Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering [recurso electrónico] A Global Criminal Justice Perspective

Professional football means many things to many people. For players, a means to possible fame and fortune. For fans, a source of local or national pride, and perhaps the chance to score with a few bets. For criminal organizations, a cover for making millions in corrupt enterprises. In the world of gambling this is no different. Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering describes in impressive detail the scope of the problem, the layers of denial that allow sports-related financial crime to flourish, and the steps that are being taken--and that need to be taken--to combat illicit operations in the sports world. Expert analysis explains criminal activity in the context of football, and how sports governing bodies, the media, and others have created a culture that regularly turns a blind eye. International data and instructive legal case examples shed light on the role of the Internet in the spread of gambling and money laundering as well as the strengths and weaknesses of current law enforcement, legislative, and sports-based efforts in fighting corruption. Included in the coverage: • Criminal activity in the sports world • Financial crime and exploitation in football and gambling • Legal wagering and illegal betting, including online • Illegal and disguised payment instruments used by organized crime • International legal cooperation in combating money laundering • National and international proposals for improving the sports and gambling industries to prevent money laundering An authoritative reference to a growing and wide-reaching concern, Football, Gambling,and Money Laundering will find an interested audience among academics, prosecutors, judges, law enforcement officials, and others involved in efforts to curb corruption and money laundering in the world of football. Acknowledgments 5 Contents 6 About the Authors 8 Chapter 1 11 Introduction 11 Bibliography 15 Chapter 2 16 Sport 16 2.1 Sport and Cultural Heritage 16 2.2 Structural Violence and Organized Crime 17 2.3 Unlawful Practice and Consent 22 Bibliography 36 Chapter 3 38 Football 38 3.1 Football: A Dream or a Nightmare? 38 3.2 Typologies (Money Laundering Methods) 41 3.3 Prevention and Control 46 3.3.1 Financial Action Task Force 50 3.3.2 The FIUs, Law Enforcement Agencies, Securities and Exchange Commission, IRS, and Federal Reserve Banks 52 3.3.3 Fédération Internationale de Football Association, National Leagues, and Clubs 59 3.4 France: Control Model of Accounts in Football 69 3.5 The Need for Suspicious Activities Reports 71 Bibliography 73 Chapter 4 78 Gambling and Lotteries 78 4.1 Initial Considerations 78 4.2 Casinos 87 4.3 Lotteries 88 4.4 Typologies (Money Laundering Methods) 90 4.5 Measures for Crime Prevention 95 4.6 Enforcement Agencies 98 Bibliography 100 Chapter 5 105 Illegal Betting and Internet Gambling 105 Bibliography 109 Chapter 6 110 The Use of Illegal and Disguised Instruments for Payments (Cash/E-money, Offshore Accounts, NGOs) 110 Bibliography 118 Chapter 7 122 Combating Money Laundering Through Sport and Gambling: International Legal Cooperation 122 Bibliography 132 Chapter 8 133 Conclusions 133 Bibliography 147 Chapter 9 149 Proposals to Improve the War Against Money Laundering Through Gambling and Sport/Football 149 9.1 General Proposals 150 9.1.1 An International Perspective 150 9.1.1.1 Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 150 9.1.1.2 Law Enforcement Agencies, Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) 150 9.1.1.3 Tax Havens, Offshore Accounts, and Trusts 151 9.1.1.4 International Legal Cooperation, Repatriation, and Extraterritoriality: Conflict of Laws 154 9.1.2 A National Perspective 157 9.1.2.1 Institutional Measures (Executive and/or Legislative Branch) 157 9.1.2.2 Freezing, Seizing, Confiscating, and Repatriating Assets 157 9.1.2.3 Payments (in Cash/E-money, Stored Value Cards, Remittance companies, electronic payments, and via the Internet) 158 9.1.2.4 Offshore Accounts and Trusts 160 9.1.2.5 NGOs, NPOs, and Foundations 160 9.1.2.6 Money Laundering as a Crime 162 9.1.2.7 The Administration of Justice and the Role of Judges 163 9.2 Specific Proposals—Gambling and Sport/Football 163 9.2.1 Regulatory Agencies 163 9.2.1.1 Violation of Consumers’ Rights or Antitrust Laws and Underage Internet Betting 166 9.3 Specific Proposals—Gambling 167 9.4 Specific Proposals—Sport/Football 169 Bibliography 175 Index 177 Professional football means many things to many people. For players, a means to possible fame and fortune. For fans, a source of local or national pride, and perhaps the chance to score with a few bets. For criminal organizations, a cover for making millions in corrupt enterprises. In the world of gambling this is no different. Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering describes in impressive detail the scope of the problem, the layers of denial that allow sports-related financial crime to flourish, and the steps that are being taken--and that need to be taken--to combat illicit operations in the sports world. Expert analysis explains criminal activity in the context of football, and how sports governing bodies, the media, and others have created a culture that regularly turns a blind eye. International data and instructive legal case examples shed light on the role of the Internet in the spread of gambling and money laundering as well as the strengths and weaknesses of current law enforcement, legislative, and sports-based efforts in fighting corruption. Included in the coverage: - Criminal activity in the sports world - Financial crime and exploitation in football and gambling - Legal wagering and illegal betting, including online - Illegal and disguised payment instruments used by organized crime - International legal cooperation in combating money laundering - National and international proposals for improving the sports and gambling industries to prevent money laundering An authoritative reference to a growing and wide-reaching concern, Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering will find an interested audience among academics, prosecutors, judges, law enforcement officials, and others involved in efforts to curb corruption and money laundering in the world of football This Book Identifies Possible Loopholes In Existing International Legislation For Money Laundering In Sports. It Specifically Describes Proposals To Prevent And Monitor These Illegal Gambling Activities In Soccer. Introduction -- Sport -- Football -- Gambling And Lotteries -- Illegal Betting And Internet Gambling -- The Use Of Illegal And Disguised Instruments For Payments (cash, E-money, Offshore Accounts, Ngos) By Organized Crime -- Combating Money Laundering Through Sport And Gambling : International Legal Cooperation -- Conclusions -- Proposals To Improve The War Against Money Laundering Through Gambling And Sport/football. Fausto Martin De Sanctis. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Introduction....Pages 1-5 Sport....Pages 7-28 Football....Pages 29-68 Gambling and Lotteries....Pages 69-95 Illegal Betting and Internet Gambling....Pages 97-101 The Use of Illegal and Disguised Instruments for Payments (Cash/E-money, Offshore Accounts, NGOs) by Organized Crime....Pages 103-114 Combating Money Laundering Through Sport and Gambling: International Legal Cooperation....Pages 115-125 Conclusions....Pages 127-142 Proposals to Improve the War Against Money Laundering Through Gambling and Sport/Football....Pages 143-170 Back Matter....Pages 171-173