From water scarcity to sustainable water use in the West Bank, Palestine : dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Board for Doctorates of Delft University of Technology and the Academic Board of the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water

''This book presents the analysis and design of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) decks, which have been increasingly implemented in rehabilitation projects and new construction due to their reduced weight, lower maintenance costs, and enhanced durability and service life. The book is organized into three complementary parts, covering FRP decks, shear connectors between the deck and steel girders, and the behavior of bridge systems. It outlines analysis and design guidelines for each specific deck type, which can be broadly classified according to their production process as sandwich panels and adhesively bonded cellular sections, produced mainly by pultrusion''-- Read more... Content: Introduction Background Implementation of HFRP Sandwich Deck Panels in Highway Bridges Objectives Organization References FRP Deck: Stiffness Evaluation Stiffness of FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panels with Sinusoidal Core On the Transverse Shear Stiffness of Composite Honeycomb Core with General Configuration Homogenized Elastic Properties of Honeycomb Sandwiches with Skin Effect References FRP Deck: Strength Evaluation Overview Literature Review Out-of-Plane Compression Out-of-Plane Shear Facesheet Study Appendix 3.A: Strength Data of Core Materials Appendix 3.B: Derivation of Equilibrium Equation Appendix 3.C: Shear Test for Facesheet Laminates Appendix 3.D: Stiffness of Facesheet Laminates and Core Materials References Mechanical Shear Connector for FRP Decks Introduction Prototype Shear Connection Push-Out Test Conclusions References FRP Deck-Steel Girder Bridge System Overview Experimental and FE Study on Scaled Bridge Model Evaluation of Effective Flange Width by Shear Lag Model References Design Guidelines for FRP Deck-Steel Girder Bridge Systems Design Guidelines Example Conclusions References A Systematic Analysis and Design Approach for Single-Span FRP Deck-Stringer Bridges Introduction Panel and Beam Analysis FRP Cellular Decks: Elastic Equivalence Analysis of FRP Deck-Stringer Bridge System Design Analysis Procedures and Illustrative Example Conclusions References Abstract: ''This book presents the analysis and design of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) decks, which have been increasingly implemented in rehabilitation projects and new construction due to their reduced weight, lower maintenance costs, and enhanced durability and service life. The book is organized into three complementary parts, covering FRP decks, shear connectors between the deck and steel girders, and the behavior of bridge systems. It outlines analysis and design guidelines for each specific deck type, which can be broadly classified according to their production process as sandwich panels and adhesively bonded cellular sections, produced mainly by pultrusion'' Water scarcity is increasing all over the world because of growing population and increasing demands. Countries with limited water resources are urgently in need of a new approach toward water management by shifting from the "use and dispose" approach to the "use, treat, and reuse" approach. This book proposes a framework for the sustainable management of scarce water resources. The approach is based on the application of Cleaner Production thinking to water management. This book focuses on the West Bank in Palestine. The West Bank suffers from extreme water scarcity, has (for political reasons) less water than is naturally available, and anticipates an increase in demand for water for reasons of population and economic growth. Therefore, the West Bank needs to shift away from the present approach to water. The book proposes a set of alternatives for sustainable water management in the domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors in the West Bank. Implementing a combination of water management alternatives as proposed in this book will put water management in the West Bank in Palestine on a sustainable track Proposes a framework for the sustainable management of scarce water resources. This book focuses on the West Bank in Palestine, which suffers from extreme water scarcity, that has (for political reasons) less water than is naturally available, and anticipates an increase in demand for water for reasons of population and economic growth.