Fundamentals of Canadian Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Fourth Canadian Edition (4th Edition)

Building On Its Successful Predecessor, Fundamentals Of Canadian Nursing, 4th Canadian Edition, Provides Students With An Essential Understanding Of Contemporary Professional Nursing Practice In Canada. The 4th Edition Takes A Broader, Less Prescriptive Approach To Nursing Diagnoses And Encourages Students And Nurses To Use Their Knowledge, Experience, And Critical Thinking Skills To Generate Diagnoses Or Analyses. Representing A Pan-canadian Experience, The Lead Editors Enlisted Reviewers And Contributors From Across Canada To Reflect Different Geographical Experiences. Praised For Its Clear And Accessible Language, Beginning Nurses Learn Foundational And Fundamental Knowledge And Skills Required To Enter The Nursing Profession In Canada. Note: You Are Purchasing A Standalone Product; Mynursinglab Does Not Come Packaged With This Content. Students, If Interested In Purchasing This Title With Mynursinglab, Ask Your Instructor For The Correct Package Isbn And Course Id. Instructors, Contact Your Pearson Representative For More Information. If You Would Like To Purchase Both The Physical Text And Mynursinglab, Search For: 0134647076 / 9780134647074 Fundamentals Of Canadian Nursing: Concepts, Process, And Practice, Fourth Canadian Edition Plus Mynursinglab With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package Package Consists Of: 0134192702 / 9780134192703 Fundamentals Of Canadian Nursing: Concepts, Process, And Practice, Fourth Canadian Edition 0134564979 / 9780134564975 Mynursinglab With Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Fundamentals Of Canadian Nursing: Concepts, Process, And Practice, Fourth Canadian Edition Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 About the Canadian Editors......Page 12 Dedication......Page 14 Preface......Page 15 Acknowledgments......Page 18 Canadian Reviewers......Page 19 Chapter 1: Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice......Page 20 Historical Nursing Practice......Page 21 Contemporary Nursing Practice......Page 26 Roles and Functions of the Nurse......Page 31 Nursing as a Profession......Page 33 Factors Influencing Contemporary Nursing Practice......Page 35 Nursing Organizations......Page 36 Chapter 2: Nursing Education in Canada......Page 42 Nursing Education......Page 43 Types of Educational Programs......Page 44 Nursing Associations and Their Influence on Education......Page 46 Issues Facing Nursing Education......Page 48 Chapter 3: Nursing Research in Canada......Page 54 Nursing Research......Page 55 Chapter 4: Nursing Philosophies, Theories, Concepts, Frameworks, and Models......Page 70 Philosophy’s Three Primary Areas of Inquiry......Page 71 Philosophy in Nursing......Page 72 Concepts and Theories......Page 73 Overview of Selected Nursing Theories......Page 75 Chapter 5: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy......Page 85 Values......Page 86 Ethics......Page 91 Ethical Decision Making......Page 94 Selected Ethical Issues in Nursing......Page 95 Nursing and Advocacy......Page 98 Enhancing Ethical Practice......Page 99 Chapter 6: Accountability and Legal Aspects of Nursing......Page 104 Relationship between Nurses and the Law......Page 105 Contractual Arrangements in Nursing......Page 108 Areas of Potential Tort Liability in Nursing......Page 109 Selected Legal Aspects of Nursing Practice......Page 116 Legal Protections in Nursing Practice......Page 118 Reporting Crimes, Torts, and Unsafe Practices......Page 120 Legal Responsibilities of Nursing Students......Page 121 Chapter 7: Health, Wellness, and Illness......Page 125 Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well-Being......Page 126 Models of Health and Wellness......Page 127 Health-Promotion Models......Page 130 Illness and Disease......Page 132 What Makes Canadians Healthy?......Page 133 Summary......Page 135 Chapter 8: Health Promotion......Page 139 Development of Health-Promotion Initiatives in Canada......Page 140 Strategies for Population Health (1994)......Page 142 Defining Health Promotion......Page 144 Pender’s Health-Promotion Model......Page 145 The Transtheoretical Model: Stages of Health Behaviour Change......Page 147 The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion......Page 149 The Nursing Process and Health Promotion......Page 150 Promoting Canadians’ Health......Page 154 Chapter 9: The Canadian Health Care System......Page 159 History......Page 160 Rights and Health Care......Page 161 Categories of Health Care......Page 162 Types of Health Care Organizations and Care Settings......Page 165 Factors Impacting the Health Care System......Page 170 Contemporary Frameworks for Care......Page 174 Models for the Delivery of Nursing......Page 175 Chapter 10: Environmental and Global Health Nursing......Page 179 Environment and Health......Page 180 Global Health versus International Health: What Is the Difference?......Page 183 Theories of Development......Page 186 Sustainable Development Goals......Page 187 Major Issues in Global Health......Page 189 Nurses and Global Health......Page 193 Chapter 11: Safe Cultural Caring......Page 200 Canada’s Cultural Mosaic......Page 201 Considerations for Culturally Safe Nursing Practice......Page 206 Providing Culturally Safe Care......Page 213 Chapter 12: Individual Care......Page 222 Concept of Individuality......Page 223 Self-Concept......Page 224 Concept of Holism......Page 231 Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Individuals......Page 235 Chapter 13: Nursing Care of Families......Page 242 Family Nursing......Page 243 Development of Family Nursing......Page 245 Canadian Families: A Demographic Snapshot......Page 246 Understanding Families......Page 250 Nursing Care of Families......Page 253 Evaluating Nursing Care of Families......Page 259 Chapter 14: Community Health Nursing......Page 265 What Is Community Health Nursing?......Page 266 Community Health Nursing in the Context of Canadian Health Care......Page 267 Community Health Nursing Practice......Page 268 The Community Health Nurse as a Collaborator......Page 271 Community Health Nursing Competencies......Page 273 Focus on Trends in Community Health Nursing......Page 275 Chapter 15: Rural and Remote Health Care......Page 281 Elements of a Rural Health Framework......Page 282 Health of Rural Residents......Page 284 Special Concerns in Rural and Remote Aboriginal Communities......Page 288 Health Care Delivery......Page 289 Chapter 16: Complementary and Alternative Health Modalities......Page 298 Basic Concepts......Page 299 Complementary and Alternative Health Modalities......Page 300 Nursing Role in Complementary and Alternative Health Modalities......Page 309 Chapter 17: Concepts of Growth and Development......Page 313 Factors Influencing Growth and Development......Page 314 Growth and Development Theories......Page 315 Applying Growth and Development Concepts to Nursing Practice......Page 324 Chapter 18: Development from Conception through Adolescence......Page 327 Conception and Prenatal Development......Page 328 Neonates and Infants (Birth to 1 Year)......Page 329 Toddlers (1 to 3 Years)......Page 334 Preschoolers (4 to 5 Years)......Page 337 School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years)......Page 340 Adolescence (12 to 18 Years)......Page 342 Chapter 19: Young and Middle Adulthood......Page 350 Young Adults (20–40 Years)......Page 351 Middle-Aged Adults (40 to 65 Years)......Page 356 Chapter 20: Older Adults......Page 363 Characteristics of Older Adults in Canada......Page 364 Gerontological Nursing in Canada......Page 365 Theories of Aging......Page 366 Psychosocial Aging......Page 371 Cognitive Abilities and Aging......Page 373 Promoting Healthy Aging......Page 374 Planning for Health Promotion......Page 377 Chapter 21: Clinical Reasoning and Critical Thinking......Page 383 Critical Thinking: Definitions and Purposes......Page 384 Techniques in Critical Thinking......Page 386 Attitudes That Foster Critical Thinking......Page 388 Applying Critical Thinking to Nursing Practice......Page 390 Developing Critical Thinking Attitudes and Skills......Page 393 Chapter 22: Caring and Communicating......Page 400 Nursing Theories on Caring......Page 401 Types of Knowledge in Nursing......Page 403 Communicating......Page 404 The Helping Relationship......Page 415 Group Communication......Page 417 Communication and the Nursing Process......Page 419 Communication among Health Care Professionals......Page 424 Nurse and Physician Communication......Page 425 Chapter 23: The Nursing Process......Page 430 Assessing......Page 431 Diagnosing/Analyzing......Page 447 Planning......Page 455 Implementing......Page 467 Evaluating......Page 469 Nursing Process Summarized......Page 475 Chapter 24: Documenting and Reporting......Page 479 Ethical and Legal Considerations......Page 480 Documentation Systems......Page 481 Documenting Nursing Activities......Page 489 General Guidelines for Documentation......Page 491 Reporting......Page 495 Conferring......Page 497 Chapter 25: Nursing Informatics and Technology......Page 501 Definition of Nursing Informatics......Page 502 Informatics Fundamentals: Data, Information, and Knowledge......Page 503 Computer Technology and Informatics in Nursing......Page 504 How Nurses Are Currently Using Technology......Page 508 Roles in Nursing Informatics......Page 510 How Technology Influences Humans and How Humans Influence Technology......Page 511 Workflow or Nursing Practice Process......Page 512 Consumers’ Health Informatics and Online Information Access......Page 513 Professional Issues......Page 514 Conclusion......Page 515 Chapter 26: Teaching and Learning......Page 519 Teaching......Page 520 Learning......Page 521 Nurse as Educator......Page 525 Chapter 27: Leading, Managing, and Delegating......Page 541 Nurse as Leader......Page 542 Nurse as Manager......Page 545 Nurse as Delegator......Page 548 Change......Page 550 Chapter 28: Health Assessment......Page 556 Physical Health Assessment......Page 557 General Survey......Page 564 The Integument......Page 566 Eyes and Vision......Page 574 Ears and Hearing......Page 577 Mouth and Oropharynx......Page 586 The Neck......Page 591 Thorax and Lungs......Page 593 Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems......Page 605 Breasts and Axillae......Page 613 Abdomen......Page 617 Musculoskeletal System......Page 618 Neurological System......Page 624 Female Genitals and Inguinal Lymph Nodes......Page 629 Male Genitals and Inguinal Area......Page 640 The Anus......Page 644 Chapter 29: Vital Signs......Page 648 Body Temperature......Page 649 Pulse......Page 656 Respirations......Page 667 Blood Pressure......Page 670 Oxygen Saturation......Page 681 Chapter 30: Pain Assessment and Management......Page 687 The Nature of Pain......Page 689 Physiology of Pain: Nociception......Page 692 Factors Affecting the Pain Experience......Page 695 Pain Assessment......Page 698 Planning......Page 705 Implementing......Page 708 Pharmacological Pain Management......Page 710 Nonpharmacological Pain Management......Page 719 Evaluating......Page 722 Chapter 31: Hygiene......Page 729 Feet......Page 744 Nails......Page 748 Mouth......Page 749 Hair Care......Page 757 Eyes......Page 763 Ears......Page 766 Supporting a Hygienic Environment......Page 767 Chapter 32: Safety......Page 780 Factors Affecting Safety......Page 781 Assessing......Page 783 Diagnosing......Page 785 Implementing......Page 786 Evaluating......Page 804 Chapter 33: Medications......Page 811 Key Concepts in Pharmacology......Page 812 Effects of Drugs......Page 814 Actions of Drugs in the Body......Page 816 Factors Affecting Medication Action......Page 818 Routes of Administration......Page 819 Medication Order......Page 821 Systems of Measurement......Page 825 Methods of Calculating Dosages......Page 826 System Factors Related to Medication Safety......Page 830 Enteral Medications......Page 838 Parenteral Medications......Page 843 Topical Medications......Page 877 Inhaled Medications......Page 886 Chapter 34: Infection Prevention and Control......Page 894 Types of Microorganisms Causing Infections......Page 896 Body Defences against Infection......Page 897 Infection: An Imbalance between Microorganisms and Defences......Page 901 The Chain of Infection......Page 902 Breaking the Chain: Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections......Page 906 Routine Practices and Additional Precautions......Page 929 Practical Considerations for Implementation of Precautions......Page 937 Nursing Responsibility for Infection Prevention and Control......Page 938 Occupational Health Issues Related to Infection......Page 941 Roles of the Infection Control Practitioner......Page 943 Infection Prevention and Control Is a Shared Responsibility......Page 944 Chapter 35: Skin Integrity and Wound Care......Page 949 Skin Function and Integrity......Page 950 Wounds or Altered Skin Integrity......Page 951 Wound Healing......Page 952 Heat and Cold Applications......Page 980 Pressure Injury......Page 985 Skin Tears......Page 991 Moisture-Associated Skin Damage......Page 995 Lower Extremity Ulcers......Page 996 Chapter 36: Caring for Perioperative Clients......Page 1002 Types of Surgery......Page 1003 Preoperative Phase......Page 1005 Intraoperative Phase......Page 1017 Postoperative Phase......Page 1019 Chapter 37: Sensory Perception......Page 1040 Sensory Alterations......Page 1041 Factors Affecting Sensory Function......Page 1043 Assessing......Page 1044 Implementing......Page 1046 Evaluating......Page 1051 Chapter 38: Sleep......Page 1057 Physiology of Sleep......Page 1058 Normal Sleep Patterns and Requirements......Page 1060 Factors Affecting Sleep......Page 1062 Common Sleep Disorders......Page 1063 Assessing......Page 1066 Diagnosing......Page 1067 Planning......Page 1068 Implementing......Page 1069 Evaluating......Page 1072 Chapter 39: Activity and Exercise......Page 1076 Normal Movement......Page 1078 Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity......Page 1086 Exercise......Page 1088 Effects of Immobility......Page 1092 Assessing......Page 1098 Planning......Page 1101 Using Body Mechanics......Page 1103 Evaluating......Page 1137 Chapter 40: Nutrition......Page 1142 Essential Nutrients: Macronutrients......Page 1143 Essential Nutrients: Micronutrients......Page 1146 Energy Balance......Page 1147 Factors Affecting Nutrition......Page 1149 Nutritional Variations Throughout the Lifespan......Page 1152 Standards for a Healthy Diet......Page 1159 Vegetarian Diets......Page 1162 Altered Nutrition......Page 1163 Assessing......Page 1164 Diagnosing......Page 1174 Implementing......Page 1177 Evaluating......Page 1195 Chapter 41: Fecal Elimination......Page 1202 Physiology of Defecation......Page 1203 Factors that Affect Defecation......Page 1205 Fecal Elimination Problems......Page 1208 Bowel Diversion Ostomies......Page 1211 Assessing......Page 1213 Planning......Page 1216 Implementing......Page 1219 Evaluating......Page 1233 Chapter 42: Urinary Elimination......Page 1238 Physiology of Urinary Elimination......Page 1239 Factors Affecting Voiding......Page 1241 Altered Urine Production......Page 1243 Altered Urinary Elimination......Page 1244 Assessing......Page 1246 Planning......Page 1255 Implementing......Page 1260 Evaluating......Page 1279 Chapter 43: Oxygenation and Circulation......Page 1284 Physiology of the Respiratory System......Page 1285 Physiology of the Cardiovascular System......Page 1289 Factors Affecting Respiratory and Cardiovascular Functions......Page 1293 Alterations in Function......Page 1297 Assessing......Page 1300 Diagnosing......Page 1306 Implementing......Page 1309 Evaluating......Page 1339 Chapter 44: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance......Page 1344 Body Fluids and Electrolytes......Page 1345 Acid–Base Balance......Page 1353 Factors Affecting Body Fluid, Electrolytes, and the Acid–Base Balance......Page 1354 Disturbances in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance......Page 1356 Assessing......Page 1365 Planning......Page 1371 Implementing......Page 1373 Evaluating......Page 1402 Chapter 45: Sexuality......Page 1410 Development of Sexuality......Page 1411 Sexual Health......Page 1416 Factors Influencing Sexuality......Page 1420 Sexual Response Cycle......Page 1421 Altered Sexual Function......Page 1423 Assessing......Page 1425 Implementing......Page 1427 Evaluating......Page 1431 Chapter 46: Spirituality......Page 1436 Spirituality and Related Concepts......Page 1437 Spiritual, Religious, and Faith Development......Page 1438 Spiritual and Religious Care in Contemporary Context......Page 1439 Spiritual and Religious Practices Affecting Nursing Care......Page 1441 Spiritual Health and the Nursing Process......Page 1444 Assessing......Page 1445 Planning......Page 1446 Implementing......Page 1447 Evaluating......Page 1448 Chapter 47: Stress and Coping......Page 1454 Concept of Stress......Page 1455 Models of Stress......Page 1457 Indicators of Stress......Page 1460 Coping......Page 1462 Assessing......Page 1463 Planning......Page 1464 Implementing......Page 1466 Evaluating......Page 1470 Chapter 48: Loss, Grieving, and Death......Page 1475 Loss and Grief......Page 1476 Assessing......Page 1479 Implementing......Page 1480 Dying and Death......Page 1481 Glossary......Page 1503 Answers and Explanations for NCLEX-Style Practice Quizzes......Page 1543 Appendix A: Laboratory Values......Page 1606 Appendix B: Vital Signs......Page 1613 Index......Page 1614 Back Cover......Page 1666