Forest Growth Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century

This Special Issue of Water, Air and Soil Pollution offers contributions from the th 18 IUFRO workshop on Air Pollution Stress, Forest Responses to the Pollution st Climate of the 21 Century held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from September 21 to 23,1998. The meeting was held under the auspices of IUFRO, Research Group 7.04.00 chaired by Dr Kevin Percy of Canada. A new session structure was adopted to stimulate activity within the six working parties and a brief resume of these is presented at the front of this volume. The two, one-day plenary sessions were devoted to the two important air pollution issues, nitrogen deposition and ozone. Invited papers were augmented by a large and excellent contribution of poster papers. The final day comprised parallel Working Party Sessions with pre­ arranged speakers to stimulate discussions. One hundred and thirty one scientists attended, representing 20 countries and 7 IUFRO regions: Northern Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, North America, Asia and the Western Pacific. Lucy Sheppard David Fowler Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 116: 1, 1999. Front Matter....Pages i-3 The Global Exposure of Forests to Air Pollutants....Pages 5-32 Overview of Recent Growth Trends in European Forests....Pages 33-46 Consequences of N Deposition to Forest Ecosystems — Recent Results and Future Research Needs....Pages 47-64 The Impact of Nitrogen on Forest Soils and Feedbacks on Tree Growth....Pages 65-74 Atmospheric Input to Danish Spruce Forests and Effects on Soil Acidification and Forest Growth Based on 12 Years Measurements....Pages 75-88 The Effect of N Deposition on Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide Emissions from Temperate Forest Soils....Pages 89-98 Nitrogen and Its Effect on Growth, Nutrient Status and Parasite Attacks in Beech and Norway Spruce....Pages 99-110 Impacts of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Deposition on Norway Spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst) Roots....Pages 111-120 Fate of Nitrogen Compounds Deposited to Spruce ( Picea ables Karst .) and Pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) Forests located in Different Air Pollution and Climatic Conditions....Pages 121-127 Simulation of Increased Nitrogen Deposition to a Montane Forest Ecosystem: Partitioning of the Added 15 N....Pages 129-134 Some Effects of N on Ectomycorrhizal Diversity of Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in Northeastern Germany....Pages 135-140 Chemical Composition of Air, Soil and Vegetation in Forests of the Silesian Beskid Mountains, Poland....Pages 141-150 Forest Health in North America: Some Perspectives on Actual and Potential Roles of Climate and Air Pollution....Pages 151-197 Ozone — A Risk Factor for Trees and Forests in Europe?....Pages 199-226 Observation and Confirmation of Foliar Ozone Symptoms of Native Plant Species of Switzerland and Southern Spain....Pages 227-234 Deciduous Conifers: High N Deposition and O 3 Exposure Effects on Growth and Biomass Allocation in Ponderosa Pine....Pages 235-248 Changes in Free-Radical Scavengers Describe the Susceptibility of Pinus Ponderosa to Ozone in Southern Californian Forests....Pages 249-254 Visible Ozone Injury on Forest Trees in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA....Pages 255-260 Mature Black Cherry Used as a Bioindicator of Ozone Injury....Pages 261-266 Foliar Symptoms and Growth Reduction of Ailanthus altissima Desf. in an Area with High Ozone and Acidic Deposition in Italy....Pages 267-272 The Relative Sensitivity of Different Mediterranean Plant Species to Ozone Exposure....Pages 273-277 Biochemical Processes in an Ecosystem: How Should They be Measured?....Pages 279-298 Environmental Limitations to O 3 Uptake — Some Key Results from Young Trees Growing at Elevated CO 2 Concentrations....Pages 299-310 Effects of Tropospheric O 3 on Trembling Aspen and Interaction with CO 2 : Results from an O 3 -Gradient and a Face Experiment....Pages 311-322 Responses of Young Trees (Five Species in a Chamber Exposure) to Near-Ambient Ozone Concentrations....Pages 323-332 Pigment Concentrations and Ratios of Aleppo Pine Seedlings Exposed to Ozone....Pages 333-338 Passive Ozone Monitoring for Forest Health Assessment....Pages 339-344 Tropospheric Ozone in Alpine Forest Sites: Air Quality Monitoring and Statistical Data Analysis....Pages 345-350 Short-Term Changes of Response Indicators of Ecosystem Status in Broadleaved Forests in Tuscany (Central Italy)....Pages 351-356 Growth of Mature Beech in Relation to Ozone and Nitrogen Deposition: An Epidemiological Approach....Pages 357-364 Difference in Needle Length — A New and Objective Indicator of Pollution Impact on Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )....Pages 365-370 Implementation of Quality Assurance Procedures in the Italian Programs of Forest Condition Monitoring....Pages 371-376 Bioindication of Different Stresses in Forest Decline Studies in Slovenia....Pages 377-382 Can Graphical Vector Analysis be Used to Identify Micro Nutrient Deficiency?....Pages 383-388 Relationships between Crown Condition of Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and Throughfall Chemistry....Pages 389-394 Industrial Pollutants Tend to Increase Genetic Diversity: Evidence from Field-Grown European Scots Pine Populations....Pages 395-402 Among-Provenance Variability of Gas Exchange and Growth in Response to Long-Term Elevated CO 2 Exposure....Pages 403-412 Biochemical Responses and Altered Genetic Expression Patterns in Ponderosa Pine ( Pinus ponderosa Doug ex P. Laws) Grown under Elevated CO 2 ....Pages 413-422 Treatment of Young Spruce Shoots with SO 2 and H 2 S: Effects on Fine Root Chromosomes in Relation to Changes in the Thiol Content and Redox State....Pages 423-428 Effect of UV-B Dose on Biosytnthesis of Epicuticular Waxes in Blue Spruce ( Picea pungens Engelmann.) Primary Needles: Preliminary Investigation....Pages 429-436 A New Imitative Model to Predict the Impact of Air Pollutants on Scots Pine Health and Radial Increment....Pages 437-442 State of Science and Knowledge Gaps with Respect to Air Pollution Impacts on Forests: Reports from Concurrent IUFRO 7.04.00 Working Party Sessions....Pages 443-448 These proceedings consist of papers presented at the 18th IUFRO workshop on Forest Growth Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century, held in Edinburgh in September 1998. Included are authoritative reviews and experimental evidence of forest growth responses in Europe and North America to the dominant components of air pollution, namely nitrogen and ozone, and their interactions with environmental influences. Nitrogen effects include changes in tree growth, nutrient status and biochemistry. Responses of root mycorrhiza and pathogenic fungi, and changes in trace gas fluxes and soil chemistry are also covered. Effects of the gaseous pollutants, O3, SO2 and O3/CO2 interactions, are discussed in terms of visible injury and biochemical changes. The role and methods of forest health monitoring programmes and the use of bioindicators are evaluated. This book is primarily for people who want a better understanding of how and why forests respond to air pollution, and the implications for the stability of forest ecosystems