Fundamentals of Mechanical Ventilation: A Short Course on the Theory and Application of Mechanical Ventilators 1st edition by Chatburn, Robert L. (2003) Paperback

INTRODUCTION TO VENTILATION......Page 19 True or False......Page 22 Multiple Choice......Page 23 Key Ideas......Page 24 Types of Ventilators......Page 25 High Frequency Ventilators......Page 26 Negative Pressure Ventilators......Page 27 Control System......Page 28 Alarms......Page 29 Waveform Displays......Page 30 Loop Displays......Page 31 Definitions......Page 32 Multiple Choice......Page 33 Key Ideas......Page 34 HOW VENTILATORS WORK......Page 35 Power Transmission and Conversion......Page 36 The Basic Model of Breathing (Equation of Motion)......Page 37 Control Circuit......Page 43 Control Variables......Page 44 Flow......Page 45 Trigger Variable......Page 46 Time Triggering......Page 47 Patient Triggering......Page 48 Limit Variable......Page 49 Cycle Variable......Page 50 Flow Cycling......Page 51 Time Cycling......Page 52 Machine versus Patient Cycling......Page 53 Baseline Variable......Page 55 Modes of Ventilation......Page 59 Primary Breath Control Variable......Page 60 Dual Control......Page 61 Breath Sequence (Mandatory vs. Spontaneous Breaths)......Page 66 Control Type......Page 70 Phase Variables......Page 75 The Complete Specification......Page 76 Alarm Systems......Page 79 Control Circuit Alarms......Page 82 Failure to Return to Baseline......Page 83 Inappropriate Expiratory Time......Page 84 Definitions......Page 85 True or False......Page 87 Multiple Choice......Page 89 Key Ideas......Page 98 Volume Control vs. Pressure Control......Page 100 The Time Constant......Page 108 Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV)......Page 112 Indications......Page 113 Example......Page 114 Indications......Page 116 Example......Page 117 Indications......Page 120 Example......Page 121 Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)......Page 122 Indications......Page 123 Example......Page 124 Example......Page 125 Pressure Control......Page 126 Example......Page 130 Example......Page 131 True or False......Page 132 Multiple Choice......Page 134 Key Ideas......Page 137 Rapid Interpretation of Graphic Displays......Page 139 Waveform Display Basics......Page 140 Volume Controlled Ventilation......Page 141 Predicting the Effects of Changes in Mechanics......Page 143 Pressure Controlled Ventilation......Page 146 Predicting the Effects of Changes in Mechanics......Page 149 Volume Controlled vs. Pressure Controlled Ventilation......Page 152 Effects of the Patient Circuit......Page 156 Idealized Waveform Displays......Page 160 Exponential......Page 162 Ramp......Page 163 Ascending Ramp......Page 164 Recognizing Modes......Page 165 VC-CMV......Page 167 PC-CMV(rectangular pressure waveform)......Page 168 PC-IMV (exponential pressure waveform)......Page 169 DC-CMV (dual control between breaths)......Page 170 DC-CMV (dual control within breaths: pressure control to volume control)......Page 171 DC-CMV (dual control within breaths: volume control to pressure control)......Page 172 VC-IMV (unassisted spontaneous breaths)......Page 174 VC-IMV (assisted spontaneous breaths)......Page 175 PC-IMV......Page 176 DC-IMV......Page 177 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)......Page 179 Pressure Support......Page 180 Proportional Assist......Page 181 Appropriate Scales......Page 183 Leak......Page 184 Sensitivity......Page 185 Inspiratory Flow Too Low......Page 186 Inspiratory Time Too Short......Page 188 Expiratory Time Too Short (autoPEEP)......Page 189 Asynchrony (PC-IMV)......Page 190 Asynchrony (closed exhalation valve)......Page 191 Pressure-Volume Loop......Page 193 Static Pressure-Volume Loop (compliance curves)......Page 195 Static Pressure-Volume Curve (optimum ventilator settings)......Page 196 Dynamic Pressure-Volume Loop (idealized; volume control)......Page 197 Dynamic Pressure-Volume Loop (real; volume control)......Page 198 Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curve (idealized; pressure control)......Page 199 Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curve (real; pressure control)......Page 200 Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curve (C20/Cdyn index)......Page 201 Flow-Volume Loop......Page 203 Volume Control (idealized)......Page 204 Volume Control (real; normal vs. COPD)......Page 205 Volume Control (real; pre-post bronchodilator)......Page 206 Pressure Control (idealized)......Page 207 Mean Airway Pressure......Page 208 Calculating Respiratory System Mechanics: Static vs. Dynamic......Page 210 Compliance......Page 212 Dynamic Characteristic......Page 214 Resistance......Page 215 Time Constant......Page 217 Pressure-Time Product......Page 218 Rapid Shallow Breathing Index......Page 219 AutoPEEP......Page 220 Work of Breathing......Page 221 True or False......Page 229 Multiple Choice......Page 231 Key Ideas......Page 236 Multiple Choice......Page 238 Definitions......Page 239 True or False......Page 240 Definitions......Page 241 True or False......Page 247 Multiple Choice......Page 248 Review and Consider......Page 250 Definitions......Page 259 True or False......Page 260 Key ideas......Page 262 Review and Consider......Page 263 Definitions......Page 271 True or False......Page 273 Multiple Choice......Page 274 Key ideas......Page 275 Review and Consider......Page 276