Future Health Scenarios : AI and Digital Technologies in Global Healthcare Systems

Digital technologies is a major emerging area to invest and research in new models of health management. Future health scenarios are constituted by technologies in health and clinical decision-making systems. This book provides a unique multidisciplinary approach for exploring the potential contribution of AI and digital technologies in enabling global healthcare systems to respond to urgent twenty-first-century challenges. Deep analysis has been made regarding telemedicine using Big Data, Deep Learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Features: Focuses on prospective scenarios in health to predict possible futures. Addresses the urgent needs of the key population, socio-technical and health themes. Covers health innovative practices as 3D models for surgeries, big data to treat rare diseases, and AI robot for heart treatments. Explores telemedicine using Big Data, Deep Learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Reviews public health based on predictive analytics and disease trends. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, decision support, healthcare technology management, biomedical engineering, and robotics. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Information 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Foreword 10 Preface 12 Contributors 14 About the Editors 18 1 Scenarios for the Future of Healthcare: Moving Towards Smart Hospitals 20 1.1 Introduction 20 1.2 Conceptualization of Smart Hospitals 22 1.3 Methodological Considerations 25 1.4 Interdisciplinary Approach of Smart Hospitals 25 1.5 International Health Innovation Activities 28 1.6 Future Scenarios 31 1.7 Contributions of the Research 33 1.8 Final Considerations 35 References 36 2 People Management in Healthcare: The Challenges in the Era of Digital Disruption 40 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Technological Evolution and Digital Disruption in Healthcare Organizations 41 2.2.1 Perspectives of Human Resources Management 43 2.2.2 Challenges to the Integration of the Digital HRM in Healthcare Organizations 46 2.3 Proposal for an Integrated People Management Model 50 2.4 Conclusion 53 References 53 3 Managing Acute Patient Flows in Hospitals 56 3.1 Introduction 56 3.1.1 Healthcare Challenges: Managing Acute Patient Flows 56 3.2 Process and Flow Management 58 3.2.1 Principles and Challenges 58 3.3 Processes and Flow: A Theoretical Overview 58 3.3.1 Process Versus Flow 58 3.3.2 Frameworks On Flow Dynamics 59 3.4 Process and Flow: A Technical Management View 60 3.4.1 Process Principles and Practices 60 3.4.2 Flow Management Principles and Practices 61 3.5 Process and Flow: A Social Management View 64 3.6 Context: The Hospital 68 3.6.1 An Overview of the Case 68 3.6.2 Acute Patient Flows: Challenges 68 3.6.3 Some Words About the Method 69 3.7 Lessons Learned 70 3.7.1 Clear Functions and Roles in Patient Flows 70 3.7.2 Apply Production and Capacity Planning to Level Out Flows 71 3.7.3 Evaluate Acute Flows 72 3.7.4 Improve Collaboration Between Professional Groups 73 3.7.5 Manage and Support Coordination and Integration 74 3.7.6 Involve Professional Groups in Managerial Decisions 74 3.8 Conclusions 75 Notes 75 References 75 4 Influence of Commercial Excellence and Digital in Healthcare Professionals Relationships Management: A Pharmaceutical Focus Group Study 80 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Literature Review 82 4.2.1 Pharma Commercial Excellence 82 4.2.2 Digital in Commercial Pharmaceuticals 85 4.3 Methodological Approach 87 4.3.1 Focus Group Questions 90 4.3.2 Focus Group Key Takeaways and Raised Points 91 4.3.3 Key Observations From the Focus Group Interviews 95 4.4 Conclusions 98 4.4.1 Limitations and Future Recommendations 98 4.4.2 Conclusions 99 References 103 5 Psychology On the Edge of Health Tech Challenges 104 5.1 Introduction 104 5.2 Psychology/Psychotherapy and the Paradigm of Relationship 106 5.3 Psychology and Online Intervention 109 5.4 Clinical and Health Psychology 111 References 113 6 Perceptions of Clients On Quality of Health Services 116 6.1 Introduction 116 6.2 Theoretical Reference 118 6.2.1 Knowledge Transition 118 6.2.2 Quality Services 118 6.2.3 Quality Management in Health Care Services 120 6.3 Methodology 121 6.4 Results and Discussion 122 6.4.1 Effects On Customers’ Reliability 122 6.5 Final Considerations 127 References 128 7 Innovation Management Applied to Primary Care: An Integrative Review 132 7.1 Introduction 132 7.2 Methodology 133 7.3 Analysis and Discussion of Results 134 7.3.1 Analysis of Article 1 138 7.3.2 Analysis of Article 2 141 7.3.3 Analysis of Article 3 142 7.3.4 Analysis of Article 4 143 7.3.5 Analysis of Article 5 143 7.4 Innovation Management and Primary Health Care 145 7.5 Final Conclusion 145 References 146 8 The Spinner Innovation and Knowledge Flow for Future Health Scenarios Applications 148 8.1 Introduction 148 8.2 Methodology 149 8.3 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 150 8.3.1 Systematic Review 150 8.3.2 Meta-Analysis 155 8.4 How Can Spinner Innovation and Knowledge Flow Help Human Resources (HR) to Become Digital Human Resource Management? 157 8.5 Conclusion and Discussion 160 8.6 Implications 161 8.7 Future Research Directions 162 Acknowledgements 162 Appendices 163 References 164 9 Reshaping Flows in Healthcare Systems?: Digital Technologies Are the Perfect Ally 168 9.1 Introduction: Understanding Flows Within Healthcare Systems 168 9.1.1 Logistics, Operations Management and Supply Chain Management Concepts – How Do These Apply When Considering Both Goods and Patient Flows? 169 9.2 Tangible and Intangible Logistics in Healthcare Settings 172 9.2.1 Tangible Logistics in Healthcare 172 9.2.2 Intangible Logistics in Healthcare 174 9.3 Use and Impact of Digital Technologies in Healthcare Settings 176 9.3.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 177 9.3.2 Machine Learning as an Artificial Intelligence Technique 177 9.3.3 AI Potential and Applications in Healthcare 177 9.3.3.1 Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare 178 9.3.3.2 Internet of Things (IoT) 180 9.3.3.3 3D Printing 181 9.3.3.4 Big Data 182 9.3.3.5 Cloud Services 183 9.3.3.6 Blockchain 183 9.4 Conclusion 184 References 185 10 Work With Me, Don’t Just Talk at Me: When “Explainable” Is Not Enough 188 10.1 Introduction 188 10.2 The Disruptive Introduction of Technology 190 10.3 The Ethics of Medical Care 195 10.4 “Big Data” in Data-Driven Advanced Technologies 196 10.5 Explainable AI 198 10.6 A Note On Clinicians and Work 200 10.7 The Likelihood of Advanced Technology Acceptance 201 10.8 Recommendations 204 10.9 Conclusions 205 Acknowledgements 205 Notes 205 References 206 11 Application of Mobile Technologies in Healthcare During Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown 212 11.1 Introduction 213 11.2 Conceptual Framework 214 11.2.1 Mobile Technology 214 11.2.2 Mobile Technology in Healthcare – Mhealth 215 11.3 Material and Method 217 11.4 Results 217 11.4.1 Profile of Participants 217 11.4.1.1 Do You Own a Mobile Technology Device? 217 11.4.2 Are You Permitted to Use Your Mobile Devices at Workplace During Clinical Practice? 218 11.4.3 To What Extent Do Participants Use Mobile Technologies for Health Purposes During the COVID-19 Lockdown? 219 11.4.4 Barriers to the Use of Mobile Technologies in Health Setting 220 11.5 Discussion of Findings 221 11.6 Conclusion 222 11.7 Future Work 222 Competing Interest 223 References 223 12 Application of Pattern Recognition in Taste Perception for Healthcare: An Exploratory Study 226 12.1 Introduction 227 12.2 Motivation 228 12.3 Contribution 228 12.4 Related Works 229 12.5 Pattern Recognition Models Used in Taste Perception Analysis 232 12.5.1 Supervised Algorithm 232 12.5.1.1 Logistic Regression 232 12.5.1.2 Linear Discriminant Analysis 234 12.5.1.3 Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy 236 12.5.2 Unsupervised Algorithm 237 12.5.2.1 Hierarchical Clustering 237 12.5.2.2 Principal Component Analysis 239 12.6 Application Areas 239 12.6.1 Application in Healthcare 240 12.6.2 Application in Culture 240 12.6.3 Application in Agriculture 240 12.6.4 Application in Food Science 241 12.7 Sensors Used to Acquire Taste Perception 241 12.7.1 Introduction to Electroencephalogram 241 12.7.2 Introduction to Electronic Tongue 242 12.7.3 Introduction to Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) 243 12.7.4 Multichannel Sensor 243 12.7.5 Smart Chemical Sensor 243 12.7.6 Introduction to Electrogustometry 244 12.7.7 Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) 244 12.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 244 References 245 13 New Perspectives for Knowledge Management in Telemedicine: Preliminary Findings From a Case Study in the COVID-19 Era 250 13.1 Introduction 250 13.2 Literature Review 251 13.3 Methodology 254 13.4 Findings 254 13.5 Discussions and Conclusions 256 References 256 14 Prioritization of Quality of Public Health Services in the Sector of Graphic Methods: University Hospital 260 14.1 Introduction 260 14.2 Theoretical Framework 262 14.2.1 Hospital Management With an Emphasis On the Quality of Public Health Services 262 14.3 Methodological Procedures 264 14.3.1 Data Collection Procedures 265 14.3.2 Data Analysis Procedures 266 14.4 Discussion of Results 267 14.4.1 Profile of Professionals 267 14.4.2 AHP Method Prioritizing the Actions of the Investigated Sector 268 14.5 Final Considerations 271 References 272 15 Telework and Conflict (Work–Family and Work–Family): What Is the Effect On Occupational Stress? 276 15.1 Introduction 276 15.2 Literature Review 277 15.2.1 Work–Family Conflict, Family–Work Conflict and Performance 277 15.2.2 Work–Family Conflict, Family–Work Conflict and Occupational Stress 278 15.2.3 Occupational Stress and Performance 278 15.2.4 Mediating Effect of Occupational Stress 278 15.3 Method 279 15.3.1 Data Collection Procedure 279 15.3.2 Participants 279 15.3.3 Data Analysis Procedure 280 15.3.4 Measures 280 15.4 Results 281 15.5 Discussion and Conclusions 284 15.6 Final Considerations 285 References 286 Index 288 "Digital technologies are a major sector to invest and research in new models of health management. Future health scenarios are constituted by technologies in health, and clinical decision-making systems. This book provides unique multidisciplinary approach for exploring the potential contribution of AI and digital technologies in enabling global healthcare systems to respond to urgent 21st century challenges. Deep analysis has been made regarding telemedicine using big data, deep learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Features: Focusses on prospective scenarios in health to foresight possible futures. Addresses the urgent needs of the key population, socio-technical, and health themes. Covers health innovative practices as 3D models for surgeries, big data to treat rare diseases, AI robot for heart treatments. Explores telemedicine using big data, deep learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications. Reviews public health based on predictive analytics and disease trends. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in computer science, artificial intelligence, decision support, healthcare technology management, biomedical engineering, and robotics"-- Provided by publisher This book provides unique multidisciplinary approach for exploring the potential contribution of AI and digital technologies in enabling global healthcare systems to respond to urgent twenty first century challenges. Deep analysis has been made regarding telemedicine using big data, deep learning, robotics, mobile and remote applications.