Galaxy evolution : connecting the distant universe with the local fossil record : proceedings of a colloquium held at the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon from 21-25 September, 1998

This book contains the Proceedings of the first 'Rencontres de l'Observatoire' which was held at the Meudon campus of the Paris Observatory on September 21-25, 1998. The subject addressed was 'Galaxy evolution: Connecting the distant Universe with the local fossil record'. This colloquium was a project devised by a group of astronomers who, in France but also in Europe, in the United States, in South America, and even in Japan, have worked for a long time with Roger and Giusa Cayrel. Roger and Giusa had a tremendous influence on us all. They taught us in their discrete way, the care of the observations and the rigor in the interpretation. Besides the presentations of Jun Jugaku and Rene Racine and the presentation of Pierre Couturier of the story of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (presentation which unfortunately does not appear in this book) several papers refer to the role of Roger and Giusa in astronomy. Their contribution to the study of the galactic evolution has been fundamental. Our Milky Way is the galaxy which can be studied in most details. From the study of our Galaxy's old population, one can understand what our Milky Way was like very soon after its birth, at the same stage where we now observe the very distant and thus very 'young' galaxies. The organizers wanted to bring together with Roger and Giusa Cayrel experts of the old Galactic Population, of the distant galaxies and of the galactic evolution. Front Matter....Pages i-xxii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Publications and Citations of Giusa and Roger Cayrel....Pages 3-6 The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the Cosmic Connection....Pages 7-13 Front Matter....Pages 15-15 Primordial Nucleosynthesis....Pages 17-21 Deuterium, Lithium and the Density of the Universe....Pages 23-27 The First Supernovae....Pages 29-35 Supernova Nucleosynthesis, Chemical Evolution, and Cosmic Supernova Rate....Pages 37-47 New Insights into the Early Stage of the Galactic Chemical Evolution....Pages 49-50 Stellar Evolution and the Cosmologial Supernovae Rates....Pages 51-54 New Observations of Galactic Deuterium....Pages 55-56 Light Element Abundances in Field Stars....Pages 57-65 Observing Boron in Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 67-70 Li Be B Energetics and Cosmic Ray Origin....Pages 71-76 Cosmic Lithium-Beryllium-Boron Story....Pages 77-86 Survival of 6 Li, and 7 Li, in Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 87-93 The Lithium Plateau Enigma....Pages 95-96 Effect of Gravity Waves on Transport Process in Stellar Radiative Region....Pages 97-97 Phosphorus Overabundance in Quasars Re-Examined....Pages 99-101 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 The Metallicity Distribution Function of Extremely Low-Metallicity Stars....Pages 105-113 The (Sub)Structure of the Halo....Pages 115-122 Kinematics and Dynamics of the Galactic Stellar Halo....Pages 123-131 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 Abundance Ratios in Extreme Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 133-140 Abundances in Very Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 141-144 Abundances in Globular Clusters....Pages 145-152 Composition Differences Between Globular Cluster and Halo Field Giants....Pages 153-156 O and α-Element Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 157-164 New Views on the Early Evolution of Oxygen in the Galaxy....Pages 165-170 Oxygen Abundances in Solar-Type Stars....Pages 171-174 Kinematics of Nearby Subdwarfs....Pages 175-178 An Estimation of the Galactic Escape Velocity from High-Velocity Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 179-180 Searching for Low Mass Stars in the Halo....Pages 181-182 Strömgren 4-Color Photometry of Very Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 183-184 High Resolution Spectroscopy of Selected Faint Stars....Pages 185-186 G-Dwarf Stars in the Galactic Halo....Pages 187-188 First Dredge-Up and Further Mixing Mechanisms Along the Red Giant Branch in Field Stars....Pages 189-190 Aluminum Abundances on the Red Giant Branch: Testing Helium Mixing as a Second Parameter....Pages 191-192 Blue Horizontal Branch Stars in Four Globular Clusters....Pages 193-194 The Mildly Metal-Poor Globular Cluster M4: Star-to-Star Abundance Variations in 20 Giants....Pages 195-196 Strömgren CCD Photometry of Globular Clusters....Pages 197-198 Old Stellar Populations in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies....Pages 199-206 Globular Clusters in Blue Compact Galaxies as Tracers of the Starburst History....Pages 207-210 Front Matter....Pages 211-211 The Galactic Thick Disk - Status....Pages 213-220 In Situ Study of the Thick Disk. Preliminary Results....Pages 221-224 Dynamical Models of the Thick Disc....Pages 225-230 Faint Stars and the Structure of the Galaxy....Pages 231-232 Wide Binaries Among High-Velocity and Metal-Poor Stars....Pages 233-234 Local Stars as Tracers of Galactic Evolution....Pages 235-241 Eight Gyr Minimum Disk Age From Hipparcos....Pages 243-244 Age-Metallicity Relation and Star Formation History of the Galactic Disk....Pages 245-246 Nearby Stars and the History of the Galactic Disk....Pages 247-248 Abundance Ratios in Metal-Rich Halo and Thick-Disk Stars....Pages 249-256 A Grid of Metal-Poor Model Stellar Atmospheres for Stars Born in the Early Galaxy....Pages 257-258 Pressure Broadening Coefficients for Stellar Applications....Pages 259-260 The Chemical Evolution of Carbon in the Galactic Disk....Pages 261-262 Simultaneous Solutions of Stellar Parameters ( T eff , [Fe/H]) from Synthetic UV BY Strömgren Photometry....Pages 263-264 The Disk Populations in the [MG/H]-[FE/MG] Plane....Pages 265-268 Abundance Gradients in the Outer Galactic Disk....Pages 269-270 Open Clusters as a Record of the Past....Pages 271-278 Sequences of Nearby Open Clusters with Hipparcos....Pages 279-280 Old Open Clusters: Constraints on Disk Age and Evolution....Pages 281-282 Old Open Cluster and the Age of the Galactic Disk....Pages 283-284 Front Matter....Pages 211-211 M 67: An Exhibitor of Metal Abundant Core Helium-Burning Stars....Pages 285-286 Linking Field Metal-Poor Stars and Globular Clusters: The Ease Scenario....Pages 287-288 Stellar Populations in the Near Infrared....Pages 289-290 Carbon Stars in Nearby Local Group Galaxies....Pages 291-299 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 A Brief History of Star Formation and Chemical Enrichment in the Bulge of the Milky Way....Pages 303-309 The Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 311-318 Abundances in Individual Stars of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 319-326 Chemical Abundances of Newly Discovered Planetary Nebulae in the Galactic Bulge....Pages 327-329 The Kinematics and Origin of SMR Stars....Pages 331-336 Age and Metallicity Gradients in the Galactic Bulge....Pages 337-340 The Super Metal Rich Component of the Galaxy....Pages 341-344 Old, Low-Mass, Metal-Rich (SMR) Stars....Pages 345-352 Old Metal-Rich Stars: Kinematics and Orbits....Pages 353-354 Globular Clusters and Field Stars in the Bulge....Pages 355-359 Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Color-Magnitude Diagram of NGC 6287....Pages 361-362 Dark Matter in the Galactic Bulge: A Microlensing Point of View....Pages 363-370 Chemo-Dynamical Effects of Bars in Galactic Evolution....Pages 371-374 Modelisation of the Barred Milky Way....Pages 375-376 Speculations on Bar-Driven Evolution of the Galaxy....Pages 377-378 Formation of Bulges....Pages 379-387 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 Magnesium-to-Iron Ratio in Nuclei and Bulges of Disk Galaxies....Pages 389-390 Chemical Evolution of Bulges with Nuclear Activity....Pages 391-392 Box- and Peanut-Shaped Bulges....Pages 393-394 Front Matter....Pages 395-395 The Evolution of the Milky Way....Pages 397-407 Chemo-Spectral Evolution of the Milky Way and of Spiral Disks....Pages 409-410 Galactic Chemical Evolution: From the Local Disk to the Distant Universe....Pages 411-415 Time-Scale for Accretion of Matter....Pages 417-424 A New Picture for the Galaxy Formation....Pages 425-426 Disentangling Metallicity and Age for Turnoff Stars....Pages 427-430 Metallicities of Nearby K-Dwarfs....Pages 431-432 Study of Early-Type Stars Populations and of Their Origin....Pages 433-434 Spectroscopy of Supergiants with IR-Excesses: RV Tau Type Stars....Pages 435-436 Chemical Abundances of Fast Rotators: Application of the Spectrum Synthesis Method to A and F Type Stars of the Hyades Open Cluster....Pages 437-438 Lithium Lines in Spectra of the Coolest M-Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs — Theoretical Aspects....Pages 439-441 Lithium in X-Ray Selected Active Cool Stars....Pages 443-444 Superlithium HD9746 — a Brilliant Case of NLTE in Stellar Spectra....Pages 445-447 The Fast Evolution of Sakurai’s Object....Pages 449-450 Front Matter....Pages 451-451 Connecting the Distant Universe with the Local Fossil Record....Pages 453-460 Chemical Evolution of the Magellanic Clouds....Pages 461-468 Abundances in Magellanic Clouds Young Clusters: and their Implication on Magellanic Evolution....Pages 469-472 Front Matter....Pages 451-451 Chemo-Dynamical Evolution of Disk Galaxies, Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics Approach....Pages 473-477 The Influence of Merging Events on the Disk Component of Spiral Galaxies....Pages 479-480 Evolutionary Properties of High Redshift Galaxies Seen Through Cluster-Lenses....Pages 481-482 Damped Lyman-α Systems....Pages 483-486 Formation Epoch of Field Early-Type Galaxies....Pages 487-488 Gas-Rich Local Dwarf Star-Forming Galaxies and Their Connection with the Distant Universe....Pages 489-499 Star Formation in Accretion Disks Around Massive Black Holes and Pregalactic Enrichment....Pages 501-505 Star Formation Histories from Faint Galaxy Counts....Pages 507-511 Metallicity Distributions of Elliptical Galaxies and Globular Cluster Systems....Pages 513-521 Field Stars and Star Clusters in M31....Pages 523-529 UV Spectroscopic Dating of Stars and Galaxies....Pages 531-532 Young Stellar Populations at High Z: Where are They?....Pages 533-540 Spectroscopy of Giants of the Sagittarius DWARF Galaxy....Pages 541-544 Front Matter....Pages 545-545 Future Large-Scale Surveys of ‘Interesting’ Stars in the Halo and Thick Disk of the Galaxy....Pages 547-552 Future Prospects for Spectroscopy with Large and Small Telescopes....Pages 553-559 The Detection of Extremely Distant Galaxies....Pages 561-566 Where is SMC1? a Cautionary Tale: Recommendations about Astronomical Objects Designation....Pages 567-568 Concluding Remarks....Pages 569-572 Back Matter....Pages 573-575 This Book Is An Up-to-date Review Of The Basic Elements Directly Connected To The Evolution Of Galaxies. Owing To Recent Advances In Observational Astronomy And Astrophysics, Data Has Recently Become Available About Remote Galaxies, Which Are Consequently In The First Stages Of Their Evolution. It Is Therefore Essential To Link These Data To The Observation Of Very Old Populations In Our Own Galaxy, Which Are The Remnants Of The Populations Which Existed In The First Stages Of Galactic Evolution. In This Meeting, The Relationship Between These Two Different Points Of View Is Emphasized In The Texts Presented By Well-known Specialists As Well As By Young Researchers Active In The Field. The Difficulties Of The Problem And The Remaining Uncertainties Are Discussed. Edited By M. Spite.