 skeletons 171, 172 and 239, bottom phase 2 skeletons 164 and 165 (scale 1:15). Figure 11.68. Area (HA2). Grave 94 – plan of the burials, phase 3 skeletons 154 and 157 (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.69. Area (HA2). Grave 96 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.70. Area (HA2). Grave 100 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and east-west section (scale 1:50). Figure 11.71. Area (HA2). Grave 112 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and top plan (scale 1:50). Figure 11.72. Area (HA2). Grave 116 – top plan and north east - south west profile of the burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.73. Area (HA2). Grave 119 – top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.74. Area (HA2). Grave 161 – plan of the burial (scale 1;15), top plan and the burial after the removal of the body showing the coffin and east-west and north-south profiles (scale 1:50). Figure 11.75. Area (HA2). Grave 204 – plan of some of the disarticulated bones (scale 1:15). Figure 11.76. Area (HA2). Grave 207 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, north east-south west profile and elevations of the west end of the descendary and the blocking wall as visible from within the burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.77. Area (HA2). Grave 213 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west profile and elevations of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.78. Area (HA2). Grave 215 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), top plan, east-west profile and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.79. Area (HA2). Grave 282 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.80. Area (J) – location of the grid of 20m squares. Figure 11.81. Area (JG2) – Phase A: features, pit 299, post-holes 303 and 305 and gully 309 (scale 1:20). Figure 11.82. Area (J) – plan of all the excavated graves and their monuments. Figure 11.83. Area (JG2) – Phase A: profiles of three of the post-holes, one with its post-pipe and gully 309 (scale 1:20). Figure 11.84. Area (JC3). Grave 12 – plan and profile of the descendary (scale 1:100). Figure 11.85. Area (JC3). Grave 12 – elevations of the south wall (inner face) and of the east wall (outer face) (scale 1:50). Figure 11.86. Area (JC3). Grave 12 and (JD2). Grave 12 – plan of all features (red - features associated with the construction of the pyramid) (scale 1:100). Figure 11.87. Area (JC3). Grave 12 – plans and profiles of pits 20 and 31 (scale 1:20). Figure 11.88. Area (JD2). Grave 12 – west descendary: top plan and profile (scale 1:100). Figure 11.89. Area (JD2). Grave 40 – plan of the pyramid, chapel and the mortar-mixing pit associated with grave (JC3)12 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.90. Area (JE2). Grave 14 – elevation of the inner face of the mud-brick blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.92. Area (JE2). Grave 14 – plan of the descendary, monument, grave chamber and robber pit and profile (scale 1:100). Figure 11.91. Area (JE2). Grave 14 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.93. Area (JE2). Grave 14 – plan and profile of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.94. Area (JE3). Pits and post-holes of Phases 2 and 4 to the east of Pyramid S1 (scale 1:50). Figure 11.95. Area (JE3). Pits of Phase 5 and stone slabs of Phase 6 to the east of Pyramid S2 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.96. Area (JE3). Plan of the burials (scale 1:15). Figure 11.97. Area (JE3). Grave 69 – plan of the descendary, pyramid and enclosure wall and profile (scale 1:100). Figure 11.98. Area (JE3). Grave 69 – elevations of the entrance to the tomb chamber, the stone and the mud-brick blocking walls (scale 1:50). Figure 11.99. Area (JE3). Grave 69 – elevations of the south and west faces of the pyramid (scale 1:50). Figure 11.100. Area (JE3). Grave 115 – plan of the descendary, pyramid and offering chapel and east-west profile (scale 1:100). Figure 11.101. Area (JE3). Grave 115 – north-south profiles/sections across the offering chapel, descendary and pyramid (scale 1:100). Figure 11.102. Area (JE3). Grave 115 – reconstructed elevation of the front wall of the south pylon of the offering chapel and elevations of the east face of the pyramid south of the chapel and of the south face (scale 1:50). Figure 11.103. Area (JE3). Grave 132 – elevations of the west, north and east interior walls of the burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.104. Area (JE3). Grave 132 – elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.105. Area (JE3). Grave 132 – plan of the burials (scale 1:15). Figure 11.106. Area (JE3). Grave 132 – a: plan of the descendary and burial chamber b: plan of the descendary and core of the tomb monument, c: east-west profile (scale 1:100). Figure 11.107. Area (JF1). Grave 23 – plan and profile of the desecndary Figure 11.108. Area (JF2). Grave 2 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), plan and profile of the descendary and elevation of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.109. Area (JF2). Graves 20 and 79 – plan of the descendaries, Pyramid S6 and pits (scale 1:100). Figure 11.110. Area (JF2). Grave 20 – plan and profile of the descendary and robber pits (scale 1:50). Figure 11.111. Area (JF2). Grave 26 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15), plan and profile of the descendary and burial chamber and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50) . Figure 11.112. Area (JF2). Grave 27 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.114. Area (JF2). Grave 55 – plan of the descendary, Pyramid S4 and its construction pit (scale 1:100). Figure 11.113. Area (JF2). Grave 27 – plan and profile of the descendary and burial chamber and elevation of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.115. Area (JF2). Grave 55 – plan and east-west profile of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.116. Area (JF2). Grave 79 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.117. Area (JF2). Grave 79 – plan and profile of the descendary and burial chamber and elevation of the outer face of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.118. Area (JG1). Grave 12 – the burial chamber (scale 1:15). The chamber was not fully excavated so its original form is unclear. Figure 11.119. Area (JG1). Grave 12 – the descendary and Pyramid M6 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.120. Area (JG1). Grave 12 – plan and profile of the descendary and burial chamber and elevation of the west end of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.121. Area (JG1). Grave 31 – the eastern end of the burial chamber (scale 1:15). Figure 11.122. Area (JG1). Grave 31 – the descendary and Pyramid M7 and profile of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.123. Area (JG2). Grave 2 – plan and profile of the descendary and tomb chamber, north-south profile through the burial chamber, and elevations of the south wall of the vaulted chamber and of the revetting wall of the tomb’s construction pit (scale 1:50). Figure 11.124. Area (JG2). Grave 2 – the descendary, burial chamber and Pyramid M1 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.125. Area (JG2). Grave 150 – Plans of the burial chamber and the descendary, east-west profile of the chamber and descendary, elevation of the phase 1 and 2 walls closing off the west end of the burial chamber and revetting the construction pit Figure 11.126. Area (JG2). Grave 150 – north-south profile/section across the burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.127. Area (JG2). Grave 150 – plan of the burial chamber, descendary, Pyramid M2, the construction trench and pit 192 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.128. Area (JG2). Grave 150 – profile of the construction trench for the north face of Pyramid M2 and pit 192, and of the construction trench as visible on the west side of the west face (scale 1:50). Figure 11.129. Area (JG2). Grave 171 – plan of the burial chamber (scale 1:15). Figure 11.131. Area (JG2). Plan of the descendaries of graves 171 and 231 and Pyramid M4 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.130. Area (JG2). Grave 171 – plan and east-west profile of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.132. Area (JG2). Grave 175 – plan of the descendary and burial chamber, east-west and north-south profiles and elevations of the east, west and north walls of the burial chamber and of the west wall from the exterior (scale 1:50). Figure 11.133. Area (JG2). Grave 175 – plan of the descendary, burial chamber and Pyramid M3 (scale 1:100). Figure 11.134. Area (JG2). Grave 231 – plan and profile of the descendary (scale 1:50). Figure 11.136. Area (JG2). Grave 244 – plan of the burial chamber (scale 1:15). Figure 11.135. Area (JG2). Grave 244 – elevation of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.137. Area (JG2). Grave 244 – plan and profile of the descendary, burial chamber and tumulus (scale 1:50). Figure 11.138. Area (JG2). Grave 282 and pit 277 with the outline and walls of Pyramids M3, and M4, and the stone chippings layer (scale 1:50). Figure 11.139. Area (JG3). Grave 6 – plan of the burial chamber and blocking wall and north-south profile (scale 1:50). Figure 11.141. Area (JG4). Grave 2 – plan of the burial chamber and the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.142. Area (JG4). Grave 8 – plan of the grave (scale 1:50). Figure 11.140. Area (JG3). Grave 23 – plan of the burial chamber (scale 1:15) and of the descendary and chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.143. Area (JH3). Grave 5 – plan of the grave (scale 1:50). Figure 11.144. Area (JH3). Grave 9 – plan of the grave (scale 1:50). Figure 11.145. Area (JH3). Grave 11 – plan of the grave and elevation of the blocking wall (scale 1:50). Figure 11.146. Area (JH3). Grave 21 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.147. Area (JH3). Grave 21 – plan and east-west profile of the descendary and burial chamber(scale 1:50). Figure 11.148. Area (JH3). Grave 36 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.149. Area (JH3). Grave 39 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 11.150. Area (JH3). Grave 39 – plan of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 0.151. Area (JH3). Grave 43 – plan of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.152. Area (JH3). Grave 110 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.153. Area (JH3). Grave 114 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.154. Area (JH3). Grave 116 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and plan and east-west profile of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.155. Area (JH4). Grave 4 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15). Figure 0.156. Area (JH4). Grave 8 – plan of the burial (scale 1:15) and plan and east-west profile of the descendary and burial chamber (scale 1:50). Figure 11.157. Area (JH4). Grave 12 – plan of the descendary and