Fundamentals of computers : for undergraduate courses in commerce and management

Cover Contents Preface Chapter Organisation Acknowledgements Feedback Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Characteristics of Computers 1.3 Development of Computers 1.3.1 Some Early Computers 1.4 Generations of Computers 1.4.1 First Generation (1940–56): Vacuum Tubes 1.4.2 Second Generation (1956–63): Transistors 1.4.3 Third Generation (1964–Early 1970s): Integrated Circuits 1.4.4 Fourth Generation (Early 1970s–Till Date): Microprocessors 1.4.5 Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence 1.5 Classification of Computers 1.5.1 Classification According to urpose 1.5.2 Classification According to Type of Data-Handled Techniques 1.5.3 Classification According to Functionality 1.6 The Computer System 1.6.1 Basic Components of a Computer System 1.7 Types of Input Devices 1.7.1 Keyboard 1.7.2 Pointing Devices 1.7.3 Digital Camera 1.7.4 Scanners 1.7.5 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 1.7.6 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR ) 1.7.7 Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) 1.7.8 Bar Code Reader 1.8 Types of Output Devices 1.8.1 Printers 1.8.2 Plotters 1.8.3 Computer Monitor 1.9 Types of Memory 1.9.1 Primary Memory 1.9.2 Secondary Memory 1.10 Applications of Computer Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 2: Number Systems and Computer Codes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Number System 2.2.1 Types of Number Systems 2.2.2 Conversion between Number Bases 2.3 Computer Arithmetic 2.3.1 Binary Arithmetic 2.3.2 Octal Arithmetic 2.3.3 Hexadecimal Arithmetic 2.4 Coding Schemes 2.4.1 BCD 2.4.2 ASCII 2.4.3 EBCDIC Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 3: Introduction to Computer Software 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Computer Software 3.2.1 Relationship between Software and Hardware 3.3 Categories of Software 3.3.1 System Software 3.3.2 Application Software Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 4: Computer Programs and Languages 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Developing a Computer Program 4.2.1 Program Development Cycle 4.3 Algorithm 4.4 Flowchart 4.4.1 Importance of Flowcharts 4.4.2 Flowchart Symbols 4.4.3 Guidelines for Preparing Flowcharts 4.4.4 Flowchart Structures 4.4.5 Some Sample Flowcharts 4.4.6 Limitations of Flowcharts 4.5 Computer Languages 4.5.1 Types of Programming Languages 4.6 Generations of Computer Languages 4.6.1 First Generation: Machine Language 4.6.2 Second Generation: Assembly Language 4.6.3 Third Generation: High-level Language 4.6.4 Fourth Generation: 4GL 4.6.5 Fifth Generation: Very High-level Languages Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 5: Operating System: MS-DOS and Windows 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Operating System: Definition 5.3 Evolution of Operating System 5.4 Types of Operating System 5.5 Functions of Operating System 5.5.1 Process Management 5.5.2 Memory Management 5.5.3 File Management 5.5.4 Device Management 5.5.5 Security Management 5.5.6 User Interface 5.6 Working with MS-DOS 5.6.1 Using MS-DOS Commands 5.7 Modern Operating Systems 5.7.1 Windows 2000 5.7.2 Windows Vista Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 6: Windows XP 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Features of Windows XP 6.3 Starting Windows XP 6.4 The Desktop 6.4.1 Taskbar 6.4.2 Customising Taskbar 6.4.3 Desktop Icons 6.4.4 Customising Desktop 6.5 My Computer 6.6 Working with Files and Folders 6.6.1 Recycle Bin 6.7 Windows Explorer 6.8 Windows Help and Support Center 6.9 Searching in Windows XP 6.10 System Utilities in Windows XP 6.11 Control Panel 6.12 Windows Accessories 6.12.1 Calculator 6.12.2 Notepad 6.12.3 Paint Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 7: Microsoft office Word 2003 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Starting Microsoft Office Word 2003 7.2.1 Microsoft Word Environment 7.2.2 Getting Help 7.3 Working with Word 2003 Documents 7.3.1 Creating a New Document 7.3.2 Opening an Existing Document 7.3.3 Saving a Document 7.3.4 Closing a Document and Exiting Microsoft Word 7.4 Working with Text 7.4.1 Inserting Text 7.4.2 Selecting Text 7.4.3 Formatting the Text 7.4.4 Aligning and Indenting Text 7.4.5 Formatting Style 7.4.6 Format Painter 7.4.7 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Word 7.4.8 Finding and Replacing Text 7.4.9 Undo and Redo 7.4.10 Bullets and Numbering 7.4.11 Header and Footer 7.5 Working with Tables 7.5.1 Table Properties 7.5.2 Moving and Resizing Table 7.5.3 Formatting Text in Table 7.5.4 Adding and Deleting Rows and Columns 7.5.5 Converting Text to Table 7.5.6 Converting Table to Text 7.6 Checking Spelling and Grammar 7.6.1 Using the Auto Spell and Auto Grammar Features 7.6.2 Using Spelling and Grammar Dialog Box 7.6.3 Using Auto Correct Options 7.6.4 Using Synonyms and Thesaurus 7.7 Adding Graphics to Document 7.7.1 Pictures 7.7.2 Editing a Picture 7.7.3 Drawing Objects 7.8 Mail Merge 7.8.1 Components of a Mail Merge 7.8.2 Mail Merge Steps 7.9 Printing a Document 7.9.1 Setting Page Margins 7.9.2 Print Preview 7.9.3 Printing the Document 7.10 Advanced Features of Microsoft Word 7.10.1 Using Index and Tables 7.10.2 Using Templates 7.10.3 Using Macros Important Keyboard Shortcuts Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 8: Microsoft Office Excel 2003 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Starting Microsoft Office Excel 2003 8.2.1 Microsoft Excel Environment 8.3 Working with Excel Workbook 8.3.1 Creating an Excel Workbook 8.3.2 Opening an Existing Workbook 8.3.3 Saving Workbook 8.3.4 Closing a Workbook 8.4 Working with Worksheet 8.4.1 Entering Data in Cells 8.4.2 Navigating through Cells 8.4.3 Naming of a Range of Cells 8.4.4 Editing a Worksheet 8.4.5 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Excel 8.4.6 Finding and Replacing Cells 8.4.7 Undo and Redo 8.5 Formulas and Functions 8.5.1 Functions 8.5.2 Using AutoSum 8.5.3 Formulas 8.6 Inserting Charts 8.6.1 Creating Charts 8.6.2 Using Chart Toolbar 8.6.3 Saving a Chart 8.7 Sorting 8.8 Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 8.8.1 Inserting an Embedded Object in Excel Worksheet 8.8.2 Inserting a Linked Object in Excel 8.9 Importing Data 8.10 Inserting PivotTable 8.11 Printing in Excel 8.11.1 Setting Page Layout 8.11.2 Print Preview 8.11.3 Printing Worksheets 8.12 Advanced Features of Microsoft Excel 8.12.1 Working with Multiple Worksheets and Workbooks 8.12.2 What-if Analysis 8.12.3 Working with Data Form 8.12.4 Working with Filters Important Keyboard Shortcuts Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 9: Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Starting Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 9.2.1 Microsoft PowerPoint Environment 9.3 Working with PowerPoint 2003 9.3.1 Creating a New Presentation 9.3.2 Opening a Presentation 9.3.3 Saving a Presentation 9.3.4 Closing a Presentation 9.4 Working with Different Views 9.5 Designing Presentation 9.5.1 Choosing Design Template 9.5.2 Using Masters 9.5.3 Working With Slides 9.5.4 Working with Text 9.5.5 Formatting the Text 9.5.6 Working with Graphics 9.5.7 Adding Multimedia 9.5.8 Running Slides 9.5.9 Package for CD 9.6 Printing in PowerPoint 9.6.1 Setting Page Layout 9.6.2 Printing Presentation Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 10: Microsoft Office Access 2003 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Starting Microsoft Office Access 2003 10.3 Working with Access Database 10.3.1 Creating and Saving a Database 10.3.2 Opening a Database 10.3.3 Closing a Database and Exiting Microsoft Access 10.4 Microsoft Access Environment 10.5 Working With Tables 10.5.1 Creating a Table in Design View 10.5.2 Creating a Table using Wizard 10.5.3 Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Records 10.5.4 Navigating a Table 10.6 Queries 10.6.1 Creating a Simple Query using Wizard 10.6.2 Running a Query 10.6.3 Sorting Query Results 10.6.4 Using SQL in Microsoft Access 10.7 Forms 10.7.1 Creating a Form Using Wizard 10.8 Reports 10.8.1 Creating a Report using Wizard Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 11: Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Starting Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 11.2.1 Microsoft Office Outlook Environment 11.3 Working with Outlook 2003 11.3.1 Contacts 11.3.2 Mail 11.3.3 Calendar 11.3.4 Tasks 11.3.5 Notes 11.3.6 Journal 11.4 Exiting from Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 Important Keyboard Shortcuts Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 12: Data Communication and Networking 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Data Communication 12.2.1 Components of Data Communication 12.2.2 Data Transmission Mode 12.2.3 Analog and Digital Data Transmission 12.2.4 Data Communication Measurement 12.3 Transmission Media 12.3.1 Guided Media 12.3.2 Unguided Media 12.4 Modulation 12.4.1 Amplitude Modulation 12.4.2 Frequency Modulation 12.4.3 Phase Modulation 12.5 Multiplexing 12.5.1 Multiplexers 12.5.2 Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission 12.6 Switching 12.6.1 Circuit Switching 12.6.2 Packet Switching 12.6.3 Message Switching 12.7 Computer Network 12.7.1 Types of Computer Networks 12.8 Network Topologies 12.8.1 Bus Topology 12.8.2 Ring Topology 12.8.3 Star Topology 12.8.4 Tree Topology 12.8.5 Mesh Topology 12.9 Communication Protocol 12.9.1 The OSI Model 12.10 Network Devices Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Chapter 13: The Internet 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Evolution of Internet 13.3 Owner of Internet 13.4 Anatomy of Internet 13.5 Internet Terminology 13.6 Internet Protocols 13.7 Getting Connected to Internet 13.8 Web Browser 13.8.1 Web Browser Features 13.8.2 Opening Internet Explorer 13.8.3 Internet Explorer Environment 13.9 Uses of Internet to Society 13.9.1 Electronic Mail (E-mail) 13.9.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 13.9.3 Telnet 13.9.4 Internet Relay Chat (IRC) 13.9.5 Chatting and Instant Messaging 13.9.6 Internet Telephony 13.9.7 Video Conferencing 13.9.8 Commerce through Internet 13.9.9 Newsgroups (Usenet) 13.9.10 Mailing Lists (Listserver) 13.10 Electronic Mail 13.10.1 E-mail Address Structure 13.10.2 Checking E-mails 13.10.3 Sending E-mails 13.10.4 E-mail Attachments 13.10.5 How E-mail Works 13.10.6 Netiquette 13.10.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of E-mail 13.11 Search Engines 13.11.1 Searching the Internet 13.11.2 Refining the Search Let us Summarise Exercises Answers Index This meticulously organized book dwells on fundamentals that one must learn in order to pursue any venture in the computer field. This book has 13 chapters, each chapter covering basic as well as advanced concepts. Designed for undergraduate students of commerce and management as per the syllabus of different Indian universities, Fundamentals of Computers may also be used as a textual resource in training programmes offered by computer institutes and as a self-study guide by professionals who want to improve their proficiency with computers