From Guernica to human rights : essays on the Spanish Civil War

The best essays by one of the leading experts on the Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War, a military rebellion supported by Hitler and Mussolini, attracted the greatest writers of the age. Among them were Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, Andre Malraux, Arthur Koestler, Langston Hughes, and Martha Gellhorn. They returned to their homelands to warn the world about a war of fascist aggression looming on the horizon. Spain's cause drew 35,000 volunteers from 52 countries, including 2,800 Americans who formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Eight hundred Americans lost their lives. Of them, Hemingway wrote, "no men entered earth more honorably than those who died in Spain." Writers and soldiers alike saw Spain as the first battlefield of World War II. In the title essay of this book, historian Peter N. Carroll traces the war's legacy, from the shocking bombing of the Basque town of Guernica by German and Italian air forces to the attacks on civilians and displacement of refugees in later wars. Carroll's work focuses on both the personal and political motives that led seemingly ordinary Americans to risk their lives in a foreign war. Based on extensive oral histories of surviving veterans and original archival work--including material in the once-secret Moscow archives--the essays, some never before published, present forty years of scholarship. A portrait of three American women illustrates the growing awareness of a fascist threat to our home front. Other pieces examine the role of ethnicity, race, and religion in prompting Americans to set off for war. Carroll also examines the lives of war survivors. Novelist Alvah Bessie became a screenwriter and emerged as one of the blacklisted "Hollywood Ten." Ralph Fasanella went from union organizing to becoming one of the country's significant "outsider" painters. Hank Rubin won fame as a food connoisseur and wine columnist. And one volunteer, the African American Sgt. Edward Carter, earned a Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroism in World War II. Most famously, Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. His sharp criticism of the film version of the novel, in a series of private letters published here for the first time in book form, reveals his deep commitment to the antifascist cause. For those who witnessed the war in Spain, the defeat of democracy remained, in the words of Albert Camus, "a wound in the heart." From Guernica to Human Rights is essential reading for anyone interested in the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath. The Spanish Civil War, A Military Rebellion Supported By Hitler And Mussolini, Attracted The Greatest Writers Of The Age. Among Them Were Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, André Malraux, Arthur Koestler, Langston Hughes, And Martha Gellhorn. They Returned To Their Homelands To Warn The World About A War Of Fascist Aggression Looming On The Horizon. Spain's Cause Drew 35,000 Volunteers From 52 Countries, Including 2,800 Americans Who Formed The Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Eight Hundred Americans Lost Their Lives. Of Them, Hemingway Wrote, No Men Entered Earth More Honorably Than Those Who Died In Spain. Writers And Soldiers Alike Saw Spain As The First Battlefield Of World War Ii. In The Title Essay Of This Book, Historian Peter N. Carroll Traces The War S Legacy, From The Shocking Bombing Of The Basque Town Of Guernica By German And Italian Air Forces To The Attacks On Civilians And Displacement Of Refugees In Later Wars.^ Carroll's Work Focuses On Both The Personal And Political Motives That Led Seemingly Ordinary Americans To Risk Their Lives In A Foreign War. Based On Extensive Oral Histories Of Surviving Veterans And Original Archival Work Including Material In The Once Secret Moscow Archives The Essays, Some Never Before Published, Resent Forty Years Of Scholarship. A Portrait Of Three American Women Illustrates The Growing Awareness Of A Fascist Threat To Our Home Front. Other Pieces Examine The Role Of Ethnicity, Race, And Religion In Prompting Americans To Set Off For War. Carroll Also Examines The Lives Of War Survivors. Novelist Alvah Bessie Became A Screenwriter And Emerged As One Of The Blacklisted Hollywood Ten. Ralph Fasanella Went From Union Organizing To Becoming One Of The Country S Significant Outsider Painters. Hank Rubin Won Fame As A Food Connoisseur And Wine Columnist. And One Volunteer, The African American Sgt.^ Edward Carter, Earned A Congressional Medal Of Honor For His Heroism In World War Ii. Most Famously, Ernest Hemingway Wrote For Whom The Bell Tolls. His Sharp Criticism Of The Film Version Of The Novel, In A Series Of Private Letters Published Here For The First Time In Book Form, Reveals His Deep Commitment To The Antifascist Cause. For Those Who Witnessed The War In Spain, The Defeat Of Democracy Remained, In The Words Of Albert Camus, A Wound In The Heart. From Guernica To Human Rights Is Essential Reading For Anyone Interested In The Spanish Civil War And Its Aftermath. --provided By Publisher. From Guernica To Human Rights -- Part I. The American Volunteers -- Facing Fascism -- American Women In The Spanish Civil War -- Psychology And Ideology In The Spanish Civil War -- The Social Origins Of The Abraham Lincoln Brigade -- Part Ii. Hemingway's War -- American Tourists In Spain -- Ernest Hemingway, Screenwriter -- Part Iii. Legacies -- Not Valid For Travel In Spain -- Premature Anti-fascists, Again -- The Myth Of The Moscow Archives -- Part Iv. Postscripts -- Spain And Spain Again And An Open Letter To Francisco Franco -- Foreword To Alvah Bessie's Men In Battle -- Foreword To Hank Rubin's Spain's Cause Was Mine -- War Stories -- Ralph Fasanella Limns The Life Of The Workingman -- From War Hero To Blacklist. Peter N. Carroll. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Permissions Acknowledgments Chapter 1: From Guernica to Human Rights Part I: The American Volunteers Chapter 2: Facing Fascism Chapter 3: American Women in the Spanish Civil War Chapter 4: Psychology and Ideology in the Spanish Civil War Chapter 5: The Social Origins of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Part II: Hemingway’s War Chapter 6: American Tourists in Spain Chapter 7: Ernest Hemingway, Screenwriter Part III: Legacies Chapter 8: “Not Valid for Travel in Spain” Chapter 9: Premature Anti-Fascists, Again Chapter 10: The Myth of the Moscow Archives Part IV: Postscripts Chapter 11: Spain and “Spain Again” Chapter 12: Foreword to Alvah Bessie’s Men in Battle Chapter 13: Foreword to Hank Rubin’s Spain’s Cause Was Mine Chapter 14: War Stories Chapter 15: Ralph Fasanella Limns the Life of the Workingman Chapter 16: From War Hero to Blacklist Notes Index **The best essays by one of the leading experts on the Spanish Civil War**__For Whom the Bell Tolls.____From Guernica to Human Rights__