From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers (BIAA Monographs)

The period of Anatolian history between the death of the semi-legendary king Midas of Gordion ca. 700 BC and the advent of the Achaemenid Persian Empire ca. 550 BC is dominated by certain narratives: the rise of the Mermnad Lydian Kingdom, from Gyges to Croesus; the demise of the Urartian Kingdom and 'Neo-Hittite'-type culture and polities; and the invasion of shadowy forces from the Steppe: Cimmerians, Scythians and Medes. The discoveries of Geoffrey and Francoise Summers's project at the massive walled city on Kerkenes Dağı have changed the cultural history and texture of Anatolia during this time period, opening up insights into the spread of Phrygian culture and language and inviting further discussion of how the period is framed. This book honors their accomplishments by presenting papers addressing the dynamics and events of that period from various angles, and in various regions and places, as well as other interventions on Iron Age Anatolia, from dating of kings to rare and potentially influential medical techniques. The volume sheds light on and also advocates for further synthesis of the regional dynamics affecting the Mediterranean, Near East and Anatolia together, toward the production of revised, more nuanced narratives. Table of Contents Preface 1. FILLING IN THE GAPS AND JOINING UP THE DOTS OF THE SEVENTH CENTURY BC IN ANATOLIA AND BEYOND: AN INTRODUCTION (C.M. DRAYCOTT) 2. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEOFFREY AND FRANÇOISE SUMMERS (J.W. LEHNER) In the Halys Bend 3. EXPLORATION OF THE METROPOLIS AT KERKENES DAĞI OVER THE PAST 120 YEARS: A TANGLED TALE (S. BRANTING, J.W. LEHNER, D. LANGIS-BARSETTI, T. KALAYCI, N.B. YONEY, Y. ÖZARSLAN, N. SIVER, N.A. CAYIREZMEZ) 4. THE LATE IRON AGE AT BOĞAZKÖY (J. SEEHER, H. GENZ) Gordion and Phrygia 5. DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AT MIDDLE PHRYGIAN GORDION (K. CODELLA, M. VOIGT) 6. GORDION AND PHRYGIA IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY BC (G.K. SAMS) West and East 7. TROY, THE TROAD AND THE HELLESPONT, 700-550 BC (C. ASLAN) 8. VANISHING KINGDOMS: TABAL AND TUWANA DURING THE SEVENTH CENTURY BC (S. ARO) 9. AFTER THE ASSYRIANS, BEFORE THE PERSIANS: KINET HÖYÜK AND ITS CILICIAN CONTEXT (C. AND M-H. GATES) Broader Cultural Practices 10. EPIPHANY OF THE MOTHER GODDESS. A RENEWED EXAMINATION OF THE PHRYGIAN ROCK-CUT FAÇADES (S. BERNDT) 11. MULTIPLE DRILLS ON SKULLS: TREPANATION WITH BORING-AND-CUTTING IN EASTERN ANATOLIA DURING THE IRON AGE (Y.S. ERDAL) Chronological Interventions 12. DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT KERKENES AND BEYOND (P. KUNIHOLM, C.L. PEARSON, T.J. WAZNY) 13. THE DATING OF THE TABALIAN INSCRIPTIONS: ARCHAIC OR ARCHAISING? (D. HAWKINS, M. WEEDEN) 14. THE PHANTOM MENACE? THE CHRONOLOGY OF CIMMERIAN EXPEDITIONS, TERRITORIES AND ZONES OF INFLUENCE IN ANATOLIA (S.F. ADALI) 15. THE MEDES IN ANATOLIA: A RETURN VISIT (C.J. TUPLIN) 16. URARTU IN ITS LATER AGE AND ITS EXTERNAL RELATIONS (C. BURNEY) 17. THE ADVENTURE OF THE LYDIAN HOARD (O.W. MUSCARELLA) Epilogue 18. Epilogue: Reflections and questions on ethno-cultures, polities and dynamics in Anatolia between Midas and Cyrus (C.M. DRAYCOTT) Cover 1 Title Page 2 Copyright 3 Contents 4 List of figures 6 Preface 10 Türkçe özet 12 1. Filling in the gaps and joining up the dots of the seventh century BC in Anatolia and beyond: an introduction 19 2. Bibliography of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers 31 3. Exploration of the metropolis at Kerkenes Dağı over the past 120 years: a tangled tale 37 4. The Late Iron Age at Boğazköy 55 5. Domestic architecture at Middle Phrygian Gordion 73 6. Gordion and Phrygia in the seventh century BC 97 7. Troy, the Troad and the Hellespont, 700–550 BC 113 8. Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC 131 9. After the Assyrians, before the Persians: Kinet Höyük and its Cilician context 155 10. Epiphany of the Mother Goddess. A renewed examination of the Phrygian rock-cut façades 173 11. Multiple drills on skulls: trepanation with boring-and-cutting in eastern Anatolia during the Iron Age 193 12. Dendrochronological investigations at Kerkenes and beyond 203 13. The dating of the Tabalian inscriptions: archaic or archaising? 213 14. The phantom menace? The chronology of Cimmerian expeditions, territories and zones of influence in Anatolia 227 15. The Medes in Anatolia: a return visit 247 16. Urartu in its later age and its external relations 257 17. The adventure of the Lydian Hoard 271 18. Epilogue: Reflections and questions on ethno-cultures, polities and dynamics in Anatolia between Midas and Cyrus 279 Indices 283