Form and Function in Greek Grammar : Linguistic Contributions to the Study of Greek Literature

Albert Rijksbaron is internationally known as one of the leading scholars of the Ancient Greek language, whose work has exerted a strong and lasting influence on the scholarly debate concerning many aspects of Greek linguistics. This volume brings together twenty of his papers, two of which have been translated into English and some which are not easily accessible elsewhere. The selection represents the full range of Rijksbaronђ́ةs research, including papers on central topics in Greek linguistics such as tense-aspect, mood, voice, particles, negation, the article, questions, discourse analysis, as well as on the views of ancient grammarians and modern commentators. As a whole, the volume shows how much linguistic analysis can contribute to our understanding of Greek literary texts Form and Function in Greek Grammar: Linguistic Contributions to the Study of Greek Literature ‎Contents ‎Acknowledgements ‎Albert Rijksbaron—CV and Publications ‎Introduction Note on Editorial Practice 1 A Review of: H. Hettrich, Kontext und Aspekt in der altgriechischen Prosa Herodots 1 Introduction 1.1 Aspect as a Universal Category 1.2 Aspect versus Tense 1.3 Subjectivity; Freedom of Choice; Sentence and Context 2 Hettrich’s Analysis 3 Conclusion Bibliography 2 The Greek Perfect: Subject versus Object 1 Introduction 2 The Views of Wackernagel and Chantraine 3 The Perfect in Homer 4 The Perfect after Homer, and the Rise of the -κ- perfect 5 Perfect and Aorist 6 Conclusion Rosetta Stone Preamble, Lines 9–36 Bibliography 3 The Discourse Function of the Imperfect 1 Introduction 2 The Temporal Properties of the Indicatives 2.1 Present Indicative 2.2 Perfect Indicative 2.3 Future Indicative 2.4 Future Perfect 2.5 Imperfect 2.6 Pluperfect 2.7 Aorist Indicative 2.8 Conclusion of Sections 2.1.–2.7. 3 The Discourse Function of the Imperfect in Herodotus 4 Some conclusions Bibliography 4. Sur les emplois de λέγε et εἰπέ chez Platon 1 Introduction 2 λέγε et εἰπέ chez Platon 2.1 Le Gorgias 2.2 Le Philèbe 2.3 Le Ménexène 3 Conclusion Références 5 On False Historic Presents in Sophocles (and Euripides) 1 The Function of the Historic Present 2 Some Syntactic and Semantic Features of the Historic Present 3 Some Conclusions 4 The Unaugmented Imperfect (and Aorist) 5 A List of Historic Presents in Sophocles That May Actually Be Imperfects; Text and Apparatus Lloyd-Jones & Wilson, with Additions 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Discussion, Continued 6 Historic Presents in Euripides That May Be Imperfects 6.1 Discussion 7 General Conclusions Appendix: Historic and Actual Presents References 6 Ἀκροᾶσθαι or ἀκροάσασθαι (Plato, Ion 530d9)? Ἀκροᾶσθαι Ἀκροάσασθαι Σχολή + Present Infinitive Σχολή + Aorist Infinitive Conclusion Bibliography 7 The Imperfect as the Tense of Substitutionary Perception Narrativity and the Imperfect Greek Narrative and the Imperfect Substitutionary Perception in Greek Epilogue: an Example from Latin Conclusion References 8 How Does a Messenger Begin His Speech? Some Observations on the Opening Lines of Euripidean Messenger Speeches 1 Introduction 2 Survey of Content 3 Messenger Speeches That Open with an ἐπεί-clause 3.1 List of Plays 3.2 What Do the ἐπεί-clauses Refer to? Is the Addressee Acquainted with the Event Referred to? 3.3 Conclusion 4 Messenger Speeches That Open with a Simple Sentence 4.1 List of Plays 4.2 Conclusion 5 How Does the Messenger Know Where to Begin His Speech? 6 Conclusion References 9 Discourse Cohesion in the Proem of Hesiod’s Theogony Conclusion Appendix to στεῖχον, line 10: a Focalising Imperfect in the Myth of Plato’s Phaedrus The Structure of the Proem of Hesiod’s Theogony Bibliography 10 On the Syntax and Pragmatics of inquit Formulae in Plato’s Narrated Dialogues 1 Frequency and Distribution of the inquit Formulae ἔφη/ἔφην and ἦ δ ̓ ὅς/ἦν δ ̓ ἐγώ 2 ἔφη/ἦ δ ̓ ὅς and ἔφην/ἦν δ ̓ ἐγώ in Context 3 Combinatory Preferences of ἔφη/ἦ δ ̓ ὅς and ἔφην/ἦν δ ̓ ἐγώ 3.1 ἔφη ὑπολαβών and Variants ‘he said, taking up this point, taking over’ 3.2 ἀληθῆ, ἀληθέστατα (λέγεις), inquit 3.3 Εἰἑν, inquit 3.4 τοίνυν, inquit 3.5 Results of the Above Investigation 4 The Opening Section of Lysis 5 Application to an Extended Passage: Plato, Phaedo 60d8–62a1 Works cited 11 Sur quelques différences entre οὗτος ὁ + substantif, οὗτος δὲ ὁ + substantif, ὁ δὲ + substantif + οὗτος chez Hérodote 1 οὗτος ὁ + substantif 2 οὗτος δὲ ὁ + substantif 3 ὁ δὲ + substantif + οὗτος 4 Conclusion Références 12 Sur les emplois de ἐάν et ἐπεάν (à propos d’Euripide, Bacchae 50–51) 1 Subordonée en ἐάν à valeur future: ‘éventualité’ ou ‘attente’? 2 Subordonnée en ἐπεάν à valeur future: la ‘certitude’ 3 Ἐάν et ἐπεάν ‘génériques’: ‘réalisation occasionnelle’ et ‘réalisation nécessaire’ 4 Conclusion Références 13 The Syntax and Semantics of Expressions of Sorrow and Related Concepts in Homer Introduction 1 Ἄχεα etc. as Object 1.1 Constructions with ἔχειν 1.2 Constructions with διδόναι and Other Verbs of Giving 1.3 Constructions with τιθέναι 1.4 Constructions with πῆμα/πήματα as Object 1.5 Some Particulars 2 The Same Words as Subject, but Mostly in the Singular 2.1 Of εἶναι and γενέσθαι, + Dative; Also of Verbless Sentences 2.2 Of Momentaneous Verb Forms of Seizing: λαβεῖν, ἑλεῖν 2.3 With Verbs of Reaching 2.4 With Verbs of Approaching Select bibliography 14 The Meaning and Word Class of πρότερον and τὸ πρότερον 1 Introduction 2 Some (Morpho-)syntactic Observations 3 Τὸ πρότερον and πρότερον 4 Some Syntactic-Semantic Differences 5 Further Examples 5.1 Of τὸ πρότερον with a Form of the Aorist Stem; = ‘the previous time’ 5.2 Of τὸ πρότερον with a Form of the Present Stem; = ‘during the preceding time’ 5.3 Of πρότερον = ‘before, earlier’ 6 The Word Class of πρότερον and τὸ πρότερον 6.1 From a Traditional Point of View 6.2 From a Functional Point of View References 15 Adverb or Connector? The Case of καὶ ... δέ 1 Introduction 2 The Use of καὶ ... δέ Connecting Single Words 2.1 καὶ ... δέ Connects Two Items | 2.2 καὶ ... δέ Connects Two Items in a Series of Three or More Items 3 καὶ ... δέ Connects Clauses or Sentences 3.1 Preceded by τε or καί 3.2 Other Cases 3.3 καὶ ... δέ = ‘and also/too’? 3.4 οὐδὲ ... δέ 3.5 μὲν ... καὶ ... δέ 4 Conclusion Appendix: καὶ ... δὲ ὡσαύτως, and Other Constructions Involving ὡσαύτως References 16 Sur l’article avec nom propre 1 Article et nom de personne en grec ancien, en général... 2 ... et dans l’Anabase de Xénophon en particulier 3 Κῦρος contre ὁ Κῦρος 4 Les alternances des prises de parole 5 La position spéciale de Cyrus 6 Les noms de personne dans la Cyropédie 7 Article et nom de personne chez Platon 8 Conclusion Références 17 Does Ancient Greek Have a Word for ‘No’? The Evidence from οὐκοῦν (...) οὐ Questions 1 Preliminaries 2 Questions with Bare οὐκοῦν and the Answers to οὐκοῦν 3 The Semantics of οὐ in οὐκοῦν Questions 4 Questions with οὐκοῦν ... οὐ and the Answers to οὐκοῦν ... οὐ 5 Latin and Other Parallels 6 Modern Greek 7 Semantic and Pragmatic Features of ‘no’ and ‘not’ in Answers 8 Summary Appendix: οὐχί and οὔχι/ὄχι/όχι (Continuation of Footnote 33) References 18 The Treatment of the Greek Middle Voice by the Ancient Grammarians 1 Dionysius Thrax and His Scholiasts 2 Apollonius Dyscolus 3 Choeroboscus 4 The Latin Grammarians 4.1 Macrobius 4.2 Charisius and Priscianus 5 Conclusion: a Comparison with Philosophical Approaches References 19 A Question of Questions: peusis, erôtêsis and [Longinus] Περὶ ὕψους 18.1 References 20 The Xenophon Factory: One Hundred and Fifty Years of School Editions of Xenophon’s Anabasis 1 Introduction 2 Nineteenth-Century Education, in Germany and Elsewhere 3 School Editions of the Anabasis 4 Cultural Differences 5 ‘Für den Schulgebrauch’—or is There More to It? 6 Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.1–4: What Are the Problems? 7 Conclusion Appendix: Krüger on Δαρείου καὶ Παρυσάτιδος Works Cited ‎Index Rerum ‎Index Graecitatis ‎Index Locorum