Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional

Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional provides safety managers with a guide for incorporating fire hazard awareness and protection into their safety management plans. Industrial fires pose one of the greatest threats to organizations in terms of financial, human, and property losses. Understanding fire safety basics, the physics of fire, and the properties and classes of common hazards is key to designing fire safety management programs that not only protect an organization’s assets but also ensure the safe evacuation of all involved. Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional takes an in-depth look at fire hazards in the workplace—from the substances required to do business to the building construction itself—and provides practical fire safety principles that can be applied in any work environment. Readers will learn how to develop emergency action plans and fire prevention plans, implement effective alarm and detection systems and fire extinguishment systems, and develop a comprehensive fire program management plan that is in compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Fire Protection Association standards. Each chapter includes a chapter summary and sample problems, making this an ideal training tool in the workplace or the classroom. Answers to chapter questions and a comprehensive glossary and index are provided at the end of the book. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Industrial Fire Protection Fire Protection and Fire Prevention Wildfires The Threat Planning Impacts Mitigation Importance of Fire Safety Historical Major Fire Losses in the United States Trends in Fires in the United States Economic Impact of Industrial Fires in the United States International Fire Experience The Industrial Fire Experience in the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Fire Safety Sources of Information Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Fire Protection Association United States Fire Administration Summary Chapter Questions References Chapter 2: Chemistry and Physics of Fire Fire Tetrahedron Combustion Unique Combustion Phenomena Heat versus Temperature Heat of Combustion Heat Transfer Sources of Heat Physics of Combustion Fire Hazards of Materials Wood Masonry/Stone Metals Gypsum Synthetic Materials Textiles Hazardous Materials Sources of Information on Hazardous Materials Chapter Questions References Chapter 3: Common and Special Hazards Electricity as an Ignition Source Human Error in Electrical Fires Hazardous Locations and the National Electrical Code Class I Locations Class II Locations Class III Locations Defining Hazardous Locations Safe Design of Electrical Equipment Class I Electrical Equipment Requirements Class II Electrical Equipment Requirements Class III Electrical Equipment Requirements Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids Classification Systems for Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA Classification System Globally Harmonized System GHS Categories of Flammable Liquids Upper and Lower Explosive Limits OSHA’s Requirements for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage and Handling Containers and Portable Tanks Transferring Flammable and Combustible Liquids Storage Cabinets Inside Storage Rooms Storage Tanks Outside Aboveground Tanks Underground Tanks Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading Workplace Practices Controlling Sources of Ignition Maintenance and Repairs Housekeeping Hydrogen Liquefied Hydrogen Systems Acetylene Oxygen Liquefied Petroleum Gas Tank Car and Truck Loading or Unloading Chapter Questions References Chapter 4: Mechanical and Chemical Explosions Anatomy of an Explosion Explosives and Blasting Agents Labels and Placards Explosives Handling and Storage Procedures Transporting Explosives Use of Explosives and Blasting Agents Oxidizing Agents Ammonium Nitrate Storage of Ammonium Nitrate Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosions Derailment of Toledo, Peoria, and Western Railroad Company’s Train No. 20, Crescent City, Illinois Dust Explosions Cylinder Failures Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels Boiler Maintenance Chapter Questions References Chapter 5: Building Construction Basic Terminology Structural Elements Characteristics of Building Materials Steel Wood Masonry and Brick Reinforced Concrete Gypsum Fire Resistance Ratings Major Types of Building Construction Fire Protection Features Fire Spread Protection of Openings in Fire Walls Impact of Ventilation on Building Fires and Smoke Movement Interior Finish Building Contents Fire Loading Occupancy and Commodity Classifications Unique Risks for Fire in High-Rise Buildings Building Codes International Building Code Chapter Questions REFERENCES Chapter 6: Life Safety in Buildings Loss of Life in Buildings Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Station Night Club Fire Human Behavior During Emergencies Origin and Development of Life Safety Codes and Regulations Building Occupancies and Life Safety General Requirements for Means of Egress Exit Access Exit Exit Discharge Capacity of Means of Egress Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems Building Services Emergency Action Plans Maintenance of Means of Egress Chapter Questions References Chapter 7: Hazardous Processes Processes Involving Flammable and Combustible Liquids Electrostatic Spray Operations Spray Booths Sources of Ignition Ventilation Flammable and Combustible Liquids: Storage and Handling Fire Protection Operations and Maintenance Drying, Curing, and Fusion Apparatuses Aerated Powder Coating Operations Electrostatic Fluidized Beds Dip Tanks and Coating Operations Design and Construction of Dipping and Coating Equipment and Systems Overflow Prevention Liquid Level Control Control of Liquid Temperature Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition Ventilation Storage, Handling, and Distribution of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Liquid Piping Systems Fire Protection Operations and Maintenance Inspection and Testing Training Chapter Questions References Chapter 8: Alarm and Detection Systems NFPA 72 Classifications for Fire Alarm Systems Power Supplies for Alarm Systems Initiating Devices Basic Considerations for Installation Selection of Initiating Devices Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors Location of Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors: Spot Versus Line Devices Smoke-Sensing Fire Detectors Location and Spacing of Smoke Detectors Radiant-Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors Location and Spacing of Radiant-Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors Sprinkler Water Flow Alarm-Initiating Devices Signal Annunciation Notification Devices Audible and Visible Criteria of Notification Devices Reporting Systems Public Fire Alarm Systems Central Station Fire Alarm Systems Proprietary Supervising Station Systems Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Alarm Systems Chapter Questions References Chapter 9: Fire Extinguishment Classifications of Fires Extinguishing Agents Water Water Use on Special Hazards Carbon Dioxide Halogenated Extinguishing Agents Dry Chemical Extinguishing Agents Wet Chemical Extinguishing Agents Foam Extinguishing Agents Combustible Metal Extinguishing Agents Portable Fire Extinguishers Labeling Fire Extinguisher Rating Systems Fire Extinguisher Use in the Workplace Fire Extinguisher Distribution and Mounting Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing Training Water-Based Sprinkler Systems Impact of Sprinkler Systems on Fires Types of Sprinkler Systems Sprinkler System Components Water Supply and Distribution Sprinkler Piping Sprinkler System Valves Water Flow Alarms and Supervisory Initiating Devices Sprinkler Heads Fire Department Connections Sprinkler-System Inspections Fire Hydrants Standpipe and Hose Systems Chapter Questions References Chapter 10: Fire Program Management Introduction Hazard Identification Quantification of Risk Fire Protection and Prevention Strategies Measurement of the Effectiveness of Fire Strategies Emergency-Response Plans Federal Regulations Related to Emergency Response FEMA OSHA OSHA Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.38 OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.120 OSHA Chemical Process Safety Management: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.119 OSHA Fire Brigades: 29 C.F.R. § 1910.156 EPA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Title III Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act NFPA 1600: Recommended Practice for Emergency Management Planning an Emergency-Response Strategy Developing the Written Emergency-Response Plan Emergency Medical Care Training Personal Protective Equipment Media Control Recovery After an Emergency Investigation of Emergency Incidents Maintenance of Fire Protection Systems Fire Inspections Hot Work Permit Programs Chapter Questions References Chapter 11: Creating a Comprehensive Emergency and Evacuation Plan Action Plan and Evacuation What Does It Do? What Does It Contain? The Emergency Management Team Identifying Team Members and Responsibilities Internal and External Support Identifying Vendors and Contractors Emergency Floor Plans Critical Building Information Fire Extinguishers and Means of Egress Fire Suppression Systems Preplanning and the Urban Search and Rescue Grid Alarm Systems Understanding Your System Regular Testing The Command Center Off-site Data Storage Lack of Electricity Does Not Mean “Go Home” Eight Steps to Creating the Finished Emergency Action Plan Reviewing the Emergency Action Plan Annually Training, Drills, and Evacuations Training the Emergency Action Team Revising the Emergency Action Plan Training the Employees Floor Captains and Fire Brigades Shut Down Procedures in an Evacuation Assisting Those with Special Needs in an Evacuation Use of Elevators for Exit Evacuation Assistance Devices Areas of Refuge The Evacuation Staging Area Accounting for Employees and Visitors The Chain of Command in an Evacuation Fire Brigade Floor Captains Group Leader Runner Command Post Leader Those Who Refuse to Participate in Evacuation Drills The Reentry Process after an Evacuation After the Drill: Evaluating Performance Post-Event Restoration Activating the Emergency Response Team Post-Event Access Assessing the Damage Insurance and Salvage Decisions The Restoration Phase Logistics Do Not Forget about Safety Monitoring Restoration Progress Keeping the Lines of Communication Open Communication with Employees Communication with Families Communication with Insurance Providers Communication with Government Agencies Communication with Customers and Stakeholders Reference Appendix: Building Design Guidelines for Emergency Mitigation Identifying Threats Risk Assessment Building and Site Mitigation Interior: Limited Access Interior: Public Access Point of Entry Exterior: Building Perimeter Exterior: Parking and Other Off-site Areas Exterior: Neighbors Structures Windows and Doors: The Weakest Link Exterior Frame Roof System Floor System Interior Columns Interior Walls Structural Exterior Wall/Cladding Design Mechanical and Electrical Systems Emergency Egress Routes Emergency Power System Ventilation Systems Fire Control Center Emergency Elevators Smoke, Fire Detection, and Alarm Systems Sprinkler/Standpipe System Smoke-Control Systems Communication System Protective Bollards, Planters, and Green Space Virtual Reality Software and Related Technology Post-failure Analysis Mitigation Assessment Team Program Glossary Index