Формирование промышленной политики. Соединенные Штаты, Великобритания и Франция в период становления железнодорожной отрасли

Соединенные Штаты, Великобритания и Франция в период становления железнодорожной отрасли [Текст] / авториз. пер. с англ. Е. Б. Головлянициной под науч. ред. В. В. Радаева; Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики». — М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2013. — 368 с. — (Социальная теория). — ISBN 978-5-7598-0999-9 (в пер.). В книге раскрывается роль политической культуры в формировании промышленной политики на основе сравнительного анализа становления и развития железнодорожной отрасли в США, Франции и Великобритании. Книга может быть интересна представителям широкого круга социальных наук — социологам, экономистам, историкам, политологам и культурологам. Why do nations pursue such different industrial policy strategies today? The United States enforces market competition and eschews state leadership in virtually every industry. Meanwhile, French state technocrats orchestrate sectoral growth from above, and Britain bolsters firms against interference from both markets and state officials. Political scientists generally explain industrial policy choices by interest-group preferences, but why then do groups in America always win market-oriented policies? Economists generally explain industrial policy choices by the functional needs of industry, but why then do British industries always need firm autonomy? In Forging Industrial Policy, Frank Dobbin traces the evolution of nineteenth-century policies governing one of the first modernizing industries - the railroads. To organize their emergent industrial economies, nations employed principles found in political institutions. The United States used the principle of community self-determination to give municipalities responsibility for promoting railroads. France used the principle of central state supremacy to give government engineers responsibility for orchestrating rail development. Britain used the principle of individual sovereignty to guard railway entrepreneurs against interference from competitors and public officials. In consequence, nations' institutions for achieving industrial rationality and growth came to parallel their institutions for achieving political order. Today, the industrial policy strategies that emerged in the nineteenth century persist because they have shaped ideas about how industrial efficiency is achieved. This book offers a fresh perspective on modernity that highlights the importance of meaning in rationalized institutions. It has wide-ranging implications for understanding the role of institutions and culture in all instrumental realms of life - from management to economics to science. The United States, France and Britain use markedly different kinds of industrial policies to foster economic growth today. To understand the origins of these different policies, this book examines the evolution of public policies governing one of the first modern industries, the railroads. The author challenges conventional thinking in economics, political science and sociology by arguing that cultural meaning plays an important role in the development of purportedly rational policies designed to promote industrial growth. This book has implications for the study of rational institutions of all sorts, including science, management and economics, as well as for the study of culture Frank Dobbin. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 233-253) And Index.