از سافین تا رومن: تغییر فرهنگی و هیبریداسیون در ایتالیا مرکزی آدریاتیک (گزارش‌ها، حفاری‌ها و مطالعات واحد باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه جی. د’آننزیو کیتی-پسکارا)

Series: Reports, Excavations and Studies of the Archaeological Unit of the University G. D'annunzio of Chieti-pescara, 3From Safin to Roman investigates the Central Adriatic Apennines (roughly the modern region of Abruzzo), occupied in antiquity by Italic populations variously termed 'Sabelli', 'Sabellics' or 'Sabellians'. For too long the region has been seen merely as a mountainous and isolated 'terra di pastori', sparsely populated with shepherds from prehistory to the late Hellenistic period, thus overestimating the role of the Romans in the organisation and exploitation of the landscape. The region in general has received little scholarly attention internationally compared with Tyrrhenian Italy, although the last three decades have been very rich in excavations and finds. The role of stock-raising itself needs to be reinterpreted, because it changed greatly from period to period and certainly did not exclude other economical resources, already in early periods. The topography of the area and recent finds, show that agriculture was also important for the large sub-Apennine and coastal areas, hilly but certainly not only mountainous, and that other resources were also important for the local economy, such as the exploitation of the forest and metallurgy. The monograph is complemented by appendices presenting the latest research and conclusions from a range of scholars working on the area. From Safin to Roman investigates the Central Adriatic Apennines (roughly the modern region of Abruzzo), occupied in antiquity by Italic populations variously termed ‘Sabelli’, ‘Sabellics’ or ‘Sabellians’. For too long the region has been seen merely as a mountainous and isolated ‘terra di pastori’, sparsely populated with shepherds from prehistory to the late Hellenistic period, thus overestimating the role of the Romans in the organisation and exploitation of the landscape. The region in general has received little scholarly attention internationally compared with Tyrrhenian Italy, although the last three decades have been very rich in excavations and finds. The role of stock‐raising itself needs to be reinterpreted, because it changed greatly from period to period and certainly did not exclude other economical resources, already in early periods. The topography of the area and recent finds, show that agriculture was also important for the large sub‐Apennine and coastal areas, hilly but certainly not only mountainous, and that other resources were also important for the local economy, such as the exploitation of the forest and metallurgy. The monograph is complemented by appendices presenting the latest research and conclusions from a range of scholars working on the area. Cover 1 Title page 3 Copyright page 4 Table of contents 5 Preface 9 Acknowledgements 10 SECTION A INTRODUCTION 11 1. Defining the Central Appenines 13 2. Hellenization and Romanization: problems of interpretation and hybridization 15 3. Aims and methodologies of the research 20 SECTION B THE LAND 23 Chapter 1, Historical Geography 27 Reading the ancient topography through the sources 27 The infrastructure of ancient communications: road-networkS, tratturi and ports 39 Chapter 2, The Region: Geology and Landscape 51 Plates 1-32 57 SECTION C THE MID-ADRIATIC APENNINES BETWEEN THE 6th AND THE 4th CENTURIES BC 91 Chapter 3, Ethnographic and cultural background between the 6th and 4th centuries BC 93 From the Safin to the Sabelli 94 The Political Situation 95 Language and Script of Archaic Abruzzo 96 The Sabellians between the mid 5th and the mid 4th centurIES BC 97 Trade and external contacts 100 Plates 33-64 105 Chapter 4, Settlement Structure 143 Territorial organisation 143 Hillforts 143 Villages 145 Sanctuaries 147 Chapter 5, Funerary Practices 151 Cemeteries 151 Funerary sculpture 154 Conclusions 159 The mid-Adriatic Apennines in the Archaic and Classical periods 159 Plates 65-96 161 SECTION D The conventional period of ‘Romanization’ 195 Chapter 6, The General Historical Background according to the Sources 197 Chapter 7, Society and Economy 203 The social context 203 Rural Settlement and local production 207 Coins and Currency 217 Plates 97-128 229 Chapter 8, Settlement Structure 265 Territorial organization 265 Hillforts 267 Sanctuaries 273 Villages, vici and pagi 277 Colonies 281 Municipia and Praefecturae 291 Chapter 9, Art and Architecture 301 Public and private Architecture 301 Terracotta votive offerings 309 Votive bronze statuettes 311 Cemeteries and funerary equipment 313 Sculpture and portraits 317 Plates 129-160 321 SECTION E Preliminary Conclusions 355 Abbreviations 367 Bibliography 371 APPENDICES 385 APPENDIX 1 387 Geoarcheologia, cambiamenti climatici e paesaggi archeologici in Abruzzo: un punto della situazione 387 Silvano Agostini 387 APPENDIX 2 397 Un aggiornamento sulle strutture abitative in Abruzzo 397 Vincenzo d’Ercole e Oliva Menozzi* 397 APPENDIX 3 431 A diachronic overview of the Santa Maria Cardetola necropolis in Crecchio (CH) (seasons 2015-2020, 2022) 431 Luca Cherstich 431 APPENDIX 4 503 Archeologia funeraria in Abruzzo: un aggiornamento 503 Vincenzo d’Ercole 503 APPENDIX 5 533 Preliminary data from the investigations in the municipality of San Giovanni Lipioni (CH): the archaeological areas of Colle Vernone and Il Monte 533 Eugenio Di Valerio 533 APPENDIX 6 555 Economia e organizzazione territoriale tra IV sec. a.C. e I d.C.: il ruolo dei ‘centri minori’ in area Centro-Adriatica e Appenninica 555 Maria Cristina Mancini e Oliva Menozzi 555 Safin,Sabelli,Central Adriatic Apennines,Abruzzo,Pre-Roman,Roman