From Classical to Byzantine: Social Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Fortress at Isthmia, Greece (Bar International)

This book attempts to bring an anthropological perspective to the historical archaeology of a complex period in the Greek past. Traditionally, discussion of the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Byzantine period in the Aegean region has focused on the fate of Classical urban culture. Scholarly opinion is divided as to whether the Classical polis and its constituent institutions emerged intact from the disruptive events of the third to sixth centuries A.D. Over the past two decades a consensus has emerged that argues that the break between Classical and Byzantine occurred in the seventh, not the fourth or fifth centuries A.D., and that it was a more gradual process than previously believed. The present study examines the Byzantine Fortress at Isthmia in the Peloponnese with an eye to understanding social change in this critical period, at the level of the site and then the region, in terms of an evolutionary perspective . This study focuses on three problems at different levels of abstraction: (1) A descriptive problem – gathering more information about the Medieval occupation at Isthmia; delineating the structural features of the Byzantine Fortress with the ultimate intent of comprehending site functions through time. (2) A methodological problem – the use of geophysical techniques to examine the subsurface of the Fortress and other selected spots to obtain the data necessary for proper description. (3) A broader historical problem – how best to reconstruct the key events pertaining to the transition from Late Antiquity to Early Byzantine. The methodological element becomes the link between the gathering of site-specific data and the wider historical implications for that information. Front Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Table of Contents Figures Tables Preface Acknowledgements Chronology for the Korinthia CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: ANTHROPOLOGICAL HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN GREECE CHAPTER 3: FIELD METHODS CHAPTER 4: THE SITE AND ITS SETTING CHAPTER 5: THE DEBATE OVER THE TRANSITION FROM LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE EARLY BYZANTINE PERIOD CHAPTER 6: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA CHAPTER 7: INTERNAL CORRELATIONS: DEVELOPMENTS AT ISTHMIA CHAPTER 8: EXTERNAL CORRELATIONS: ISTHMIA AND THE AEGEAN REGION CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX 1: DATA FROM THE 1985 SYSTEMATIC SURFACE COLLECTION IN THE FORTRESS APPENDIX 2: DATA FROM THE 1986 SYSTEMATIC SURFACE COLLECTION IN THE FORTRESS APPENDIX 3: DATA FROM THE 1985 AND 1986 MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY IN THE FORTRESS APPENDIX 4: DATA FROM THE 1985 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY IN THE FORTRESS APPENDIX 5: DATA FROM THE 1985 ELECTRICAL SOIL RESISTANCE SURVEY IN THE FORTRESS APPENDIX 6: CATALOGUE OF SELECT ARTIFACTS FROM THE SYSTEMATIC SURFACE COLLECTION IN THE FORTRESS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX P. Nick Kardulias. Originally Presented As The Author's Thesis (doctoral)--ohio State University, 1988, Under The Title: The Byzantine Fortress At Isthmia, Greece And The Transition From Late Antiquity To The Medieval Period In The Aegean. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 225-240) And Index.