Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine : A Systems Approach to Laboratory Technology, Clinical Correlations, and Antioxidant Therapy

An International Syaposiua on Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine was co-sponsored by the state University of New York at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and the Upstate NY Section of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry. The theme was "A Systems Approach To Laboratory Technology, Clinical Correlations And Antioxidant Therapy." The symposium was held on October 7-8, 1993 at the Hyatt Hotel and on October 9 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. This proceedings volume contains chapters from platform presentations, poster sessions and from invited special lectures in the areas of basic science, clinical applications and efficacy of treatment. A Special Lecture on the relevance of free radical analysis to clinical medicine was presented by Professor Kunio Yagi of Japan. The Yagi procedure to measure thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction reflects the amount of reactive substances, lipid peroxides and aldehydes, in the sample. For example, normal subjects will have less than 4 nmol/ml of serum lipid peroxides, while a person with diabetes generally has equal or greater than 5.0 and a diabetic person with vascular complications often exceeds 7.5 nmol/ml. Serum TBA is a clinically important measure that relates to aging, gender and estrogen as an antioxidant, in the prognosis for vascular disorders, and in pathological conditions relative to the amount of lipid peroxidation. The BASIC SCIENCES portion of the program examined: "Mechanisms of Action, Pathophysiology and Laboratory Tests" in six presentations. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Lipid Peroxides and Related Radicals in Clinical Medicine....Pages 1-15 Reactive Oxygen Species in Normal Physiology, Cell Injury and Phagocytosis....Pages 17-27 Free Radical Mechanisms for Chromosomal Instability in Bloom’s Syndrome....Pages 29-41 The Analysis of Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxides, Antioxidant Enzymes and Compounds Related to Oxidative Stress as Applied to the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory....Pages 43-58 Free Radicals and the Pathogenesis of Neuronal Death: Cooperative Role of Excitatory Amino Acids....Pages 59-71 Free Radicals and Ocular Disease....Pages 73-86 Active Oxygen Mechanisms of UV Inflammation....Pages 87-97 Oxygen-Free Radicals at Myocardial Level: Effects of Ischaemia and Reperfusion....Pages 99-111 Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis: Role of LDL Oxidation....Pages 113-128 Tissue Iron Overload and Mechanisms of Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Injury....Pages 129-146 Free Radicals in the Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Injury and Disease....Pages 147-163 Lipid Peroxides in Hepatic, Gastrointestinal, and Pancreatic Diseases....Pages 165-169 Reactive Oxygen Molecules in the Kidney....Pages 171-183 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reproduction....Pages 185-197 Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases....Pages 199-213 Antioxidants and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms....Pages 215-239 New Directions for Free Radical Cancer Research and Medical Applications....Pages 241-251 Shock and Multiple Organ Failure....Pages 253-268 Role of Nutrients in the Cause and Prevention of Oxygen Radical Pathology....Pages 269-289 Involvement of Free Radical Mechanism in the Toxic Effects of Alcohol: Implications for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome....Pages 291-305 21-Aminosteroids (“Lazaroids”)....Pages 307-312 The Potential of Gliclazide, a Sulphonylurea to Influence the Oxidative Processes within the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Vascular Disease....Pages 313-324 Interactions between Vitamin E, Free Radicals, and Immunity during the Aging Process....Pages 325-333 Vitamins and Carotinoids — A Promising Approach to Reducing the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Cancer and Eye Diseases....Pages 335-350 Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Flavonoids....Pages 351-376 Plasma Clearance and Immunologic Properties of Long-Acting Superoxide Dismutase Prepared Using 35,000 to 120,000 Dalton Poly-Ethylene Glycol....Pages 377-387 Clinical Trials with DismutecTM (Pegorgotein; Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Superoxide Dismutase; PEG-SOD) in the Treatment of Severe Closed Head Injury....Pages 389-400 A New Method for Detecting Lipid Peroxidation by Using Dye Sensitized Chemiluminescence....Pages 401-402 Chemiluminescence and the Challenge to Attomole Detection....Pages 403-403 Evidence Against Malondialdehyde Bound to Cellular Constituents in Phospholipid Peroxidation....Pages 404-406 Evaluation of In Vivo Free Radical Activity during Endotoxic Shock Using Scavengers, Electron Microscopy, Spin Traps, and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy....Pages 407-409 Involvement of Hydroxyl Radicals in Endotoxin-Evoked Shock....Pages 410-411 The Role of Nitric Oxide in Endotoxin-Elicited Hypodynamic Circulatory Failure....Pages 412-413 In Vivo Evaluation of the Role of Neutrophil-Derived Free Radicals in the Development of Endotoxic Shock....Pages 414-415 Photosensitized Formation of 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine by A Cationic meso -Substituted Porphyrin....Pages 416-417 Aging Associated Declines in the Antioxidant Enzymes of Human Testis....Pages 418-419 Lipid Peroxidation in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia....Pages 420-421 Alkylation of Purine Bases by Carbon-Centered Radicals....Pages 422-423 Cytochrome Biochemistry in Sheep Retina Following Exposure to Oxygen....Pages 424-425 Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in the Fetal Sheep Retina....Pages 426-427 Age-Related Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Levels in Gerbil Brain Measured by HPLC-Chemiluminescence Assay and Their Relation to Hydroxyl Radical Stress — Clinical Implications....Pages 428-429 Lipid Peroxidation and Diabetic Complications: Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins C and E....Pages 430-432 Vascular Complications of Patients in Kuwait with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) and Elevated Serum Lipid Peroxides....Pages 433-435 Vascular and Cellular Protein Changes Precede Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Loss Following Global Ischemia in the Rat....Pages 436-438 Dietary Antioxidants and Breast Cancer Risk: Effect Modification by Family History....Pages 439-440 Effect of MAK-4 and MAK-5 on Endothelial Cell and Soyabean Lipoxygenase-Induced LDL Oxidation....Pages 441-443 Prevention of Oxidant Stress by Student Rasayana (SR)....Pages 444-445 Biochemical Changes Induced by Maharishi Amrit Kalash (MAK-4) and MA-208 in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits....Pages 446-447 In Vitro Ergothioneine Administration Failed to Protect Isolated Ischaemic and Reperfused Rabbit Heart....Pages 448-449 Pentoxifylline Interferes with Potental Sources of Free Radical Generation during Endotoxemia....Pages 450-451 Back Matter....Pages 453-464