Fossil Mammals of Asia : Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology

The first textbook devoted to the late Cenozoic (Neogene) mammalian biostratigraphy and geochronology of Asia, this volume deploys cutting edge biostratigraphical and geochemical dating methods to map the emergence of mammals across the continent. Written by specialists working in a variety of Asian regions, it uses data from many basins with spectacular fossil records to establish a groundbreaking geochronologic framework for land mammal evolution. Asia’s violent tectonic history has resulted in some of the world’s most varied topography, and its high mountain ranges and intense monsoon climates have spawned widely diverse environments over time. These geologic conditions profoundly influenced the evolution of Asian mammals and their migration into Europe, Africa, and North America. Focusing on amazing new fossil finds that have redefined Asia’s role in mammal evolution, this textbook synthesizes information from a range of field studies on Asian mammals and biostratigraphy, helping to trace the histories and movements of extinct and extant mammals from various major groups and all northern continents, and providing geologists from all disciplines with a richer understanding of a variety of Asia’s terrains. CONTENTS Introduction Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Framework Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius 1 PART I. EAST ASIA Chapter 1 Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China: Toward the Goal to Establish an Asian Land Mammal Stage/Age Scheme Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhu- ding Qiu, Tao Deng, Chuan- kui Li, Zhao- qun Zhang, Ban- yue Wang, and Xiaoming Wang 29 Chapter 2 North China Neogene Biochronology: A Chinese Standard Michael O. Woodburne, Richard H. Tedford, and Everett H. Lindsay 91 Chapter 3 A Single-Point Base Defi nition of the Xiejian Age as an Exemplar for Refi ning Chinese Land Mammal Ages Jin Meng, Jie Ye, Wen- yu Wu, Xi- jun Ni, and Shun- dong Bi 124 Chapter 4 Early Miocene Xiejiahe and Sihong Fossil Localities and Th eir Faunas, Eastern China Zhu- ding Qiu and Zhan- xiang Qiu 142 Chapter 5 Neogene Faunal Succession and Biochronology of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Zhu- ding Qiu, Xiaoming Wang, and Qiang Li 155 Chapter 6 Mammalian Biochronology of the Late Miocene Bahe Formation Zhao- qun Zhang, Anu Kaakinen, Li- ping Liu, Juha Pekka Lunkka, Sevket Sen, Wulf A. Gose, Zhu- ding Qiu, Shao- hua Zheng, and Mikael Fortelius 187 Chapter 7 Stratigraphy and Paleoecol ogy of the Classical Dragon Bone Localities of Baode County, Shanxi Province Anu Kaakinen, Benjamin H. Passey, Zhao- qun Zhang, Li- ping Liu, Lauri J. Pesonen, and Mikael Fortelius 203 Chapter 8 Review of the Litho-, Bio-, and Chronostratigraphy in the Nihewan Basin, Hebei, China Bao- quan Cai, Shao- hua Zheng, Joseph C. Liddicoat, and Qiang Li 218 Chapter 9 Late Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, Northwestern China Tao Deng, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Ban- yue Wang, Xiaoming Wang, and Su- kuan Hou 243 Chapter 10 Neogene Mammalian Biostratigraphy and Geochronology of the Tibetan Plateau Xiaoming Wang, Qiang Li, Zhu- ding Qiu, Guang- pu Xie, Ban- yue Wang, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhijie J. Tseng, Gary T. Takeuchi, and Tao Deng 274 Chapter 11 Hominoid- Producing Localities and Biostratigraphy in Yunnan Wei Dong and Guo- qin Qi 293 Chapter 12 Miocene Land Mammals and Stratigraphy of Japan Yukimitsu Tomida, Hideo Nakaya, Haruo Saegusa, Kazunori Miyata, and Akira Fukuchi 314 Chapter 13 Pliocene Land Mammals of Japan Ryohei Nakagawa, Yoshinari Kawamura, and Hiroyuki Taruno 334 PART II. SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Chapter 14 Th e Siwaliks and Neogene Evolutionary Biology in South Asia Lawrence J. Flynn, Everett H. Lindsay, David Pilbeam, S. Mahmood Raza, Michèle E. Morgan, John C. Barry, Catherine E. Badgley, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, I. U. Cheema, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, and Neil D. Opdyke 353 Chapter 15 Th e Neogene Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan John C. Barry, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Catherine E. Badgley, Lawrence J. Flynn, Hannele Peltonen, I. U. Cheema, David Pilbeam, Everett H. Lindsay, S. Mahmood Raza, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, and Michèle E. Morgan 373 Chapter 16 Mammalian Neogene Biostratigraphy of the Sulaiman Province, Pakistan Pierre- Olivier Antoine, Gregoire Métais, Maeva J. Orliac, J.- Y. Crochet, Lawrence J. Flynn, Laurent Marivaux, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, G. Roohi, and Jean- Loup Welcomme 400 Chapter 17 Indian Neogene Siwalik Mammalian Biostratigraphy: An Overview Rajeev Patnaik 423 Chapter 18 Paleobiogeography and South Asian Small Mammals: Neogene Latitudinal Faunal Variation Lawrence J. Flynn and Wilma Wessels 445 Chapter 19 Advances in the Biochronology and Biostratigraphy of the Continental Neogene of Myanmar Olivier Chavasseau, Aung Aung Khyaw, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Pauline Coster, Edouard- Georges Emonet, Aung Naing Soe, Mana Rugbumrung, Soe Th ura Tun, and Jean- Jacques Jaeger 461 PART III. NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA Chapter 20 Miocene Mammal Biostratigraphy of Central Mongolia (Valley of Lakes): New Results Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Demchig Badamgarav, Margarita Erbajeva, and Ursula Bettina Göhlich 477 Chapter 21 Late Cenozoic Mammal Faunas of the Baikalian Region: Composition, Biochronology, Dispersal, and Correlation with Central Asia Margarita Erbajeva and Nadezhda Alexeeva 495 Chapter 22 New Data on Miocene Biostratigraphy and Paleoclimatology of Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, Siberia) Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Madelaine Böhme, and Annette Kossler 508 PART IV. WEST ASIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS Chapter 23 Late Miocene Mammal Localities of Eastern Eu rope and Western Asia: Toward Biostratigraphic Synthesis Eleonora Vangengeim and Alexey S. Tesakov 521 Chapter 24 Late Miocene (Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas from Southern Eu ro pe an Rus sia Vadim V. Titov and Alexey S. Tesakov 538 Chapter 25 Recent Advances in Paleobiological Research of the Late Miocene Maragheh Fauna, Northwest Iran Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Raymond L. Bernor, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos, Dominik Wolf, Zahra Orak, Gholamreza Zare, Hideo Nakaya, Mahito Watabe, and Mikael Fortelius 546 Chapter 26 A Review of the Neogene Succession of the Muridae and Dipodidae from Anatolia, with Special Reference to Taxa Known from Asia and/or Eu rope Hans de Bruijn, Engin Ünay, and Kees Hordijk 566 Chapter 27 Late Miocene Fossils from the Baynunah Formation, United Arab Emirates: Summary of a De cade of New Work Faysal Bibi, Andrew Hill, Mark Beech, and Walid Yasin 583 Chapter 28 Neogene Mammal Biostratigraphy and Chronology of Greece George D. Koufos 595 PART V. ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOECOL OGY Chapter 29 Continental- Scale Patterns in Neogene Mammal Community Evolution and Biogeography: A Europe- Asia Perspective Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Li-ping Liu, Jussi T. Eronen, Raymond L. Bernor, and Mikael Fortelius 629 Chapter 30 Intercontinental Dispersals of Sicistine Rodents (Sicistinae, Dipodidae, Rodentia) Between Eurasia and North America Yuri Kimura 656 Chapter 31 Paleodietary Comparisons of Ungulates Between the Late Miocene of China, and Pikermi and Samos in Greece Nikos Solounias, Gina M. Semprebon, Matthew C. Mihlbachler, and Florent Rivals 676 List of Contributors 693 Taxonomic Index 701 General Index 723 CONTENTS 8 Introduction: Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Framework 14 PART I: EAST ASIA 40 1. Neogene Land Mammal Staegs/Ages of China: Toward the Goal to Establish an Asian Land Mammal Stage/Age Scheme 42 2. North China Neogene Biochronology: A Chinese Standard 104 3. A Single-Point Base Definition of the Xiejian Age as an Exemplar for Refining Chinese Land Mammal Ages 137 4. Early Miocene Xiejiahe and Sihong Fossil Localities and Their Faunas, Eastern China 155 5. Neogene Faunal Succession and Biochronology of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) 168 6. Mammalian Biochronology of the Late Miocene Bahe Formation 200 7. Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Classical Dragon Bone Localities of Baode County, Shanxi Province 216 8. Review of the Litho-, Bio-, and Chronostratigraphy in the Nihewan Basin, Hebei, China 231 9. Late Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, Northwestern China 256 10. Neogene Mammalian Biostratigraphy and Geochrnology of the Tibetan Plateau 287 11. Hominoid-Producing Localities and Biostratigraphy in Yunnan 306 12. Miocene Land Mammals and Stratigraphy of Japan 327 13. Pliocene Land Mammals of Japan 347 PART II: SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 364 14. The Siwaliks and Neogene Evolutionary Biology in South Asia 366 15. The Neogene Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan 386 16. Mammalian Neogene Biostratigraphy of the Sulaiman Province, Pakistan 413 17. Indian Neogene Siwalik Mammalian Biostratigraphy: An Overview 436 18. Paleobiogeography and South Asian Small Mammals: Neogene Latitudinal Faunal Variation 458 19. Advances in the Biochronology and Biostratigraphy of the Continental Neogene of Myanmar 474 PART III: NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA 488 20. Miocene Mammal Biostratigraphy of Central Mongolia (Valley of Lakes): New Results 490 21. Late Cenozoic Mammal Faunas of the Baikalian Region: Composition, Biochronology, Disperasal, and Correlation with Central Asia 508 22. New Data on Miocene Biostratigraphy and Paleoclimatology of Olkhon Islan (Lake Baikal, Siberia) 521 PART IV: WEST ASIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS 532 23. Late Miocene Mammal Localities of Eastern Europe and Western Asia 534 24. Late Miocene (Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas from Southern European Russia 551 25. Recent Advances in Paleobiological Reserach of the Late Miocene Maragheh Fauna, Northwest Iran 559 26. A Review of the Neogene Succession of the Muridae and Dipodidae from Anatolia, wiht Special Reference to Taxa Known from Asia and/or Europe 593 27. Late Miocene Fossils from the Baynunah Formation, United Arab Emirates: Summary of a Decade of New Work 610 28. Neogene Mammal Biostratigraphy and Chronology of Greece 622 PART V: ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY 654 29. Contintental-Scale Patterns in Neogene Mammal Community Evolution and Biogeography: A Europe-Asia Perspective 656 30. Intercontinental Dispersals of Sicistine Rodents (Sicistinae, Dipodidae, Rodentia) Between Eurasia and North America 683 31. Paeleodiatary Comparisons of Ungulates Between the Late Miocene of China, and Pikermi and Samos in Greece 703 List of Contributors 720 Taxonomic Index 728 General Index 750 Fossil Mammals of Asia , edited by and with contributions from world-renowned scholars, is the first major work devoted to the late Cenozoic (Neogene) mammalian biostratigraphy and geochronology of Asia. This volume employs cutting-edge biostratigraphic and geochemical dating methods to map the emergence of mammals across the continent. Written by specialists working in a variety of Asian regions, it uses data from many basins with spectacular fossil records to establish a groundbreaking geochronological framework for the evolution of land mammals. Asia's violent tectonic history has resulted in some of the world's most varied topography, and its high mountain ranges and intense monsoon climates have spawned widely diverse environments over time. These geologic conditions profoundly influenced the evolution of Asian mammals and their migration into Europe, Africa, and North America. Focusing on amazing new fossil finds that have redefined Asia's role in mammalian evolution, this volume synthesizes information from a range of field studies on Asian mammals and biostratigraphy, helping to trace the histories and movements of extinct and extant mammals from various major groups and all northern continents, and providing geologists with a richer understanding of a variety of Asian terrains.