غذاهای گیاهی در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان (سری تغذیه و تغذیه دام)

Forage in Ruminant Nutrition is the 12th text in a series of books about animal feeing and nutrition. The series is intended to keep readers updated on the developments occurring in these fields. As it is apparent that ruminant animals are important throughout the world because of the meat and milk they produce, knowledge about the feeds available to ruminants must also be considered for increased production and efficiency. This text provides information that readers will find considerably invaluable about forage feeds, such as grass, legumes, hay, and straw. The book is composed of 16 chapters that feature the following concepts of ruminant forage feeding: • composition of ruminant products and the nutrients required for maintenance and reproduction; • energy and nutrient available in forage: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, selenium, and cobalt; • intake of forage by housed ruminants; • grazing; • forage digestibility; • protein in ruminant nutrition; • protein and other nutrient deficiencies. This volume will be an invaluable reference for students and professionals in agricultural chemistry and grassland and animal husbandry researches. Front Cover......Page 1 Forage in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Foreword......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 Terminology and Symbols Used......Page 14 I. Introduction......Page 20 II. Composition of Ruminant Products......Page 21 III. Nutrients Required for Maintenance and Reproduction......Page 22 IV. Nutrients in Forage......Page 23 V. Sources of Nutrients......Page 27 II. Measurement of Voluntary Intake......Page 28 III. Forage Factors Controlling Voluntary Intake......Page 36 IV. Prediction of Voluntary Intake......Page 63 V. Increasing Voluntary Intake......Page 70 VI. Conclusion......Page 77 II. Measurement of Forage Intake......Page 79 IV. Physical Constraints......Page 85 V. Forage Differences......Page 95 VI. Improving Intake......Page 100 VII. Conclusion......Page 103 I. Digestibility and Its Measurement......Page 104 II. Variation in Forage Digestibility......Page 114 III. Prediction of Forage Digestibility......Page 140 IV. Increasing Digestibility......Page 158 V. Conclusion......Page 167 II. Efficiency of Utilization of Metabolizable Energy......Page 169 III. Improving the Efficiency of Energy Utilization......Page 177 IV. Conclusion......Page 180 I. Protein in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 181 II. Crude Protein in Forage......Page 197 III. Diagnosis of Protein Deficiency......Page 209 IV. Preventing Protein Deficiency......Page 213 V. Conclusion......Page 224 I. Calcium in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 227 II. Calcium in Forage......Page 233 III. Diagnosis of Calcium Deficiency......Page 243 IV. Preventing Calcium Deficiency......Page 246 V. Conclusion......Page 248 I. Phosphorus in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 249 II. Phosphorus in Forage......Page 261 III. Diagnosis of Phosphorus Deficiency......Page 270 IV. Preventing Phosphorus Deficiency......Page 277 V. Conclusion......Page 282 I. Magnesium in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 284 II. Magnesium in Forage......Page 294 III. Diagnosis of Magnesium Deficiency......Page 299 IV. Preventing Magnesium Deficiency......Page 302 V. Conclusion......Page 308 I. Sodium in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 310 II. Sodium in Forage......Page 314 III. Diagnosis of Sodium Deficiency......Page 324 IV. Prevention of Sodium Deficiency......Page 326 V. Conclusion......Page 327 I. Copper in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 329 II. Copper in Forage......Page 335 III. Diagnosis of Copper Deficiency......Page 343 IV. Prevention of Copper Deficiency......Page 347 V. Conclusion......Page 350 I. Iodine in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 352 II. Iodine in Forage......Page 355 III. Diagnosis of Iodine Deficiency......Page 359 IV. Preventing Iodine Deficiency......Page 362 V. Conclusion......Page 363 I. Zinc in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 365 II. Zinc in Forage......Page 369 III. Diagnosis of Zinc Deficiency......Page 374 IV. Prevention of Zinc Deficiency......Page 376 V. Conclusion......Page 377 I. Manganese in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 378 II. Manganese in Forage......Page 380 III. Diagnosis of Manganese Deficiency......Page 385 V. Conclusion......Page 386 I. Selenium in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 388 II. Selenium in Forage......Page 392 III. Diagnosing a Selenium Deficiency......Page 395 IV. Correcting a Selenium Deficiency......Page 398 V. Conclusion......Page 400 I. Cobalt in Ruminant Nutrition......Page 401 II. Cobalt in Forage......Page 404 III. Diagnosis of Cobalt Deficiency......Page 409 IV. Prevention of Cobalt Deficiency......Page 412 V. Conclusion......Page 414 Glossary of Forage Names......Page 416 References......Page 422 Index......Page 482 For ranchers, veterinarians, and others concerned with the nutrition of cattl and other domestic ruminants, draws information from both plant and animal sciences to present a guide to more efficient foraging practices. Considers which nutrients are likely to be deficient in grazed and conserved for