From Logic To Rhetoric: Translated From The French Original Edition, Paris, 1982 (pragmatics & Beyond)

What Is Language, And How Has It Been Conceived Since Frege? How Did The Development Of Thought About Language Lead To A Renewed Interest In Rhetoric In The Twentieth Century And Ultimately To The Problematological Synthesis ? These Are The Main Questions Treated In This Book. A Constant Intertwining Of Historical And Topical Viewpoints Characterizes The Author's Approach.--page [4] Of Cover. Pt. 1. Logic And Language -- Pt. 2. Language And Context. Michel Meyer. Bibliography: P. [143]-147. P&B VII:3 Editorial page 3 Title page 4 Copyright page 5 Dedication 6 Table of contents 8 INTRODUCTION 12 PART ONE: LANGUAGE AND LOGIC 14 1. FREGE OR THE RECOURSE TO FORMALIZATION 14 1.1. Logic before Frege 14 1.2. Function and concept 16 1.3. The ideography and the principles of Fregean language theory 18 1.4. Sense and reference 19 1.5. Sense and meaning 21 1.6. Conclusion 25 2. RUSSELL'S SYNTHESIS 28 2.1. Formalization and natural language 28 2.2. Definite descriptions 30 2.3. Propositional functions 31 2.3.1. The ambiguity of the concept o f propositional function 33 2.3.2. The ambiguity in quantification 37 2.4. The theory of types and the axiom of reducibility 39 2.5. Conclusion 44 3. WITTGENSTEIN: FROM TRUTH TABLES TO ORDINARY LANGUAGE AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED ANALYTICITY 46 3.1. The Russellian heritage and its contradictions 46 3.2. The immanence of logic in language 48 3.3. Sense and reference 49 3.4. The picture theory of language 52 3.5. Negation and the other logical constants 57 3.6. The Tractatus as initiation into silence 60 3.7. Ordinary language and its rules 66 3.8. Conclusion: Russell vs. Wittgenstein, a heritage 72 4. HINTIKKA OR THE THEORY OF POSSIBLE WORLDS 76 4.1. Introduction 76 4.2. Referential opacity 76 4.3. The ontological commitment and the elimination of singular terms with Quine 79 4.4. Possible worlds and propositional attitudes 81 4.5. The implications of the alternativeness relation and the theory of models 85 4.6. Ontological commitment 86 4.7. The interpretation of quantification as a question and answer game 88 a) Names and descriptions 88 b) Natural language and interrogatives 90 c) Interrogatives and quantification 90 d) The rules of the game 91 e) Remarks 93 4.8. Wittgenstein and Hintikka: A concluding comparison 94 PART TWO: LANGUAGE AND CONTEXT 96 5. SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND ARGUMENTATION 96 5.1. The three levels of language 96 5.2. Logical syntax 97 5.3. Formalization and natural language 99 5.4. The renewal of argumentation 100 5.5. Perelman's new rhetoric 103 5.6. Argumentation in language or the 'new linguistics' of Anscombre and Ducrot 105 5.7. Conclusion 107 6. DIALECTIC AND QUESTIONING 110 6.1. Dialectic Socrates 111 6.2. The Middle Dialogues: Dialectic and the hypothetical method 116 6.3. The Late Period: The question of being or the shift from the question to being 121 7. ARGUMENTATION IN THE LIGHT OF A THEORY OF QUESTIONING 126 7.1. Why language? 126 7.2. The two major categories of forms 126 7.3. What is to be understood by 'question' and 'problem'? 128 7.4. The autonomization of the spoken and the written 129 7.5. The proposition as proposition of an answer 132 7.6. What is meaning? 132 7.7. Meaning as the locus of dialectic 140 7.8. Argumentation 141 7.9. Literal and figurative meaning: The origin of messages "between the lines" 144 FOOTNOTES 148 REFERENCES 154