FORMS OF FELLOW FEELING : EMPATHY, SYMPATHY, CONCERN AND MORAL AGENCY; ED. BY NEIL ROUGHLEY

What Is The Basis Of Our Capacity To Act Morally? This Is A Question That Has Been Discussed For Millennia, With Philosophical Debate Typically Distinguishing Two Sources Of Morality: Reason And Sentiment. This Collection Aims To Shed Light On Whether The Human Capacity To Feel For Others Really Is Central For Morality And, If So, In What Way. To Tackle These Questions, The Authors Discuss How Fellow Feeling Is To Be Understood: Its Structure, Content And Empirical Conditions. Also Discussed Are The Exact Roles That Relevant Psychological Features - Specifically: Empathy, Sympathy And Concern - May Play Within Morality. The Collection Is Unique In Bringing Together The Key Participants In The Various Discussions Of The Relation Of Fellow Feeling To Moral Norms, Moral Concepts And Moral Agency. By Integrating Conceptually Sophisticated And Empirically Informed Perspectives, Forms Of Fellow Feeling Will Appeal To Readers From Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology And Cultural Studies-- Machine Generated Contents Note: Part I: 1. Introduction: Empathy, Sympathy, Concern And Moral Agency Neil Roughley And Thomas Schramme; Part Ii. Empathy, Sympathy And Concern: 2. Empathy, Altruism, And Helping: Conceptual Distinctions, Empirical Relations Dan Batson; 3. Self-recognition, Empathy And Concern For Others In Toddlers Doris Bischof-kohler And Norbert Bischof; Part Iii. Understanding Empathy: 4. Self-simulation And Empathy Heidi Maibom; 5. Empathy As An Instinct Michael Slote; 6. A Moral Account Of Empathy And Fellow Feeling Lawrence Blum; Part Iv. Fellow Feeling And The Development Of Pro Sociality: 7. Empathy-related Responding And Its Relations To Positive Development Nancy Eisenberg; 8. An Interdisciplinary Perspective On The Origins Of Concern For Others: Contributions From Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, And Sociobiology Carolyn Zahn-waxler, Andrew Schoen And Jean Decety; 9. Sophisticated Concern In Early Childhood Amrisha Vaish; Part V. Empathy And Morality: 10. Is Empathy Required For Making Moral Judgements? John Deigh; 11. The Empathy In Moral Obligation. An Exercise In Creature Construction Neil Roughley; 12. Empathy And Reciprocating Attitudes Stephen Darwall; 13. The Role Of Empathy In An Agential Account Of Morality: Lessons From Autism And Psychopathy Thomas Schramme. Edited By Neil Roughley, University Of Duisburg-essen, Thomas Schramme, University Of Liverpool. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover Half-title Title page Copyright information Table of contents Notes on contributors I Introduction 1 Empathy, Sympathy, Concern and Moral Agency 1. Forms of Fellow Feeling 1.1 Fellow Feeling 1.2 Affect Valence 1.3 Affective States and Transindividual Affect Transfer Mechanisms 1.4 Content, Target, Object and Focus: The Case of Sympathy 1.5 The Obscure Target of Empathy 1.6 Consequences, Preconditions and Aetiology 2. Fellow Feeling and Moral Agency 2.1 Fellow Feeling and Prosociality 2.2 Two Distinctions in Accounts of Morality 2.3 Fellow Feeling, the Good and the Right 2.4 Sympathy, Empathy and Moral Agency 3. Conclusion Literature II Empathy, Sympathy and Concern 2 Empathy, Altruism, and Helping: Conceptual Distinctions, Empirical Relations 1. The Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis Empathic Concern Altruistic Motivation Back to the Hypothesis 2. Antecedents and Consequences of Empathy-Induced Altruistic Motivation Two Antecedents of Empathic Concern Consequences of Empathy-Induced Altruistic Motivation 3. Evidence of Empathy-Induced Altruistic Motivation References 3 Self-Recognition, Empathy, and Concern for Others in Toddlers 1. Introduction 2. Empathy Experiments 3. Mirror Experiments 4. Identification 5. Self–Other Differentiation 6. A Systemic View of Empathy 7. Conclusion References III Understanding Empathy 4 Self-Simulation and Empathy 1. The Compelling View: Subjective Engagement with the Other 2. Failure to Forecast 3. Forecasting 4. Perspective Taking and Empathy 5. Conclusion Bibliography 5 Empathy as an Instinct 1 2 3 4 References 6 A Moral Account of Empathy and Fellow Feeling 1. Max Scheler 2. Fellow Feeling and Commitment to/Responsiveness to Others’ Well-Being 3. Fellow Feeling and Recognitional Attitudes 4. Common Conceptions of Empathy in Light of this Moral Analysis 5. What Is the Intentional Object of Fellow Feeling: State of Mind, Objective Situation 6. Barriers to the Understanding of the Other Required by Fellow Feeling 7. Difference between Different Forms of Fellow Feeling Bibliography IV Fellow Feeling and the Development of Prosociality 7 Empathy-Related Responding and Its Relations to Positive Development 1. Limitations of the Early Research on Empathy-Related Responding 2. Does Empathy-Related Responding Relate to Prosocial Behavior? 3. Empathy-Related Responding and Prosocial Moral Reasoning 4. Relations of Empathy-Related Responding with Aggression/Externalizing Problems versus Social Adjustment 5. Empathy-Related Responding and Self-Regulation 6. The Origins of Empathy-Related Responding 7. Conclusions References 8 An Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Origins of Concern for Others 1. Introduction 2. Historical Considerations 3. Developmental Origins of Concern for Others Sociobiological Considerations Neurobiological Considerations 4. A Theory of the Development of Empathy in Humans 5. The Development of Concern for Others in Humans: Empirical Evidence Typical Development of Concern for Others 6. Expansions of Research on Concern for Others Developments in the First Year of Life Empathic Happiness and Empathic Cheerfulness 7. Maladaptive Responses to Others in Distress Surfeits of Concern for Others in Distress Deficits in Concern for Others in Distress Active Disregard Passive Disregard for Others 8. Reflections and Future Directions Motives for Prosocial Behavior Nature and Nurture Cognition and Emotion Kith, Kin, and Beyond References 9 Sophisticated Concern in Early Childhood 1. Multidetermined Empathic Concern Empirical Examination of Hoffman’s Theory 2. Context-Dependent Empathic Concern 3. Adult Empathic Responding: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes Bottom-Up Empathic Processes Top-Down Processes 4. Multidetermined and Context-Dependent Empathic Responding in Development Can Top-Down Processes Generate Empathic Responses in Children? Can Top-Down Processes Modulate Empathic Responses in Children? 5. The Mechanisms of Development 6. Multidetermined and Context-Dependent Prosocial Behavior 7. Future Directions and Conclusions References V Empathy and Morality 10 Is Empathy Required for Making Moral Judgments? 1. Hume’s Account of Our Moral Sensibilities 2. A Problem with Hume’s Account 3. A Proposal 4. Metaethics 5. Two Ways of Making Moral Judgments 6. A Kantian Objection References 11 The Empathy in Moral Obligation 1. Semantic and Methodological Preliminaries Moral Obligation Morality Methodology 2. The Emotional Construction of Moral Obligation, Stage I 3. The Emotional Construction of Moral Obligation, Stage II 4. The Emotional Construction of Moral Obligation, Stage III 5. The Emotional Construction of Moral Obligation, Stage IV 6. Moral Obligation 7. Some Consequences for Deontic Moral Judgements Bibliography 12 Empathy and Reciprocating Attitudes 1. Reciprocal Attitudes 2. Reactive, Second- Personal Attitudes and Reciprocity 3. Blame and Guilt as Reciprocating Attitudes Bibligraphy 13 The Role of Empathy in an Agential Account of Morality: Lessons from Autism and Psychopathy 1. Introduction How the (Possibly) Constitutive Role of Empathy for Morality Ought to Be Conceived 2. Empathy and Morality in Autism and Psychopathy 3. Conceptual Issues Regarding Moral Agency 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements References Author Index Subject Index This collection addresses a perennial issue that is of concern in many different disciplines: what is the basis of our capacity to act morally? In this unique volume, renowned scholars from psychology and philosophy are brought together to discuss the emotional foundations of moral agency.