Gastric Cancer In The Precision Medicine Era: Diagnosis and Therapy (Current Clinical Pathology)

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and potentially lethal gastrointestinal malignancy, but it is now at the forefront of modern oncology due to new discoveries. In recent years, the field of gastric cancer has been transformed by many notable developments in both the diagnostic area and the therapeutic strategies. The main aim of the text is to propose a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field, and will serve as a valuable resource for oncologists, pathologists, surgeons and researchers with an interest in gastric cancer. The first chapters will review the interplay between pathogens and especially H. pylori, inflammation, genomic instability, and tumorigenesis. Secondly, an exhaustive overview of the diagnosis of gastric cancer from a clinical/endoscopic and pathologic perspectives will be illustrated. Two specific chapters will deal with tissue and serum biomarkers with an important role in diagnosis as well as prognostic and predictive markers of response to specific therapy. A central section of the book will focus on treatment options available today for patients. Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for gastric cancer; however, the prognosis of patients with locally advanced disease is still poor even after curative resection. Therefore, in order to improve the prognosis of patients, especially with advanced stage, a multimodal strategy is advisable and is thoroughly addressed in the appropriate section. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model technologies, the genomic landscape of gastric cancer has been delineated and molecular characterizations finalized to novel therapeutic targets of each molecular subtype have been identified. These advances are making it feasible to integrate clinical and phenotype-based diagnostic and therapeutic methods and are described in a dedicated section. The text will conclude with chapters focusing on the future direction of gastric cancer research in the precision medicine era: an in-depth analysis of non-coding RNAs and their role in gastric cancer, the impact of immunomodulation/immunotherapy and the perspectives of nano-medicine will be finally proposed to the audience. A brief review of the existing literature addressing the above mentioned topics will be present in each chapter. This text will serve as a useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this challenging malignancy. It will provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts. All chapters will be written by experts in their fields and will include the most up to date scientific and clinical information. Front Matter ....Pages i-xv Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Gastric Tumorigenesis: Role of Inflammation and Helicobacter pylori (Stefania Zanussi, Mariateresa Casarotto, Chiara Pratesi, Paolo De Paoli)....Pages 3-23 Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer (Valli De Re, Riccardo Dolcetti)....Pages 25-40 Front Matter ....Pages 41-41 Diagnosis and Surveillance: Endoscopic Hallmarks (Renato Cannizzaro, Raffaella Magris, Stefania Maiero, Paola Spessotto, Valli De Re, Mara Fornasarig)....Pages 43-52 Pathological Diagnosis and Classification of Gastric Epithelial Tumours (Rossella Rotondo, Flavio Rizzolio, Tiziana Perin, Massimiliano Berretta, Fabrizio Zanconati, Antonio Giordano et al.)....Pages 53-82 Diagnostic, Prognostic, Predictive and Therapeutic Tissue Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer (Vincenzo Canzonieri, Federica Rao, Tiziana Perin, Lara Alessandrini, Angela Buonadonna, Giulio Bertola et al.)....Pages 83-106 Serum Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer (Agostino Steffan, Silvia Cervo, Valentina Fanotto, Fabio Puglisi)....Pages 107-117 Front Matter ....Pages 119-119 New Agents in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer: Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy (Angela Buonadonna, Gian Maria Miolo, Valentina Fanotto, Federico Navarria, Elisa Palazzari, Claudio Belluco et al.)....Pages 121-132 Combined Modality Treatment for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Current Evidences and New Perspectives (Antonino De Paoli, Federico Navarria, Elisa Palazzari, Matteo Olivieri, Claudio Belluco, Michela Guardascione et al.)....Pages 133-145 Surgical Strategies in Gastric Cancer (Claudio Belluco, Matteo Olivieri, Andrea Lauretta, Danilo Antona, Antonino De Paoli, Federico Navarria et al.)....Pages 147-152 Front Matter ....Pages 153-153 From Molecular Classification to Targeted Therapy for Gastric Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era (Lara Alessandrini, Melissa Manchi, Fabrizio Italia, Tiziana Perin, Vincenzo Canzonieri)....Pages 155-172 Front Matter ....Pages 173-173 Noncoding RNA in Gastric Cancer with Potential Prognostic and Predictive Role (Federica Rao, Flavio Rizzolio, Clara Rizzardi, Tiziana Perin, Vincenzo Canzonieri)....Pages 175-187 Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy for Gastric Cancer (Riccardo Dolcetti, Valli De Re)....Pages 189-212 Nanomedicine in Gastric Cancer (Nayla Mouawad, Maguie El Boustani, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Isabella Caligiuri, Flavio Rizzolio)....Pages 213-247 Back Matter ....Pages 249-256 This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review and serves as an overview of the different aspects of gastric cancer. The first section aims to clarify the main aspects of tumorigenesis, such as the role of inflammation linked to the presence of H. Pylori infection, and the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms so far known. Secondly, an exhaustive overview of the diagnosis of gastric cancer from a clinical/endoscopic and pathologic perspective will be illustrated. The second section includes the pathological and clinical features and contains information regarding the most recent tissue and serological biomarkers in these neoplasms. The three successive sections are intended to provide the "state of art" of multimodal treatment approaches to gastric cancer, i.e. standard and novel surgical aspects, common and innovative chemo and radio protocols and modern targeted therapies. Novel molecular classifications are under consideration to improve diagnostic and prognostic definitions and to prospect future treatments based on the use of immunotherapies and innovative molecules such as non-coding RNA and nanoparticles. Gastric Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era serves as a useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this challenging malignancy. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that helps guide patient management and stimulates investigative efforts. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and includes the most up to date scientific and clinical information. -- Provided by publisher This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review and serves as an overview of the different aspects of gastric cancer. The first section aims to clarify the main aspects of tumorigenesis, such as the role of inflammation linked to the presence of H. Pylori infection, and the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms so far known. Secondly, an exhaustive overview of the diagnosis of gastric cancer from a clinical/endoscopic and pathologic perspective will be illustrated. The second section includes the pathological and clinical features and contains information regarding the most recent tissue and serological biomarkers in these neoplasms. The three successive sections are intended to provide the zstate of arty of multimodal treatment approaches to gastric cancer, i.e. standard and novel surgical aspects, common and innovative chemo and radio protocols and modern targeted therapies. Novel molecular classifications are under consideration to improve diagnostic and prognostic definitions and to prospect future treatments based on the use of immunotherapies and innovative molecules such as non-coding RNA and nanoparticles. Gastric Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era serves as a useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this challenging malignancy. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that helps guide patient management and stimulates investigative efforts. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and includes the most up to date scientific and clinical information