Galactic Bulges: Proceedings Of The 153th Symposium Of The International Astronomical Union, Held In Ghent, Belgium, August 17–22, 1992 (international Astronomical Union Symposia)

In the early summer of '89 a very informal meeting on the bulge of our Galaxy was held in Leiden. During that meeting Michael Rich proposed to hold a more properly organised symposium on "Galactic Bulges" in a few years time. After some discussion a Scientific Organising Committee was founded and after some manoeuvring a chairman was chosen, a local organiser was assigned and two editors were given instructions. A good thing about the location of the meeting was that Ghent is a very beautiful city and had never before hosted an IAU symposium. It could be that this, plus the fact that he is a very keen amateur astronomer led H. M. the King of Belgium to offer his patronage to the meeting - an offer that we gratefully and - we hope - gracefully accepted. The meeting took place at a resort some 15 km outside Ghent. Most participants were housed on the premises - a very convenient situation. This feeling of togeth­ erness made up for the small shortcomings of the lecture room, which is normally used as a sports hall. The weather was fair, except on the day of the barbecue when pouring rain forced us to go inside. Front Matter....Pages i-xxi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Review of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 3-20 General Surveys of the Bulge in the Infrared....Pages 21-38 Long-Period Variables and Carbon Stars in the Galactic Bulge....Pages 39-56 OH/IR Stars as Tracers of Galactic Populations....Pages 57-72 Kinematics and Dynamics of OH/IR Stars....Pages 73-86 Bulge K and M Giants....Pages 87-100 The Globular Cluster and Horizontal Branch Content of the Bulge and Halo....Pages 101-116 The Global Properties of Planetary Nebulae in the Galactic Bulge....Pages 117-132 Stellar Population Synthesis....Pages 133-150 Formation and Evolution of Stars in Galactic Bulges....Pages 151-168 The Stellar Population of the Inner 200 Parsecs....Pages 169-190 Dynamics of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 191-208 Kinematics of Extragalactic Bulges: Evidence that some Bulges are Really Disks....Pages 209-230 Photometric Properties of Extragalactic Bulges....Pages 231-242 What is the Connection between Ellipticals and Bulges ?....Pages 243-262 Summary: Achievements and Open Questions....Pages 263-270 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 3D Gas Dynamics in Triaxial Systems....Pages 273-274 Dynamics of the Galactic Bulge from Gas Motions....Pages 275-282 The Bulge of the Milky Way and Cosmic Rays....Pages 283-284 Rapid Gas Fueling in a Barred Potential by Self-Gravitational Instability....Pages 285-286 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 MgI Triplet Lines in Composite Systems....Pages 287-288 Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Baade’s Window....Pages 289-290 Long-period variable AGB stars in a field towards the galactic bulge....Pages 291-292 Preliminary results of the Two Micron Galactic Survey....Pages 293-294 Metallicity of Two Stars in Baade’s Window....Pages 295-296 The Bulge / Halo Interface Rotational Kinematics from [Fe/H] = -3.0 to Solar....Pages 297-298 Detectability of Bulge Stars....Pages 299-300 The Bulge-Halo Transition Region....Pages 301-302 SIO Maser Survey of the Bulge IRAS Sources....Pages 303-308 Cross-Correlation of the Two Micron Galactic Survey with IRAS....Pages 309-310 Microlensing Towards the Galactic Bulge....Pages 311-312 TiO Bands in Composite Systems....Pages 313-314 Kinematics of the Galactic Bulge: The Velocity Ellipsoid....Pages 315-316 Comparing M and K Giants in the Bulge....Pages 317-318 PG3, A field in the Bulge of Our Galaxy: Description of a Galactic Model....Pages 319-322 Star Clusters as Tracers of Galactic Subsystems....Pages 323-324 Stellar Population Synthesis in the Bulge of our Galaxy....Pages 325-326 CCD BVRI Photometry of Stars in the Galactic Bulge....Pages 327-328 The IR Stellar Population Around the Galactic Centre....Pages 329-330 Studies of the Galactic Bulges Using the Post-Theoretical Mass Method....Pages 331-332 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 A Study of the Abundance Distributions along the Minor Axis of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 333-336 The UV and Optical Reddening Law to the Galactic Bulge and CNO Abundances in Bulge Planetary Nebulae....Pages 337-338 Do the OH/IR Stars within 100 PC of the Galactic Center Belong to the Disk Population?....Pages 339-340 Dynamics of OH/IR Stars in the Inner Galactic Bulge....Pages 341-342 Synthetic Photometric Indices for Galactic Globular Clusters....Pages 343-344 HB Morphology and Integrated Spectra of Globular Clusters: A Theoretical Approach....Pages 345-346 Proper Motions: What Dynamical Information Can We Easily Extract from Them?....Pages 347-348 Kinematical Features of the Main Bulge in a Multi-Component Galactic Model....Pages 349-350 Point-Axial Mass Distribution in the External Galactic Bulge....Pages 351-352 The Contribution of the Galactic Bulge to the Galactic Rotation Curve....Pages 353-354 The Construction of Stäckel Potentials for Galactic Dynamical Modelling....Pages 355-356 Two-integral distribution functions for axisymmetric galaxies....Pages 357-358 Two-Integral Models with Almost Circular Orbits....Pages 359-360 Simple Models of Galactic Bulges....Pages 361-362 Generalized isochrone models for spherical stellar systems....Pages 363-366 Bulge and Disk: A Simple Self-Gravitating Model....Pages 367-368 Orbital Elements of Different Galactic Population Objects....Pages 369-370 Orbital Structure of Triaxial Equilibrium Models of Various Shapes....Pages 371-372 Globally Stable Equilibria of Collisionless Self-Gravitating Matter....Pages 373-374 Mixing in Collisionfree Systems....Pages 375-376 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 On the Formation Mechanisms for Ellipticals and Bulges....Pages 377-380 Analytical Models for Rotating and Flattened Perturbations in Bulges....Pages 381-382 Tumbling Instability in Oblate Rotating Stellar Systems....Pages 383-384 Investigating a self-consistent galactic potential with central mass concentration....Pages 385-386 Delayed Formation of Bulges by Dynamical Processes....Pages 387-390 Peanut Shaped Bars....Pages 391-392 The Influence of a Halo on the Evolution of Elliptical Configurations....Pages 393-394 SPH Simulations of the Chemical and Dynamical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge....Pages 395-396 Primeval Starburst and Bulge Formation....Pages 397-398 Secular Evolutionary Trends in Ellipticals and Bulges Due to Mergers....Pages 399-400 Analytical models for ellipticals and bulges with rotation....Pages 401-402 Bulges and ellipticals: can formation mechanisms be the same?....Pages 403-404 The Effect of a Bar on the Kinematics of a Central Ring Structure in NGC4736....Pages 405-406 Kinematic signatures of triaxial stellar systems....Pages 407-408 Colour Gradients in Galaxy Bulges....Pages 409-410 Velocity Dispersions and Metallicities of Box-Shaped Galaxies....Pages 411-412 Photometric Properties of Box-Shaped Galaxies....Pages 413-414 Hot Stellar Populations in the M31 Bulge....Pages 415-416 Line Profiles in the Bulge of NGC7217....Pages 417-418 On the photometric characteristics of ellipticals and bulges of spirals in interacting systems....Pages 419-420 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 The Counter-Rotating Twin Disks in NGC 4550....Pages 421-422 Stellar Kinematic Evidence for Massive Black Holes Revisited....Pages 423-424 Photometric and kinematic properties of disky elliptical galaxies....Pages 425-426 Abundance Jump in the Inner Bulges of Galaxies....Pages 427-428 Stellar Population in the Nuclei of Early-Type Galaxies....Pages 429-430 On the Difference in Formation History between Bulges and Ellipticals....Pages 431-432 The Velocity Fields of Elliptical Galaxies: Constraints on Intrinsic Shapes....Pages 433-434 Triaxiality in the Bulges of Spirals: Dynamical Implications....Pages 435-436 Extracting Kinematics from Spectra: A New Method and NGC 4406....Pages 437-438 Nuclear Molecular Gas in the Virgo Cluster S0 Galaxy NGC 4710....Pages 439-440 IR Imaging of Spiral Galaxy Bulges....Pages 441-442 A triaxial model for the bulge of NGC 4697....Pages 443-444 Back Matter....Pages 445-466 This book contains the proceedings of the first large IAU Symposium dedicated to the bulges of spiral galaxies. Detailed attention is paid to the bulge of our Milky Way system, one of the major building blocks of this system. Topics include the definition of the bulge in our Galaxy and its relation to the so-called spheroid. Discussions are presented to the stars contained in this bulge, their astrophysical properties and their motions. Metallicity variations appear to be present. The possible existence of a bar in the bulge and its origin and future are discussed. The same topics are discussed in (necessarily) less detail for the bulges of other galaxies. The book contains invited reviews given by N. Arimoto, F. Bertola, H. Dejonghe, T. de Zeeuw, M. Franx, I.S. Glass, H.J. Habing, I. King, J. Kormendy, G.W. Preston, R.M. Rich, G. Stansinska, D.M. Terndrup, and P. Whitelock; the Conference Summary is written by K.C. Freeman. Containing invited essays on the bulges of spiral galaxies, this text pays detailed attention to the bulge of the Milky Way, one of the major building blocks of this system. Topics include the definition of the bulge in our galaxy and its relation to the so-called spheroid.