From Party Politics to Personalized Politics?: Party Change and Political Personalization in Democracies (Comparative Politics)

What do Beppe Grillo, Silvio Berlusconi, Emmanuel Macron (and also Donald Trump) have in common? They are prime examples of the personalization of politics and the decline of political parties. This volume systematically examines these two prominent developments in contemporary democratic politics and the relationship between them. It presents a cross-national comparative comparison that covers around 50 years in 26 democracies through the use of more than 20 indicators. It offers the most comprehensive comparative cross-national estimation of the variance in the levels and patterns of party change and political personalization among countries to date, using existing works as well injecting fresh cross-national comparative data. In the case of party change, it offers an analysis that extends beyond the dichotomous debate of party decline versus party adaptation. In the matter of political personalization, the emphasis on variance helps in bridging between the high theoretical expectations and disappointing empirical findings. As for the theoretically sound linkage between the two phenomena, not only is this the first study to comprise a comprehensive cross-national examination, but it also proposes a more nuanced understanding of this relationship. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit:(http://www.ecprnet.eu) www.ecprnet.eu . The series is edited by Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Universite libre de Bruxelles; Ferdinand Muller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science, University of Houston. Acknowledgments 6 Contents 8 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 12 1 Introduction 16 Part I Party Change 28 2 Party Change 30 3 Indicators of Party Change 57 4 The Presence and Success of National-Level Parties in Local and Regional Elections 83 5 A Cross-National Comparison of Party Change 106 Part II Political Personalization 128 6 Political Personalization 130 7 Indicators of Political Personalization 152 8 Parties versus Politicians Online 186 9 A Cross-National Analysis of Political Personalization 207 Part III Party Change and Political Personalization 236 10 Party Change and Political Personalization 238 11 Party Change and Political Personalization 258 12 Summary and Conclusions 270 APPENDICES 280 1 Supplement to Table 3.1: Change in the Party Background of Ministers 280 2 Supplement to Table 3.2: Change in the Party Background of Legislators 288 3 Supplement to Table 3.3: Change in the Proportion of Party Members in the Electorate (M/E in %) 294 4 Supplement to Table 3.5: Change in Party Identification 297 5 Supplement to Table 3.6: Change in Net Electoral Volatility 301 6 Supplement to Table 3.7: Change in Electoral Turnout 304 7 Supplement to Table 3.8: Change in the Effective Number of Parties among Voters (ENPV) 307 8 Supplement to Table 3.9: Change in Party System Innovation 310 9 Supplement to Table 4.1: Local Parties’ Shares of Votes and Seats 312 10 Supplement to Table 4.4: Dissimilarity Index: Vote in the Region for National Elections vs. Vote in the Region for Regional E 315 11 Supplement for Table 5.6: Partyness at Starting Point and Change in Partyness for the Selected Indicators 317 12 Supplement for Table 5.8: Partyness at End Point 320 13 Supplement for Table 7.3: Prime Minister’s Influence and Presidentialization 322 14 Supplement for Table 7.5: Party Abbreviations 325 15 Supplement for Table 7.9: Changes in the Submission of Private Member Bills 327 16 Supplement for Table 7.10: Change in the Number of Coalition Members per Minister 332 17 Supplementary Material for Chapter 8: The Research Population 335 18 Supplement for Chapter 9: New Media Indicators 341 19 Supplement to Chapter 9: Pearson Correlations between the Indicators of Personalization 343 20 Summary of the Indicators of Personalization 344 21 Supplement to Chapter 11: Pearson Correlations between the Indicators of Partyness and the Indicators of Personalization 346 References 348 Author Index 384 Index 391 FROM,PARTY,POLITICS,TO,PERSONALIZED,POLITICS? What do Beppe Grillo, Silvio Berlusconi, Emmanuel Macron (and also Donald Trump) have in common? They are prime examples of the personalization of politics and the decline of political parties.This volume systematically examines these two prominent developments in contemporary democratic politics and the relationship between them. It presents a cross-national comparative comparison that covers around 50 years in 26 democracies through the use of more than 20 indicators. It offers the most comprehensive comparative cross-national estimation of the variance in the levels and patterns of party change and political personalization among countries to date, using existing works as well injecting fresh cross-national comparative data. In the case of party change, it offers an analysis that extends beyond the dichotomous debate of party decline versus party adaptation. In the matter of political personalization, the emphasis on variance helps in bridging between the high theoretical expectations and disappointing empirical findings. As for the theoretically sound linkage between the two phenomena, not only is this the first study to comprise a comprehensive cross-national examination, but it also proposes a more nuanced understanding of this relationship.__Comparative Politics__is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit:[www.ecprnet.eu](http://www.ecprnet.eu).The series is edited by Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Universite libre de Bruxelles; Ferdinand Muller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science, University of Houston. What do Beppe Grillo, Silvio Berlusconi, Emmanuel Macron (and also Donald Trump) have in common? They are prime examples of the personalization of politics and the decline of political parties. This volume systematically examines these two prominent developments in contemporary democratic politics and the relationship between them. It presents a cross-national comparative comparison that covers around 50 years in 26 democracies through the use of more than 20 indicators. It offers the most comprehensive comparative cross-national estimation of the variance in the levels and patterns of party change and political personalization among countries to date, using existing works as well injecting fresh cross-national comparative data. In the case of party change, it offers an analysis that extends beyond the dichotomous debate of party decline versus party adaptation. In the matter of political personalization, the emphasis on variance helps in bridging between the high theoretical expectations and disappointing empirical findings. As for the theoretically sound linkage between the two phenomena, not only is this the first study to comprise a comprehensive cross-national examination, but it also proposes a more nuanced understanding of this relationship. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu. The series is edited by Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Université libre de Bruxelles; Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science, University of Houston. Présentation de l'éditeur : "What do Beppe Grillo, Silvio Berlusconi, Emmanuel Macron (and also Donald Trump) have in common? They are prime examples of the personalization of politics and the decline of political parties. This volume systematically examines these two prominent developments in contemporary democratic politics and the relationship between them. It presents a cross-national comparative comparison that covers around 50 years in 26 democracies through the use of more than 20 indicators. It offers the most comprehensive comparative cross-national estimation of the variance in the levels and patterns of party change and political personalization among countries to date, using existing works as well injecting fresh cross-national comparative data. In the case of party change, it offers an analysis that extends beyond the dichotomous debate of party decline versus party adaptation. In the matter of political personalization, the emphasis on variance helps in bridging between the high theoretical expectations and disappointing empirical findings. As for the theoretically sound linkage between the two phenomena, not only is this the first study to comprise a comprehensive cross-national examination, but it also proposes a more nuanced understanding of this relationship." This volumes examines two major developments in contemporary democratic politics— the change in party-society linkage and political personalization—and their relation to each other.