Functions Of Glutathione In Liver And Kidney (proceedings In Life Sciences)

The serene phrase, Lest I forget thee, glutathione ... , coined by the Kosowers (1) to describe the state in the 1960's, must be replaced now by something like "Inevitable GSH" in order to characterize the current situation. The surge in interest on the ubiquitous tripeptide has been amazing, with publications on GSH running at rates as high as one per day, so that it seemed appropriate to convene international experts for a discussion of recent developments this year. Unlike the two previous meetings in this decade held in Tlibingen in 1973 (2) and in santa Ynez in 1975 (3), the scope was restricted to Functions of Glutathione in Liver and Kidney. Only in this way did an in-depth discussion of the current state of knowledge in a limited topic appear possible. The last couple of years have seen a fascinating productivity in the fields of (a) Regulation of the Glutathione Level in the Liver, (b) Role of y-Glutamyltransferase in Glutathione Turnover with emphasis on the renal enzyme, and a critical appraisal of the y-Glutamyl Cycle, (c) Hyd:roperoxide and Disulfide Metaholism, enriched by the discovery of the nonseleniurn-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and its relation to the glutathione-S-transferases, and the participation of the 2GSH/GSSG system in redox transitions in intact organ, cells and isolated mitochondria, and (d) a multitude of Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects related to glutathione, mainly centered on the events leading to liver damage and the protective mechanisms. These topics were the subject matter for the meeting held as 25. Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Turnover of Glutathione in Rat Liver....Pages 3-7 Regulation of the Hepatic Concentration of Reduced Glutathione....Pages 8-12 The Role of the Cystathionine Pathway in Glutathione Regulation by Isolated Hepatocytes....Pages 13-21 Physiological Significance of Elevation of Liver γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase in Late Pregnancy....Pages 22-26 Glutathione Efflux from Perfused Rat Liver and Its Relation to Glutathione Uptake by the Kidney....Pages 27-31 Unidirectional Transport of Reduced Glutathione in Rat Liver and Its Metabolization in the Extracellular Space....Pages 32-40 Front Matter....Pages 41-41 Current Status of the γ-Glutamyl Cycle....Pages 43-59 Topology and Function of Renal γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase....Pages 60-69 The Membrane Association and Physiological Function of Rat Renal γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase....Pages 70-77 Studies on the Active Site of γ-Glutamyltransferase....Pages 78-83 The Role of Glutathione in Transport Activity in Kidney....Pages 84-91 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 Hydroperoxide Metabolism: An Overview....Pages 95-106 The Selenium Moiety of Glutathione Peroxidase....Pages 107-113 Non-Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase....Pages 114-119 Properties of Glutathione Disulfide (GSSG) and Glutathione-S-Conjugate Release from Perfused Rat Liver....Pages 120-126 Reduction of Diazenes and Hydroperoxides by Rat Liver Mitochondria....Pages 127-138 Effect of Oxidation of Glutathione and Membrane Thiol Groups on Mitochondrial Functions....Pages 139-147 The Roles of Glutathione, Thioltransferase, and Glutathione Reductase in the Scission of Sulfur-Sulfur Bonds....Pages 148-153 Front Matter....Pages 155-155 The Glutathione Transferases in Detoxification....Pages 157-163 Functions of Glutathione in Drug Metabolism....Pages 164-175 Front Matter....Pages 155-155 Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Ethanol and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in vivo as Measured by Ethane Exhalation....Pages 176-182 Drug-induced Lipid Peroxidation in Mouse Liver....Pages 183-188 Cellular Functions in Glutathione-Depleted Hepatocytes....Pages 189-193 Glutathione and Glutathione Conjugate Metabolism in Isolated Liver and Kidney Cells....Pages 194-200 Glutathione-Requiring Enzymes in the Metabolism of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides....Pages 201-206 Back Matter....Pages 207-214