مبانی محاسبات موازی

FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY (FPGAs) belong to the family of programmable logic devices and designing with FPGAs require knowledge of digital design. The book begins with an overview of Boolean Algebra and Logic Design followed by topics on Programmable Logic Devices. Introduction to Field programmable devices is then explained right from the basic FPGA which was used as glue logic to present day very advanced FPGA used in Embedded Systems including military and space applications. Further, it goes on to discuss the evolution of Xilinx, Altera/Intel and Actel/Microsemi FPGAs and their architectural features, and includes many design examples in VHDL and a brief introduction to System Verilog. The last three chapters discuss the Xilinx FPGA design flow completely from architectural specification to obtaining a bit stream to be loaded into the FPGA.Testing methodologies and design exercises using Spartan Series and the important research issues of FPGA Security along with the Future of FPGAs for the next two decades are described as well. Annotation When we think about processor intensive applications, we think about parallel computing. This book discusses what parallel computing is and how it can be achieved. Parallel computing cannot be achieved by hardware or software alone, but by a combination of these two. At the lowest level, this book describes the operating system characteristics that are necessary to achieve parallelism. At the programming level, we must have an algorithm that maps tasks to different processors and executes them simultaneously. Another important aspect of parallelism is parallel hardware. Parallel hardware has the capability to execute multiple instructions simultaneously. Thus parallel hardware, operating system, and parallel algorithm together form a parallel system capable of achieving parallelism. Computing cost is another aspect of parallel computing. While developing a parallel algorithm, it is necessary to make sure that its cost is optimal. This book discusses all these aspects of parallel computing alongwith cost optimal algorithms with examples to make sure that students get familiar with it. After reading this book a student should have enough knowledge to develop his own parallel algorithm for a given problem