Foundation in Pharmacy Practice

Gives an introductory overview to pharmacy practice. This book is suitable for first year undergraduate students, providing a starting point for further study and is facilitated by regular signposting and referencing to specific texts. It also includes an easily navigated glossary of reference terms. This is an introductory overview to pharmacy practice. This introductory overview to pharmacy practice is essential for first year undergraduate students, providing an overview of the principal pharmacy practice topics in a practical and succinct manner. The text provides a starting point for further study and is facilitated by regular signposting and referencing to specific texts. A useful and easily navigated glossary of reference terms is also included. Additional e-learning resources are provided including workshops on law and ethics, SOPs and communication and several dispensing practicals Cover 1 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 Foreword 10 About the authors 11 Acknowledgements 13 01 What is Pharmacy Practice? 14 Introduction 14 Pharmacy Practice: definitions 14 More than a definition 15 Summary 20 References 20 02 Structure and function of the NHS in England 22 Introduction 22 History of the NHS 22 Structure of the NHS 23 Recent changes in the NHS 29 Pharmacist roles within the NHS 32 Summary 35 References 35 03 An overview of community pharmacy – the role of the community pharmacist: past, present and future 36 Introduction 36 The past role of the community pharmacist 37 Today’s community pharmacist 39 Essential services 40 Other services 42 The future of the community pharmacist 44 References 44 04 An overview of hospital pharmacy 46 Introduction 46 Traditional roles of the hospital pharmacist 46 The structure of a typical hospital pharmacy department 47 Clinical pharmacy 49 Teaching 50 Specialisation in hospital pharmacy 51 Summary 54 References 54 Useful resources 54 05 An overview of industrial sector pharmacy 56 Introduction 56 Research and development 57 Manufacturing 58 Quality assurance 59 Clinical trials 60 Medicines information 62 Sales and marketing 62 Regulatory affairs 63 General management and business 64 So you want to be an industrial pharmacist . . . what next? 65 References 66 Useful resources 66 06 Introduction to medicines management 68 Introduction 68 What is medicines management? 68 Development of medicines management 69 Consequences of poor medicines management 71 Types of medicines management 72 Ways in which medicines management is achieved 75 Community pharmacists and medicines management under the new Pharmacy Contract 78 Summary 81 References 81 07 Structure and function of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 84 Introduction 84 The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 84 The Pharmaceutical Journal 85 A brief history of the Society 85 The structure of the RPSGB 86 The future of the RPSGB 87 Summary 88 References 88 08 Essential communication skills for pharmacists 90 Introduction 90 Interacting with patients 90 Interacting with other health professionals 92 Presentations 93 Summary 97 References 97 Useful resources 97 09 Prescriptions – types and legal requirements 98 Introduction 98 Types of medicine 98 Prescribers 99 Prescription forms 99 Information required on a prescription 100 Types of prescription form 100 Restriction to medicines and appliances prescribed on NHS FP10 (and variations) forms 106 References 107 Useful resources 108 10 Understanding and interpreting prescriptions 110 Introduction 110 Good prescribing principles – a stepwise approach 110 Interpretation of prescriptions 112 References 120 Useful resources 120 11 Packaging of medicines 122 Introduction 122 Choice of packaging during dispensing 122 Types of packaging 123 Definition of terms applied to packaging 124 Types of packaging materials 124 Environmental concerns 128 Practicalities of packaging 128 References 129 Useful resources 129 12 Labelling of medicines 130 Introduction 130 The importance of labelling 130 Labelling requirements for different categories of medicinal products 131 Manufacturers’ labelling requirements 133 Other labelling requirements 136 Practicalities of labelling 136 References 136 13 Extemporaneous dispensing: a beginner’s guide 138 What is extemporaneous dispensing? 138 Legal factors involved in extemporaneous preparation 138 Liquid preparations 139 Topical semisolids 140 The practice of extemporaneous preparation 141 Dispensing extemporaneous preparations 146 References 146 14 Compliance, adherence and concordance 148 Introduction 148 What is compliance? 149 What is adherence? 150 What is concordance? 150 Why do people not adhere to prescribed medicine regimens? 152 What are the consequences of poor adherence to medication? 156 How can adherence to medication be improved? 156 What does concordance mean, in practice, for pharmacists? 159 Developing a concordant approach 160 Summary 162 References 162 15 Sale and supply of medicines: risk and advice provision 164 Introduction 164 Legal and ethical considerations when selling and supplying medicines 165 Selling over-the-counter medicines 168 Supplying prescribed medicines 170 Preventing errors when selling or supplying medicines 173 When mistakes are made 176 Summary 180 References 180 16 Major routes of drug administration 182 Aims of drug administration 182 Enteral routes 182 Drug delivery across mucous membranes 184 Topical drug delivery 185 Inhalation drugs 188 Parenteral routes 189 References 193 Glossary of terms commonly used in Pharmacy Practice 194 Index 214 Cover......Page 1 Dedication......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 Foreword......Page 10 About the authors......Page 11 Acknowledgements......Page 13 Pharmacy Practice: definitions......Page 14 More than a definition......Page 15 References......Page 20 History of the NHS......Page 22 Structure of the NHS......Page 23 Recent changes in the NHS......Page 29 Pharmacist roles within the NHS......Page 32 References......Page 35 Introduction......Page 36 The past role of the community pharmacist......Page 37 Today’s community pharmacist......Page 39 Essential services......Page 40 Other services......Page 42 References......Page 44 Traditional roles of the hospital pharmacist......Page 46 The structure of a typical hospital pharmacy department......Page 47 Clinical pharmacy......Page 49 Teaching......Page 50 Specialisation in hospital pharmacy......Page 51 Useful resources......Page 54 Introduction......Page 56 Research and development......Page 57 Manufacturing......Page 58 Quality assurance......Page 59 Clinical trials......Page 60 Sales and marketing......Page 62 Regulatory affairs......Page 63 General management and business......Page 64 So you want to be an industrial pharmacist . . . what next?......Page 65 Useful resources......Page 66 What is medicines management?......Page 68 Development of medicines management......Page 69 Consequences of poor medicines management......Page 71 Types of medicines management......Page 72 Ways in which medicines management is achieved......Page 75 Community pharmacists and medicines management under the new Pharmacy Contract......Page 78 References......Page 81 The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain......Page 84 A brief history of the Society......Page 85 The structure of the RPSGB......Page 86 The future of the RPSGB......Page 87 References......Page 88 Interacting with patients......Page 90 Interacting with other health professionals......Page 92 Presentations......Page 93 Useful resources......Page 97 Types of medicine......Page 98 Prescription forms......Page 99 Types of prescription form......Page 100 Restriction to medicines and appliances prescribed on NHS FP10 (and variations) forms......Page 106 References......Page 107 Useful resources......Page 108 Good prescribing principles – a stepwise approach......Page 110 Interpretation of prescriptions......Page 112 Useful resources......Page 120 Choice of packaging during dispensing......Page 122 Types of packaging......Page 123 Types of packaging materials......Page 124 Practicalities of packaging......Page 128 Useful resources......Page 129 The importance of labelling......Page 130 Labelling requirements for different categories of medicinal products......Page 131 Manufacturers’ labelling requirements......Page 133 References......Page 136 Legal factors involved in extemporaneous preparation......Page 138 Liquid preparations......Page 139 Topical semisolids......Page 140 The practice of extemporaneous preparation......Page 141 References......Page 146 Introduction......Page 148 What is compliance?......Page 149 What is concordance?......Page 150 Why do people not adhere to prescribed medicine regimens?......Page 152 How can adherence to medication be improved?......Page 156 What does concordance mean, in practice, for pharmacists?......Page 159 Developing a concordant approach......Page 160 References......Page 162 Introduction......Page 164 Legal and ethical considerations when selling and supplying medicines......Page 165 Selling over-the-counter medicines......Page 168 Supplying prescribed medicines......Page 170 Preventing errors when selling or supplying medicines......Page 173 When mistakes are made......Page 176 References......Page 180 Enteral routes......Page 182 Drug delivery across mucous membranes......Page 184 Topical drug delivery......Page 185 Inhalation drugs......Page 188 Parenteral routes......Page 189 References......Page 193 Glossary of terms commonly used in Pharmacy Practice......Page 194 Index......Page 214 Foundation in Pharmacy Practice is an essential introductory text for first year students. Providing an overview of the principal pharmacy practice topics in a practical and succinct manner, it serves as a starting point for further study. Major areas covered include: an introduction to medicines management; essential communication skills; prescription types, legal requirements, interpretation and understanding; packaging and labelling of medicines; compliance, adherence and concordance; sale and supply of medicines. Foundation in Pharmacy Practice is an essential teaching and learning resourc