Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)

Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement – from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions. Written by a team of qualified experts who have been involved in the design of thermonuclear reactors for over 50 years Outlines the most important features of the ITER project in France which is building the largest tokamak, including the design, material selection, safety and economic considerations Includes data on how to design magnetic fusion reactors using CAD tools, along with relevant regulatory documents Content: Cover Title Page Copyright Page Book Summary Contents List of Contributors Preface Acknowledgements Disclaimer Abbreviations Designations Chapter 1 -- Engineering and Physical Principles of the Magnetic Fusion Reactor Operation 1.1 -- Introduction 1.2 -- Physical Basis of Fusion Power Engineering 1.3 -- Basic Correlations References Chapter 2 -- Facilities With Magnetic Plasma Confinement 2.1 -- Introduction 2.2 -- Overview 2.2.1 -- Tokamaks 2.2.2 -- Stellarators 2.2.3 -- Magnetic Mirrors 2.2.4 -- Hybrid Systems 2.2.5 -- Pinches 2.2.6 -- Spheromaks 2.3 -- Structure and Typical Parameters of Tokamak Reactors2.4 -- Physical and Engineering Limitations for Parameter Selection 2.5 -- Engineering Requirements to Main Functional Systems 2.5.1 -- Magnet System 2.5.2 -- In-Chamber Conditions: Breakdown 2.5.3 -- Force Loads on Tokamak Components 2.5.4 -- Fuel Cycle: Demand for Tritium 2.5.5 -- Radiation Shielding 2.6 -- Stellarators 2.6.1 -- Functional Layout and Key Characteristics 2.6.2 -- Research Facilities 2.6.3 -- Stellarator Fusion Reactor References Chapter 3 -- ITER -- International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 3.1 -- Introduction 3.2 -- ITER Reactor Configuration and Main Characteristics3.3 -- Magnet System 3.3.1 -- Toroidal Field Coils 3.3.2 -- Poloidal Field Coils 3.3.3 -- Central Solenoid and Correction Coils 3.4 -- Vacuum Vessel 3.5 -- In-vessel Components 3.5.1 -- First-Wall Panels 3.5.2 -- Divertor 3.6 -- Thermal Shields 3.7 -- Cryostat 3.8 -- Reactor Assembly Appendix A.3.1 Quality Assurance Programme for Reactor Design References Chapter 4 -- Simulation of Electromagnetic Fields 4.1 -- Introduction 4.2 -- Stationary and Quasi-stationary Fields 4.3 -- Stationary Field Analysis and Synthesis 4.3.1 -- Stationary Field Analysis4.3.2 -- Stationary Field Synthesis 4.3.3 -- Ripple of the Tokamak Toroidal Field 4.4 -- Analysis of Electromagnetic Transients 4.4.1 -- Calculation and Methodological Basics 4.4.2 -- Sources of Transient Fields 4.4.3 -- Global Computational Models Based on Conducting Shells 4.4.4 -- 3D Computational Models 4.4.5 -- Computation of Potentials: Global and Local Model Integration Appendix A.4.1 Example of How to Synthesise a Ferromagnetic Insert Appendix A.4.2 Examples of FE Meshing of Conducting Shell Models for ITER Components Appendix A.4.3 Examples of 3D FE Meshes for Massive Conducting Structures of ITERReferences Chapter 5 -- Superconducting Magnet Systems 5.1 -- Introduction 5.2 -- Superconducting Magnet Systems of Electrophysical Facilities 5.2.1 -- Summary Characteristics of Superconducting Magnets 5.2.2 -- ITER Magnets 5.3 -- Physical and Mechanical Properties of Superconductors 5.3.1 -- Flux Pinning 5.3.2 -- Critical Characteristics 5.3.3 -- Intrinsic Stabilisation 5.4 -- Winding Superconductors 5.4.1 -- Normal Phase Effect 5.4.2 -- Forced-Flow Cooled Superconducting Cables 5.4.3 -- Basic Superconducting Strands Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement {u2013} from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions