From Deep Sea to Laboratory 3: From Tait's Work on the Compressibility of Seawater to Equations-of-State for Liquids (Environmental Sciences)

"The scientific expedition of H.M.S. Challenger in the 1870s marks the starting point of physical oceanography. This ship traveled the seas of the globe pursuing a dual objective: to conduct an in-depth study of animal life and to observe the physical properties of ocean waters. Volume 3 focuses on measurements and modeling of liquid compressibility. Based on the work initiated by the physicist Peter Tait, a detailed presentation of liquid equations-of-state is proposed. The physical interpretation of the parameters of these equations is discussed, leading to a description of the "structure" of liquid media. From Deep Sea to Laboratory is available in three volumes for curious readers drawn to travel, history and science. Students, researchers and teachers of physics, fluid mechanics and oceanography will find material to deepen their knowledge"-- Provided by publisher Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Presentation of Volume 3 -- Overview of Volumes 1 and 2 -- Notations -- 1. The Compressibility of Liquids and Tait's Equation-of-State -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Concepts of compressibility -- 1.3. The first instruments to measure the compressibility of liquids -- 1.4. The piezometers used onboard the Challenger -- 1.5. Sources of pressure measurement errors -- 1.5.1. Apparent compressibility of water and mercury -- 1.5.2. Apparent compressibility of liquid and piezometer -- 1.6. Compressibility of fresh and salt water -- 1.6.1. Results on fresh water compressibility -- 1.6.2. Results on seawater compressibility -- 1.6.3. Results on the compressibility of saline solutions -- 1.6.4. Equilibrium of a water column -- 2. Interpretations of the Parameters of Tait's Equation -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Comparison and analogy with the Boyle-Mariotte equation-of-state -- 2.3. Comparison and analogy with the Hirn equation-of-state -- 2.4. Comparison and analogy with the van der Waals equation-of-state -- 2.4.1. The molecular motion model -- 2.4.2. Establishing the van der Waals equation -- 2.4.3. The different expressions and interpretations of covolume -- 3. Tait-Tammann-Gibson Equations-of-State -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Examples of compressibility equations-of-state -- 3.3. Evolution of the parameters of the mixed modulus -- 3.3.1. Application in the case of fresh water -- 3.3.2. Application in the case of standard seawater -- 3.3.3. Application in the case of helium-4 -- 3.3.4. Application in the case of helium-3 -- 3.3.5. Density anomalies -- 3.3.6. Compressibility anomalies -- 3.4. Discussion and conclusion -- 4. The Modified Tait Equation -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Development of a complete equation-of-state The scientific expedition of H.M.S. Challenger in the 1870s marks the starting point of physical oceanography. This ship traveled the seas of the globe pursuing a dual objective: to conduct an in-depth study of animal life and to observe the physical properties of ocean waters. Volume 1, richly illustrated, relates the expedition of the Challenger and addresses the problems of measuring the great depths. A theoretical approach to the immersion velocity of a probe is also proposed, as well as a presentation of some results of bathymetric surveys and physical observations made by the Challenger scientists. From Deep Sea to Laboratory is available in three volumes for curious readers drawn to travel, history and science. Students, researchers and teachers of physics, fluid mechanics and oceanography will find material to deepen their knowledge. The scientific expedition of H.M.S. Challenger in the 1870s marks the starting point of physical oceanography. This ship traveled the seas of the globe pursuing a dual objective: to conduct an in-depth study of animal life and to observe the physical properties of ocean waters. Volume 2 analyzes and uses for the first time the physical measurements collected by the scientists of the Challenger to show that their surveys establish the link between ocean circulation and the distribution of the ocean's temperature. From Deep Sea to Laboratory is available in three volumes for curious readers drawn to travel, history and science. Students, researchers and teachers of physics, fluid mechanics and oceanography will find material to deepen their knowledge. "The scientific expedition of H.M.S. Challenger in the 1870s marks the starting point of physical oceanography. This ship traveled the seas of the globe pursuing a dual objective: to conduct an in-depth study of animal life and to observe the physical properties of ocean waters. Volume 1, richly illustrated, relates the expedition of the Challenger and addresses the problems of measuring the great depths. A theoretical approach to the immersion velocity of a probe is also proposed, as well as a presentation of some results of bathymetric surveys and physical observations made by the Challenger scientists."--Publisher's descrption Content: 1. The first explorations of the deep sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) -- 2. Discovering H.M.S. Challenger's physical measurements relating to ocean circulation -- 3. From tait's work on the compressibility of seawater to equations-of-state for liquids