From critical thinking to argument : a portable guide

From Critical Thinking to Argument is a brief but thorough guide to argument at a great value. This versatile text gives students strategies for critical thinking, reading, and writing and makes argument concepts clear through its treatment of classic and modern approaches to argument, including Aristotelian, Toulmin, and Rogerian argument, as well as visual rhetoric. For today’s increasingly visual learners who are challenged to separate what’s real from what’s not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and an appendix of practical Sentence Guides helps students incorporate the moves of academic writers into their own arguments. With just eighteen readings, this affordable guide can stand alone or complement an anthology. Cover Preface Contents Chapter 1: Critical Thinking THINKING THROUGH AN ISSUE CRITICAL THINKING AT WORK: FROM A CLUSTER TO A SHORT ESSAY GENERATING IDEAS: WRITING AS A WAY OF THINKING AN ESSAY FOR GENERATING IDEAS A SHORT ESSAY CALLING FOR CRITICAL THINKING EXAMINING ASSUMPTIONS Chapter 2: Critical Reading: Getting Started ACTIVE READING SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING PATCHWRITING AND PLAGIARISM STRATEGIES FOR SUMMARIZING ESSAYS FOR ANALYSIS Chapter 3: Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into Arguments PERSUASION, ARGUMENT, AND RHETORICAL APPEALS REASON, RATIONALIZATION, AND CONFIRMATION BIAS TYPES OF REASONING SOME PROCEDURES IN ARGUMENT NONRATIONAL APPEALS DOES ALL WRITING CONTAIN ARGUMENTS? AN EXAMPLE: AN ARGUMENT AND A LOOK AT THE WRITER'S STRATEGIES Chapter 4: Visual Rhetoric: Thinking about Images as Arguments USES OF VISUAL IMAGES SEEING VERSUS LOOKING: READING ADVERTISEMENTS LEVELS OF IMAGES DOCUMENTING REALITY: READING PHOTOGRAPHS ACCOMMODATING, RESISTING, AND NEGOTIATING THE MEANING OF IMAGES ARE SOME IMAGES NOT FIT TO BE SHOWN?: POLITICS AND PICTURES WRITING ABOUT POLITICAL CARTOONS AN EXAMPLE: A STUDENT'S ESSAY ANALYZING IMAGES VISUALS AS AIDS TO CLARITY: MAPS, GRAPHS, AND PIE CHARTS USING VISUALS IN YOUR OWN PAPER Chapter 5: Writing an Analysis of an Argument ANALYZING AN ARGUMENT AN ARGUMENT, ITS ELEMENTS, AND A STUDENT'S ANALYSIS OF THE ARGUMENT Chapter 6: Developing an Argument of Your Own PLANNING AN ARGUMENT DRAFTING AND REVISING AN ARGUMENT PEER REVIEW A STUDENT'S ESSAY, FROM ROUGH NOTES TO FINAL VERSION Chapter 7: Using Sources WHY USE SOURCES? CHOOSING A TOPIC FINDING SOURCES EVALUATING SOURCES PERFORMING YOUR OWN PRIMARY RESEARCH SYNTHESIZING SOURCES TAKING NOTES A NOTE ON PLAGIARIZING COMPILING AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY QUOTING FROM SOURCES DOCUMENTATION MLA FORMAT: CITATIONS WITHIN THE TEXT MLA FORMAT: THE LIST OF WORKS CITED APA FORMAT: CITATIONS WITHIN THE TEXT APA FORMAT: THE LIST OF REFERENCES AN ANNOTATED STUDENT RESEARCH PAPER IN MLA FORMAT AN ANNOTATED STUDENT RESEARCH PAPER IN APA FORMAT Chapter 8: A Philosopher's View: The Toulmin Model COMPONENTS OF THE TOULMIN MODEL PUTTING THE TOULMIN METHOD TO WORK: RESPONDING TO AN ARGUMENT THINKING WITH THE TOULMIN METHOD Chapter 9: A Logician's View: Deduction, Induction, and Fallacies USING FORMAL LOGIC FOR CRITICAL THINKING DEDUCTION INDUCTION FALLACIES Chapter 10: A Psychologist's View: Rogerian Argument R0GERIAN ARGUMENT: AN INTRODUCTION Appendix: Sentence Guides for Academic Writers Text Credits Index A high-quality, brief but thorough guide to critical thinking and argument that establishes the foundation for thinking critically, evaluating an issue, conducting research, and writing strong academic arguments. -- Back cover