Future Sources of Organic Raw Materials: CHEMRAWN I : CHEMRAWN Chemical Research Applied to Words Needs

Future Sources of Organic Raw Materials: CHEMRAWN I is a collection of lectures presented at the World Conference on Future Sources of Organic Raw Materials, held in Toronto, Canada, on July 10-13, 1978. The conference focused on potential future sources of organic raw materials such as non-conventional fossil hydrocarbons, coal, industrial and agricultural wastes, and renewable resources like wood and other plant materials. This book is comprised of 52 chapters and opens with an assessment of the likely future availability of conventional oil and gas as they relate to possible demands for petrochemical feedstocks, paying particular attention to the availability and demand patterns for fossil hydrocarbons. The following chapters discuss the reserves and worldwide distribution of oil shale and tar sands; climate and its impact on renewable resources; research and management of natural resources; and production of chemicals directly from synthesis gas. Pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous materials is also considered, along with natural rubber production and biomass for non-food use. This monograph will be a useful resource for organic chemists and energy policymakers. Content: ORGANIZING COMMITTEE , Page ii Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv Foreword , Page v , G.R. Brown, L.E. St-Pierre Availability and demand patterns for fossil hydrocarbons , Pages 1-20 , H.R. WARMAN Oil shale and tar sands , Pages 21-32 , ANGELO A. MONTAGNA Coal and the human need for energy , Pages 33-40 , CARL E. BAGGE Availability and demand patterns for renewable resources—Forestry , Pages 41-49 , LENNART G. STOCKMAN Agriculture , Pages 51-62 , R.S. LOOMIS Availability and demand patterns for renewable resources: Urban and industrial wastes , Pages 63-69 , MICHAEL E. HENSTOCK Future of the synthetic chemical industry in Japan , Pages 71-78 , MITSUO YAMAGUCHI Matter: A resource ignored by thermodynamics—Renewable resource economics , Pages 79-87 , NICHOLAS GEORGESCU-ROEGEN The reference materials system—a framework for substitution analysis , Pages 89-98 , N.K. BHAGAT, K.C. HOFFMAN The organic materials system: Toward making practical choices , Pages 99-107 , R. STEPHEN BERRY Climate and its impact on renewable resources , Pages 109-119 , F. KENNETH HARE Changing location of the chemical industry , Pages 121-128 , PETER H. SPITZ, LAWRENCE H. WEISS Research and management of natural resources , Pages 129-135 , RICCARDO GALLI The structure and chemistry of coal: the search for a typical coal molecule , Pages 137-153 , SUJIT K. CHAKRABARTTY Synthesis gas technology , Pages 155-166 , EBERHARD K. GOEKE, ROLF E. WETZEL Chemicals, feedstocks and fuels from Fischer-Tropsch and related syntheses , Pages 167-183 , H. SCHULZ Chemicals production directly from synthesis gas , Pages 185-193 , IRVING WENDER Homogeneous catalysis , Pages 195-209 , JÜRGEN FALBE Heterogeneous catalysis at the end of the century , Pages 211-217 , ROBERT B. ANDERSON Extraction, preparation, transport and storage of solid carbonaceous material , Pages 219-231 , ROBERT A. DURIE The liquefaction of solid carbonaceous materials , Pages 233-255 , L.E. SWABB JR., G.K. VICK, T. ACZEL Pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous materials , Pages 257-267 , W. EISENHUT Prospects for photon-induced syntheses of organic raw materials , Pages 269-281 , MICHAEL J. BERRY Chemicals from tar processing , Pages 283-297 , GERD COLLIN Carbons from selected organic feedstocks , Pages 299-313 , PHILIP L. WALKER JR. Peat as a source of chemical raw materials , Pages 315-323 , P.I. BELKEVICH, I.I. LISHTVAN, G.P. VIRYASOV, G.V. NAUMOVA Limits to the productive capacity of the biosphere , Pages 325-332 , PIETER BURINGH Biomass for non-food use , Pages 333-342 , ROSCOE F. WARD Tropical biomass systems , Pages 343-353 , NORMAN MYERS A new look at natural rubber production , Pages 355-363 , B.C. SEKHAR Organic chemicals from the desert , Pages 365-388 , E. CAMPOS-LÓPEZ, A. ROMÁN ALEMANY Chemical and biological nitrogen fixation , Pages 389-400 , THOMAS A. LARUE Future challenges and opportunities for agricultural and forestry research , Pages 401-412 , SYLVAN H. WITTWER Trends in available feedstock composition , Pages 413-425 , LUCIEN SAJUS Future feedstocks from petroleum—oil and gas: new petroleum production technologies , Pages 427-434 , F. HUGHES New petroleum refining technology , Pages 435-448 , VLADIMIR HAENSEL Advances in production of olefins from residual oils , Pages 449-456 , TAISEKI KUNUGI, DAIZO KUNII, AKITO KOBAYASHI Tar sands and related products as chemical feedstocks , Pages 457-466 , C.W. BOWMAN Oil shales as sources of chemical feedstocks , Pages 467-481 , V.A. PROSKURYAKOV, V.I. YAKOVLEV New aspects of the production of chemicals from biomass , Pages 483-494 , V.P. KARLIVAN The ethanol based economy—the Brazilian experiment , Pages 495-511 , WALTER BORZANI Enzymatic production of chemicals , Pages 513-531 , OSKAR R. ZABORSKY Carbohydrates as renewable feedstocks , Pages 533-542 , J. COOMBS, R. KHAN, R.C. RIGHELATO, A.J. VLITOS Anaerobic microbial digestion as a route to methane and renewable carbon sources , Pages 543-549 , S.J. PIRT Organic chemicals from the sea , Pages 551-563 , V.J. CHAPMAN Fibres to meet the world's expanding needs , Pages 565-577 , EDWIN C. JAHN Solar energy use through biology—past and future , Pages 579-599 , D.O. HALL Photosynthesis and biosynthetic pathways to chemicals , Pages 601-612 , J.A. BASSHAM A new understanding of the carbohydrate system , Pages 613-625 , R.H. MARCHESSAULT, J. ST-PIERRE The challenge of lignin , Pages 627-636 , KNUT KRINGSTAD The future of lipids from plant and animal sources , Pages 637-648 , C. BOELHOUWER Genetic engineering of microorganisms for the production of biomedically and industrially important materials , Pages 649-650 , HERBERT W. BOYER Index of Contributors , Page 651 Conference Editors, L. E. St. Pierre And G. R. Brown ; Sponsored By International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry ; Cosponsored By The Chemical Institute Of Canada And American Chemical Society. Chemrawn-i. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.