Fossils and Strata: Lower Ordovician trilobites of the Kirtonryggen Formation, Spitsbergen

This monograph describes early Ordovician (Ibexian: Tremadocian–early Floian) trilobites from Northern Spitsbergen from the section through the Kirtonryggen Formation adjacent to Hinlopen Strait. The Formation is divided into three Members, each with distinct trilobites collectively representing the fullest known succession from the Bathyurid biofacies of the eastern Laurentian carbonate platform. Previous research on the Ordovician of Spitsbergen is summarised and correlations with similar faunas previously described from Canada, Greenland, western Newfoundland, Vermont–New York State, Oklahoma and Missouri are discussed. Taxonomic problems are discussed in detail leading to the recognition of 53 species, of which 15 are new, belonging to 31 genera including four new. Twenty-four taxa are described under open or tentative nomenclature. The lower Member yields the earliest known occurrences of the Illaenoidea, Proetoidea and Scutelluoidea , supporting the hypotheses relating the origin of new major clades to inshore habitats. Cover 1 Titlepage 3 Contents 4 Introduction 6 Summary of previous research on the Ordovician of Spitsbergen 7 Stratigraphy of the Kirtonryggen Formation 8 Stratigraphic sub-divisions and age 8 Tremadocian–Floian boundary 13 Correlation with other areas of Ordovician Laurentia 14 Greenland 15 Canada 16 Northwest Scotland 17 USA 17 Occurrence of trilobites in the Kirtonryggen Formation 19 Field occurrence 19 Biofacies and biogeography 19 Peculiarities of the Spitsbergen faunas 20 Eastern and western Laurentia 21 Origin of major trilobite clades 22 The family Bathyuridae 23 The problem of type species 24 Morphology of Bathyuridae 25 Systematic Palaeontology 27 Order Aulacopleurida Adrain, 2011 27 Family Hystricuridae Hupé, 1953 27 Genus Svalbardicurus n. gen. 27 Svalbardicurus delicatus n. sp. 27 Genus Hystricurus Raymond, 1913 30 Hystricurus cf. Hystricurus sp. nov. B Adrain et al., 2003 30 Hystricurus sp. 1 31 Order Proetida Fortey & Owens, 1975 32 Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 1886 32 Sub-family Bathyurinae Walcott, 1886 32 Genus Bolbocephalus Whitfield, 1890 32 Bolbocephalus gunnari n. sp. 34 Bolbocephalus convexus (Billings, 1865) 35 Bolbocephalus stclairi Cullison, 1944 37 Bolbocephalus sp. cf. B. kindlei Boyce, 1989 39 Genus Catochia Fortey, 1979 39 Catochia hinlopensis n. sp. 39 Catochia ornata Fortey, 1979 41 Genus Jeffersonia Poulsen, 1927 41 Jeffersonia striagena n. sp. 42 Jeffersonia viator n. sp. 46 Jeffersonia timon (Billings, 1865) 48 ‘Jeffersonia’ aff . J. granosa Cullison, 1944 50 Genus Peltabellia Whittington, 1953 50 Peltabellia glabra n. sp. 51 Genus Petigurus Raymond, 1913 53 Petigurus nero (Billings, 1865) 53 Petigurus groenlandicus Poulsen, 1937 54 Genus Psalikilopsis Ross, 1953 56 Psalikilopsis n. sp. aff . P. cuspicaudata Ross, 1953 57 Bathyurine n. gen. n. sp. A 58 Sub-family Bathyurellinae Hupé, 1953 59 Genus Bathyurellus Billings, 1865 59 Bathyurellus abruptus Billings, 1865 60 Bathyurellus diclementsae n. sp. 61 Genus Benthamaspis Poulsen, 1946 64 Benthamaspis gibberula (Billings, 1865) 64 Benthamaspis conica Fortey, 1979 66 Genus Ceratopeltis Poulsen, 1937 67 Ceratopeltis cf. C. batchensis Adrain & Westrop, 2005 67 Genus Chapmanopyge n. gen. 67 Chapmanopyge cf. sp. 1 (Loch, 2007) 69 Chapmanopyge ‘amplimarginiata’ (Billings, 1865) 69 Chapmanopyge cf. C. sanddoelaensis (Adrain & Westrop, 2005) 71 Chapmanopyge n. sp. A 72 Genus Grinnellaspis Poulsen, 1946 72 Grinnellaspis newfoundlandensis Boyce, 1989 72 Genus Harlandaspis n. gen. 72 Harlandaspis elongata n. sp. 75 Genus Licnocephala Ross, 1951 78 Licnocephala brevicauda (Poulsen, 1937) 78 Licnocephala n. sp. A 79 Licnocephala n. sp. B 80 Licnocephala? n. sp. C 80 Genus Punka Fortey, 1979 80 Punka latissima n. sp. 81 Punka flabelliformis Fortey, 1979 83 Genus Uromystrum Whittington, 1953 84 Uromystrum affine (Poulsen, 1937) 85 Uromystrum aff . U. affine (Poulsen, 1937) 88 Uromystrum drepanon n. sp. 89 Family Dimeropygidae Hupé, 1955 90 Genus Ischyrotoma Raymond, 1925 90 Ischyrotoma parallela (Boyce,1989) 91 Ischyrotoma n. sp. A 93 Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 94 Genus Phaseolops Whittington, 1963 94 Phaseolops? bobowensi n. sp. 94 Family Telephinidae Marek, 1952 96 Genus Carolinites Kobayashi, 1940 96 Carolinites? n. sp. A 96 Order Corynexochida Kobayashi, 1935 98 Family Illaenidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 4 Genus Illaenus Dalman, 1827 98 Subgenus Illaenus (Parillaenus) Jaanusson, 1954 98 Illaenus (Parillaenus) primoticus n. sp. 98 Family Leiostegiidae Bradley, 1925 100 Genus Leiostegium Raymond, 1913 100 Leiostegium spongiosum n. sp. 100 Family Styginidae Vogdes, 1890 102 Genus Raymondaspis Přibyl, 1948 102 Raymondaspis? pingpong n. sp. 102 Order Asaphida Salter, 1864 104 Superfamily Asaphoidea Salter, 1864 104 Family Asaphidae Salter, 1864 104 Genus Lachnostoma Ross, 1951 104 Lachnostoma platypyga n. sp. 105 Genus Stenorhachis Hintze & Jaanusson, 1956 106 Stenorhachis n. sp. A 106 Family Remopleurididae Hawle & Corda, 1847 108 Genus Eorobergia Cooper, 1953 108 Eorobergia n. sp. A 108 Superfamily Cyclopygoidea Raymond, 1925 109 Family Symphysurinidae Kobayashi, 1955 109 Genus Eurysymphysurina n. gen. 109 Eurysymphysurina spora n. sp. 110 Genus Randaynia Boyce, 1989 111 Randaynia n. sp. A 112 Order Phacopida Salter, 1864 114 Family Pilekiidae Sdzuy, 1955 114 Genus Pilekia Barton, 1915 4 Pilekia cf. P. trio Hintze, 1953 114 Incertae Ordinis 115 Genus Conophrys Callaway, 1877 115 Conophrys sp. 1 115 Family Shumardiidae Lake, 1907 115 Incertae sedis 115 Gen. et sp. indet. 1 115 Gen. et sp. indet. 2 115 Proetid metaprotaspis 116 Acknowledgements 116 References 116 This monograph describes early Ordovician (Ibexian:Tremadocian early Floian) trilobites from Northern Spitsbergen from the section through the Kirtonryggen Formation adjacent to Hinlopen Strait.