From outcasts to emperors : Shingon Ritsu and the Mañjuśrī cult in medieval Japan / Leiden ; Boston : Brill

In From Outcasts to Emperors , David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic monk Eison (1201 90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan. The book s focus on Eison and his disciples involvement in the cult of Manju r Bodhisattva reveals their innovative synthesis of Shingon esotericism, Buddhist discipline (Ritsu; Sk. vinaya ), icon and temple construction, and social welfare activities as the cult embraced a spectrum of supporters, from outcasts to warrior and imperial rulers. In so doing, the book redresses typical portrayals of Kamakura Buddhism that cast Eison and other Nara Buddhist leaders merely as conservative reformers, rather than creative innovators, amid the dynamic religious and social changes of medieval Japan." Contents......Page 7 Acknowledgements......Page 11 List of Illustrations......Page 13 Prologue......Page 15 Introduction......Page 23 Imagining Mañjuśrī......Page 34 The Study of Medieval Japanese Buddhism......Page 39 Chapter 1 Living Bodhisattvas and Hijiri: Eison, Ninshō, and the Cults of Mañjuśrī and Gyōki......Page 45 Eison’s Early Career......Page 47 Ninshō’s Early Career......Page 50 Mutual Influences: Scholarly Training and Mañjuśrī Assemblies......Page 58 Public Works and the Emulation of Gyōki......Page 61 Eison’s Emulation of Mañjuśrī and “Erasure” of Gyōki......Page 65 Conclusions......Page 70 Chapter 2 Tradition and Transformation: Precedents for the Saidaiji Order Mañjuśrī Assemblies......Page 72 The Mañjuśrī Parinirvāṇa Sutra (Mañjuśrī Sutra)......Page 74 Motifs in the Mt. Wutai Mañjuśrī Cult......Page 76 Gyōki as Mañjuśrī......Page 79 State-Sponsored Mañjuśrī Assemblies......Page 81 Warrior-Sponsored Mañjuśrī Assemblies: Rulers, Rituals, and Relief......Page 87 Memorial Rites, Mothers, and Mañjuśrī......Page 91 Conclusions......Page 97 Chapter 3 Discrimination and Empowerment: Hannyaji, Outcasts, and the Living Mañjuśrī......Page 100 History of Hannyaji and Its Restoration......Page 103 Construction and 1267 Dedication of the Hannyaji Mañjuśrī......Page 109 Material and Ritual Context......Page 115 Doctrinal Context: Icchantikas and Universal Buddhahood......Page 121 Eison’s 1267 and 1269 Votive Texts for the Hannyaji Mañjuśrī......Page 127 Icchantikas, Outcasts, and Other Transgressors......Page 128 Ritual Empowerment, Purification, and Practice......Page 131 Conclusions......Page 137 Chapter 4 Fundraising, Patronage, and the Hannyaji Mañjuśrī: From Eison to Shinkū......Page 141 The Hannyaji Restoration and the Rhetoric of Reluctance......Page 142 “Muen” and the Donations for the Hannyaji Mañjuśrī Image......Page 146 Iconography and Social Positioning......Page 156 Shinkū’s Narrative......Page 158 Conclusions......Page 163 Chapter 5 Exoteric-Esoteric Lineage Construction andMañjuśrī: Dream-Visions in Eison’s and Myōe’s Lineages......Page 165 Provenance and Contents of Eison’s Statement of Transmission to Shinkū......Page 168 Shingon, Ritsu, and Uses of Eison’s Statement of Transmission to Shinkū......Page 175 Myōe, Mañjuśrī, and Dream-Visions......Page 178 Conclusions......Page 189 Chapter 6 Double Vision: The “Tachikawa” Monkan and Shingon/Ritsu......Page 193 Sex, Power, and Distortion: Issues in Portraits of Monkan......Page 194 New Biographical Portrait of Monkan......Page 197 Monkan’s Early Career......Page 198 The 1302 Saidaiji Mañjuśrī Pentad......Page 201 Monkan’s 1314 Saigyokushō......Page 204 Monkan’s Post-1316 Shingon Career......Page 208 The 1335 Mt. Kōya Petition, Monkan’s Mañjuśrī Rites, and Shingon Activities......Page 216 The Construction of the “Heretical” Monkan and the Tachikawa Lineage......Page 223 Repaying Mother and Protecting the State: Monkan’s Mañjuśrī Paintings......Page 233 Wish-Fulfilling Jewels, the Three-Deity Combinatory Rites, and Mañjuśrī......Page 239 Conclusions......Page 246 Early Saidaiji Order Activities and Outcasts as “Supporters”......Page 248 Continuity and Change in the Shingon Ritsu Mañjuśrī Cult: From Eison to Monkan......Page 251 The Shingon Ritsu Mañjuśrī Cult and Outcasts Reconsidered......Page 253 The Esoteric and the Exoteric in the Saidaiji Order......Page 259 The Nara Schools and Medieval Buddhism: Models, Maps, and Directions......Page 262 828 Council of State Directive Establishing Mañjuśrī Assemblies......Page 265 1239–1240 Gakushōki Entries Introducing Ninshō......Page 267 Eison’s Monju Kōshiki in Three Parts (ca. 1246)......Page 270 1247 Collective Vow by Eison and Others......Page 287 1267 Hannyaji Monju Engi......Page 289 1269 Hannyaji Monju Bosatsu Zō Zōryū Ganmon......Page 300 The 1269/3/25 Hannyaji Mañjuśrī Offering Ceremony, Recorded byNakatomi no Sukekata......Page 306 1287 Hannyaji Uten’ō Zenzai-Dōji Zō Zōryū Ganmon......Page 308 Nenpu Passages Recording Eison’s Statement of Transmission to Shinkū......Page 310 References......Page 313 Index......Page 329 In From Outcasts to Emperors , David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic monk Eison (1201-90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan. The book's focus on Eison and his disciples' involvement in the cult of Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva reveals their innovative synthesis of Shingon esotericism, Buddhist discipline (Ritsu; Sk. vinaya ), icon and temple construction, and social welfare activities as the cult embraced a spectrum of supporters, from outcasts to warrior and imperial rulers. In so doing, the book redresses typical portrayals of "Kamakura Buddhism" that cast Eison and other Nara Buddhist leaders merely as conservative reformers, rather than creative innovators, amid the dynamic religious and social changes of medieval Japan In From Outcasts to Emperors , David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic Buddhist monk Eison (1201-90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan, with a focus on Eison and his disciples' involvement in the cult of the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī.=588 0\ Print version record In From Outcasts to Emperors , David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic Buddhist monk Eison (1201-90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan, with a focus on Eison and his disciples' involvement in the cult of the bodhisattva Manjuśrī