Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, Third Edition, Volume 8: Po to San 8

Covers today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, and important documents. Includes topics such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and more. Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 3 © 2010 Gale, Cengage Learning......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 MAIN FEATURES OF THIS SET......Page 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF THIS SET......Page 9 How to Use This Book......Page 11 Contributors......Page 13 POACHING......Page 14 POISON......Page 15 POISON PILL......Page 16 POLICE......Page 17 POLICE AND GUARDS, PRIVATE......Page 18 POLICE CORRUPTION AND MISCONDUCT......Page 19 POLICE POWER......Page 23 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE......Page 24 POLITICAL CAMPAIGN LAW......Page 27 POLITICAL QUESTION......Page 28 POLITICAL TRIAL......Page 30 POLK, JAMES KNOX......Page 32 POLLACK, MILTON......Page 35 POLLAK, WALTER HEILPRIN......Page 37 POLLOCK, FREDERICK......Page 38 POLLOCK V. FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST CO.......Page 39 POLLUTION......Page 40 POLYGAMY......Page 41 POLYGRAPH......Page 44 PONZI SCHEME......Page 45 PORNOGRAPHY......Page 49 POSITIVISM......Page 54 POSNER, RICHARD ALLEN......Page 55 POSSESSION......Page 58 POST MORTEM......Page 60 POSTING......Page 61 POUND, ROSCOE......Page 62 POWELL, ADAM CLAYTON, JR.......Page 65 POWELL, LEWIS FRANKLIN, JR.......Page 67 POWELL V. ALABAMA......Page 69 POWER OF ATTORNEY......Page 72 POWER OF TERMINATION......Page 74 PRACTICE OF LAW......Page 75 PRECATORY LANGUAGE......Page 76 PRECEDENT......Page 77 PREEMPTION......Page 78 PREFERENCE......Page 80 PREFERRED STOCK......Page 81 PRELAW EDUCATION......Page 82 PRELIMINARY HEARING......Page 83 PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION......Page 84 PREMARITAL AGREEMENT......Page 85 PREMEDITATE......Page 87 PREROGATIVE......Page 88 PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION......Page 89 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES......Page 90 PRESIDENTIAL POWERS......Page 92 PRESUMPTION......Page 96 PRETERMITTED HEIR......Page 97 PRETRIAL CONFERENCE......Page 98 PRETRIAL PUBLICITY......Page 100 PREVENTIVE DETENTION......Page 101 PRIGG V. PENNSYLVANIA......Page 103 PRIMA FACIE......Page 105 PRINCIPAL......Page 106 PRINCIPLE......Page 107 PRIOR RESTRAINT......Page 108 PRISON......Page 109 PRISONERS’ RIGHTS......Page 115 PRIVACY......Page 121 PRIVACY ACT OF 1974......Page 131 PRIVATE BILL......Page 133 PRIVATE ROADS......Page 134 PRIVATEER......Page 135 PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELFINCRIMINATION......Page 136 PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION......Page 138 PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES......Page 139 PRIVY COUNCIL......Page 141 PRIZE COURTS......Page 142 PRO BONO......Page 143 PRO TANTO......Page 144 PROBABLE CAUSE......Page 145 PROBATE......Page 146 PROBATION......Page 150 PROBATIVE......Page 152 PROCESS......Page 153 PRODUCING CAUSE......Page 154 PRODUCT LIABILITY......Page 155 PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY......Page 161 PROGRESSIVE PARTY......Page 166 PROHIBITION......Page 168 PROHIBITION PARTY......Page 169 PROHIBITION, WRIT OF......Page 170 PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL......Page 171 PROOF......Page 172 PROPERTY LAW......Page 173 PROPERTY SETTLEMENT......Page 178 PROPONENT......Page 180 PROSECUTOR......Page 181 PROSTITUTION......Page 184 PROTECTIVE CUSTODY......Page 187 PROTEST......Page 189 PROVOCATION......Page 190 PUBLIC......Page 191 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES......Page 194 PUBLIC CONTRACT......Page 196 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE......Page 200 PUBLIC OFFERING......Page 203 PUBLIC UTILITIES......Page 205 PUBLISH......Page 206 PUBLISHING LAW......Page 207 PUERTO RICO AND THE UNITED STATES......Page 211 PULLMAN STRIKE......Page 214 PUNISHMENT......Page 215 PUNITIVE DAMAGES......Page 220 PURCHASE......Page 223 PURE SPEECH......Page 224 PUTATIVE......Page 225 PUTZEL, HENRY, JR.......Page 226 PYRAMID SALES SCHEME......Page 227 QUANTUM MERUIT......Page 228 QUASI CONTRACT......Page 230 QUASI IN REM JURISDICTION......Page 231 QUASI-JUDICIAL......Page 232 QUASI-LEGISLATIVE......Page 233 QUESTION OF FACT......Page 234 QUI TAM ACTIONS......Page 235 QUID PRO QUO......Page 237 QUIET TITLE ACTION......Page 238 QUINLAN, IN RE......Page 239 QUO WARRANTO......Page 241 QUORUM......Page 243 RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION......Page 244 RACIAL PROFILING......Page 246 RACKETEERING......Page 251 RAILROAD......Page 255 RAMO, ROBERTA COOPER......Page 259 RANDOLPH, ASA PHILIP......Page 261 RANDOLPH, EDMUND JENNINGS......Page 263 RANKIN, JEANNETTE......Page 264 RANTOUL, ROBERT, JR.......Page 266 RAPE......Page 267 RATIFICATION......Page 272 RATIONAL BASIS TEST......Page 273 RAWLS, JOHN BORDLEY......Page 274 REAGAN, RONALD WILSON......Page 275 REAL ESTATE......Page 279 REASONABLE DOUBT......Page 280 REASONABLE PERSON......Page 281 REBATE......Page 282 RECAPTION......Page 283 RECEIVER......Page 284 RECEIVING STOLEN PROPERTY......Page 285 RECIDIVISM......Page 286 RECKLESSNESS......Page 287 RECONCILIATION......Page 288 RECONSTRUCTION......Page 289 RECONVEYANCE......Page 290 RECORDING OF LAND TITLES......Page 291 RECORDS......Page 292 RECOVERED MEMORY......Page 293 RECUSE......Page 295 RED SCARE......Page 296 REDLINING......Page 297 REED, STANLEY FORMAN......Page 298 REENTRY......Page 299 REFERENDUM......Page 300 REFORM PARTY......Page 301 REFORMATION......Page 302 REFRESHING MEMORY......Page 303 REFUGEES......Page 304 REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V. BAKKE......Page 306 REGISTRATION......Page 308 REGRESSIVE TAX......Page 309 REGULATION......Page 310 REHNQUIST, WILLIAM HUBBS......Page 311 REINSURANCE......Page 315 RELEASE......Page 318 RELEASE TIME PROGRAM......Page 320 RELIGION......Page 321 REMEDIAL STATUTE......Page 332 REMEDY......Page 333 REMITTITUR......Page 334 RENO, JANET......Page 335 RENUNCIATION OF WAR......Page 338 REORGANIZATION PLAN......Page 339 REPARATION......Page 342 REPLEVIN......Page 345 REPORTER......Page 346 REPRIEVE......Page 347 REPRISAL......Page 348 REPRODUCTION......Page 349 REPUBLIC......Page 355 REPUBLICAN PARTY......Page 356 REPUBLICATION......Page 360 REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT......Page 361 RES GESTAE......Page 362 RES IPSA LOQUITUR......Page 363 RES JUDICATA......Page 367 RESCISSION......Page 368 RESCUE......Page 370 RESIDENCE......Page 371 RESIDENCY......Page 372 RESOLUTION......Page 375 RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR......Page 376 RESPONSIVE PLEADING......Page 377 RESTITUTION......Page 378 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE......Page 379 RESTRAINT OF TRADE......Page 381 RESTRICTIVE COVENANT......Page 382 RESULTING TRUST......Page 383 RETROACTIVE......Page 384 REVENUE......Page 385 REVIVAL OF AN ACTION......Page 386 REVOLUTION......Page 387 REVOLVING CHARGE......Page 388 REWARD......Page 389 REYNOLDS V. SIMS......Page 391 RICHARDSON, ELLIOT LEE......Page 393 RIDER......Page 395 RIDGE, THOMAS JOSEPH......Page 396 RIGHT......Page 397 RIGHT OF ELECTION......Page 398 RIGHT OF SURVIVORSHIP......Page 399 RIGHT TO COUNSEL......Page 400 RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS......Page 404 RIOT......Page 405 RIPENESS......Page 408 RISK ARBITRAGE......Page 409 ROBBERY......Page 410 ROBERTS, JOHN GLOVER, JR.......Page 412 ROBERTS, OWEN JOSEPHUS......Page 414 ROBERTS V. UNITED STATES JAYCEES......Page 416 ROBINSON-PATMAN ACT......Page 417 ROBINSON, SPOTTSWOOD WILLIAM, III......Page 420 ROBINSON V. CALIFORNIA......Page 421 ROCHIN V. CALIFORNIA......Page 423 RODNEY, CAESAR AUGUSTUS......Page 425 ROE V. WADE......Page 426 ROGERS, WILLIAM PIERCE......Page 431 ROMAN LAW......Page 432 ROMER V. EVANS......Page 434 ROOSEVELT, ANNA ELEANOR......Page 436 ROOSEVELT, FRANKLIN DELANO......Page 438 ROOSEVELT, THEODORE......Page 443 ROSENBERGS TRIAL......Page 446 ROSS, JOHN......Page 451 ROSS, NELLIE TAYLOE......Page 453 ROSTKER V. GOLDBERG......Page 455 ROTH V. UNITED STATES......Page 456 ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES......Page 457 ROYALTY......Page 459 RUBY, JACK......Page 460 RULE......Page 461 RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES......Page 462 RULE IN SHELLEY’S CASE......Page 464 RULE OF LAW......Page 465 RULES OF WAR......Page 468 RUNNING WITH THE LAND......Page 474 RUSH, BENJAMIN......Page 475 RUSH, RICHARD......Page 476 RUTLEDGE, JOHN......Page 477 RUTLEDGE, WILEY BLOUNT, JR.......Page 478 RYLANDS V. FLETCHER......Page 480 S CORPORATION......Page 482 SACCO AND VANZETTI TRIAL......Page 483 SAILOR......Page 485 SALEM WITCH TRIALS......Page 486 SALES LAW......Page 490 SALES TAX......Page 496 SALVAGE......Page 497 SAN FRANCISCO VIGILANCE COMMITTEES OF 1851 AND 1856......Page 499 SANCTION......Page 501 SANFORD, EDWARD TERRY......Page 502 SANGER, MARGARET HIGGINS......Page 503 SANTA CLARA COUNTY V. SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY......Page 507 Preface: The U.S. legal system is admired around the world for the freedoms it allows the individual and the fairness with which it attempts to treat all persons. On the surface, it may seem simple, yet those who have delved into it know that this system of federal and state constitutions statues, regulations and common-law decisions is elaborate and complex. It derives from the English common law, but includes principles older than England, along with some principles from other lands. The U.S. legal system, like many others, has a language all its own, but too often it is an unfamiliar language: many concepts are still phrased in Latin. The third edition of Gale Encyclopedia of American Law (GEAL), formerly West's Encyclopedia of American Law, explains legal terms and concepts in everyday language. It covers a wide variety of persons, entities, and events that have shaped the U.S. legal system and influenced public perceptions of it. The main features of this set are: Entries; Definitions; Further readings; Cross-references; In focus essays; Sidebars; Biographies; Enhancements; Appendixes; Milestone cases in the law; Primary documents and Citations v. 1. A to Ba v. 2. Be-Col v. 3. Com-Dor v. 4. DOT-Fre v. 5. Fri-I v. 6. J-Ma v. 7. Mc-Pl v. 8. Po-San v. 9. Sar-Ten v. 10. Ter-Z v. 11. Milestones in the law, Brown to Kelo v. 12. Milestones in the law, Lawrence to Roe v. 13. Primary documents v. 14. Dictionary of legal terms, Cases index, General index.