Functional Dissection of Calcium Homeostasis and Transport Machinery in Plants (SpringerBriefs in Plant Science)

This book focuses on the significance and implications of Calcium (Ca2+) transport machinery in the plant cell in generating alternating Ca2+ levels and impacting the cell’s physiological, biochemical and developmental processes. In the following sections, the concept of Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ signature, various Ca2+ transport protein families and conductance systems would be discussed in detail- elucidation of their functional characterization, structure, mechanism, sub-cellular localization and specific physiological roles in ensuring Ca2+ homeostasis. Also, the aspect of Ca2+ as a “signaling hub” –transducing distinct plant responses to diverse environmental stimuli, Ca2+ binding proteins, and the tools used in studying these proteins are explained in brief to paint a holistic picture of Ca2+ transport in plant systems. This has resulted in an elaborative literature account to serve as a staple by providing recent insights and advance knowledge surrounding genetic and molecular dissection of Ca2+homeostasis maintenance mechanisms and extant Ca2+ transport systems in plants. Preface 7 Acknowledgment 10 Contents 11 Chapter 1: Calcium- from Nutrition to Signaling 14 Introduction 14 Ca2+ as a Nutrient 14 The Transition of Calcium from Nutrient to Messenger in the Cell 17 Difference Between Animal and Plant Ca2+ Signaling- from the Perspective of Evolution 18 Conclusion 19 References 20 Chapter 2: Calcium Homeostasis, Reserves and Transport Elements in the Cell 23 Introduction to the Concept of Ca2+ Homeostasis 23 The Ca2+ Stores- Apoplast, Vacuole, ER, and Golgi 24 The Stores Cum Playfields-Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Nucleus and Peroxisomes 25 The Transport Element- “the Actors” Involved in Ca2+ Homeostasis 26 Conclusion 28 References 29 Chapter 3: The Concept of Calcium Signature and Its Involvement in Other Signaling Pathways 31 Calcium Signature –What and Why? 31 Ca2+ Signaling in Organelles 32 Chloroplast 32 Mitochondria 33 Nucleus 35 Peroxisome 36 Crosstalk of Ca2+ Signaling with Other Signaling Pathways 37 Conclusion 38 References 38 Chapter 4: Calcium-Binding Proteins- “Decoders of Ca2+ Signature” 43 Introduction 43 Calmodulins and Calmodulin-Like Protein Sensors 45 Calcineurin B-Like Protein and CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase Module 46 Ca2+ Dependent Protein Kinase 48 Other Ca2+ Dependent Kinases 50 Conclusion 50 References 51 Chapter 5: Plant Ion Channels without Molecular Identity and Two-Pore Channel 1 54 Introduction 54 Depolarization Activated Ca2+ Channels (DACCs) 55 Hyperpolarization Activated Ca2+ Channel (HACC) 55 Voltage Insensitive Ca2+ Channel (VICC) 56 Two-Pore Channel1 (TPC1) 56 The Structure of TPC1 Channel 57 Ca2+ Conductance, CICR and SV Channel 59 TPC1 in Other Plants and their Functional Conservation 61 Conclusion 61 References 61 Chapter 6: Plant Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 1: GLR 64 Introduction 64 The Glutamate Receptor-like (GLR) Channels 64 The GLR Structure 65 Evolution, Localization and Biological Function of GLRs 68 Conclusion 70 References 70 Chapter 7: Plant Ligand-Gated Channels 2: CNGC 73 Introduction 73 Structural Organization and Interpretation of Function 74 Evolution, Localization and Biological Function of CNGC 79 Conclusion 80 References 80 Chapter 8: Annexin and Mechanosensitive Channel 84 Introduction 84 Annexins 84 Mechanosensitive Channel 87 Conclusion 90 References 93 Chapter 9: Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/Cation Antiporters 97 Introduction 97 P-Type ATPases 97 The Structure and Transport Mechanism of ATPases 99 Regulation of ACA and ECA 100 Evolution, Localization and Biological Function of ACA and ECA 102 Ca2+/Cation Antiporter (CaCA) 104 CAX 105 CCX 107 NCL 108 Conclusion 108 References 110 Chapter 10: Tools for Analysing Ca2+ Transport Elements and Future Perspectives 113 Introduction 113 Electrophysiology 114 Expression in a Heterologous System 116 Ca2+ Sensors for in vivo Ca2+ Measurements 116 Functional Genomics Analysis 119 Ca2+ in Memory and Long-Distance Signal Transport 119 Future Perspective 120 References 121 Front Matter ....Pages i-xv Calcium- from Nutrition to Signaling (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 1-9 Calcium Homeostasis, Reserves and Transport Elements in the Cell (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 11-18 The Concept of Calcium Signature and Its Involvement in Other Signaling Pathways (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 19-30 Calcium-Binding Proteins- “Decoders of Ca2+ Signature” (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 31-41 Plant Ion Channels without Molecular Identity and Two-Pore Channel 1 (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 43-52 Plant Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 1: GLR (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 53-61 Plant Ligand-Gated Channels 2: CNGC (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 63-73 Annexin and Mechanosensitive Channel (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 75-87 Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/Cation Antiporters (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 89-104 Tools for Analysing Ca2+ Transport Elements and Future Perspectives (Girdhar K. Pandey, Sibaji K. Sanyal)....Pages 105-115 This book focuses on the significance and implications of Calcium (Ca2 ) transport machinery in the plant cell in generating alternating Ca2 levels and impacting the cell’s physiological, biochemical and developmental processes. In the following sections, the concept of Ca2 homeostasis, Ca2 signature, various Ca2 transport protein families and conductance systems would be discussed in detail- elucidation of their functional characterization, structure, mechanism, sub-cellular localization and specific physiological roles in ensuring Ca2 homeostasis. Also, the aspect of Ca2 as a “signaling hub” –transducing distinct plant responses to diverse environmental stimuli, Ca2 binding proteins, and the tools used in studying these proteins are explained in brief to paint a holistic picture of Ca2 transport in plant systems. This has resulted in an elaborative literature account to serve as a staple by providing recent insights and advance knowledge surrounding genetic and molecular dissection of Ca2 homeostasis maintenance mechanisms and extant Ca2 transport systems in plants.