From Grand Duchy To A Modern State: A Political History Of Finland Since 1809 Suomen Poliittinen Historia. English

Osmo Jussila, Seppo Hentilä, Jukka Nevakivi ; Translated From The Finnish By David & Eva-kaisa Arter. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 369-370) And Index. FINLAND AS A GRAND DUCHY RUSSIAN EXPANSION: SWEDISH RETREAT FINNISH OCCUPATION THE DIET OF PORVOO AND THE TREATY OF HAMINA THE PORVOO DIET OF 1809 THE FORMATION OF A CENTRAL STATE ADMINISTRATION IN FINLAND LINKING THE FINNISH ADMINISTRATION TO THE RUSSIAN ADMINISTRATION THE SPECIAL STATUS OF GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S FINLAND GOVERNOR-GENERAL’S FINLAND PROVIDES THE FOUNDATION FOR AUTONOMY THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF FINLAND AS A STATE THE TURNING-POINT OF THE CRIMEAN WAR: REFORMS AND PATRONAGE FROM INTEGRATIVE REFORMS TO SEPARATISM THE 1856 PROGRAMME OF REFORMS IN THE MINUTES OF THE SENATE BIRTH OF A NATION FROM FAVORITISM TO MINISTERIAL BUREAUCRACY FINLAND’S SUBORDINATION TO IMPERIAL LAWS AND ADMINISTRATION THE FEBRUARY MANIFESTO OF 1899 THE GENERAL STRIKE OF 1905 THE RUSSIAN REFORMS OF 1905-6 AND FINLAND THE TOTAL BREAKDOWN IN FINNO- RUSSIAN RELATIONS AFTER 1909 FINLAND AND THE MARCH REVOLUTION OF 1917 FINLAND BECOMES INDEPENDENT WAR BETWEEN REDS AND WHITES THE MANY NAMES OF THE 1918 WAR THE EMERGENCE OF WHITE FINLAND DREAMS OF A MONARCHY COME TO NOTHING THE REPUBLIC IS ANCHORED IN THE POLITICAL CENTRE POST-ACTIVISM DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF FOREIGN POLICY FOR WHITE FINLAND MINORITY PARLIAMENTARISM THE LAPUA MOVEMENT DOES AS IT PLEASES MOVEMENTS OF THE DEPRESSION A VICTORY FOR THE RULE OF LAW A NORDIC ORIENTATION AND RED EARTH GOVERNMENTAL CO-OPERATION GREAT HATRED OF THE FINNISH COMMUNIST PARTY A FAILURE OF SECURITY THE MIRACLE OF THE WINTER WAR THE NATIONAL UNITY OF THE WINTER WAR THE ARMED ‘INTERIM PEACE’ CO-BELLIGERENT WITH NAZI GERMANY WAR STABILISES AND PEACE MOVES ARE MADE DEFENSIVE VICTORY AND ARMISTICE FROM WAR TO PEACE IN THE SHADOW OF HOTEL TORNI ON THE ROAD TO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY POLITICS OF RECONSTRUCTION POSTWAR RESETTLEMENT 1948-A TURNING-POINT TOWARDS THE PAASIKIVI LINE KEKKONEN’S OPENING GAMBIT AGRARIAN CO-OPERATION WITH THE SDP THE START OF THE KEKRONEN PRESIDENCY THE GENERAL STRIKE OF 1956 FROM CRISIS TO CRISIS A RETURN TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY THE CENTRE PARTY’S WINNING HAND AND PROTEST ELECTIONS FROM THE REPO RADIO TO THE TAISTO STALINISTS THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ‘PEOPLE’S FRONT’ FROM THE ZAVIDOVO LEAK TO THE EXCEPTIONAL LAW FOREIGN POLICY HIGHLIGHTS TOWARDS KEKKONEN’S LAST TERM KOIVISTO TAKES THE REINS OF POWER A RETURN TO PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY FROM RED-BLUE COALITION TO THE CASINO ECONOMY THE CASINO ECONOMY A BLOODCURDLING ELECTION THE RAINBOW GOVERNMENT A NEW PRESIDENT, A NEW STYLE AN OPENING TO EUROPE APPENDIXES SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX In this book historians Osmo Jussila, Seppo Hentila, and Jukka Nevakivi cover the three periods of Finland's history since 1809. Their fast-moving narrative style brings to life the interaction of social and political forces and powerful personalities in a country whose destiny has been determined by its geopolitical situation between Eastern and Western Europe.From the twelfth to the early nineteenth century, Finland was ruled by Sweden, which bequeathed to it Western-style political, economic, and cultural institutions. From 1809 to the Bolshevik Revolution, it was an authomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire with its own parliament, army, and currency. The Finns won their independence in 1917 but had to fight two wars against the Soviets -- the Winter War of 1939-40 and the so-called Continuation War of 1941-44 -- to maintain their freedom.The Cold War presented further challenges as Finland sought to balance its position within the Soviet sphere of influence without succumbing to communist dictatorship. This balancing act was successfully achieved by adroit diplomatic and economic means, with Finland acting as a bridgehead between East and West in both spheres. In the 1960s and 1970s, the country achieved a high level of economic and social development supported by an extensive welfare state and in 1995 voted to join the European Union.