Food Allergens: Biochemistry and Molecular Nutrition (Food Microbiology and Food Safety)

A food allergen has the ability to first elicit an IgE response, and then, on subsequent exposures, a clinical response to the same or similar protein. How harmless food protein becomes recognized by the mucosal immune system as an allergen remains an open question and more data are needed to explain how regulatory mechanisms of the mucosal immune system fail and result in allergic sensitization to dietary antigens. Some biochemical characteristics associated with food allergens, such as the presence of multiple, linear IgE-binding epitopes and the resistance of the protein to digestion and processing, seem to predominate among food allergens. Digestion susceptibility of food allergens that sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract and stability to food processing conditions are inherently related to protein structural features. Thereby, physiological changes in the digestion process, pathological conditions affecting digestion, as well as procedures and food processing conditions that affect protein structure may all have a profound effect on the sensitizing potential and allergenicity of food proteins. In addition, signals coming from the diet and micro biome can modulate regulatory mechanisms of the mucosal immune system and influence mucosal immunity and intestinal barrier function. The detection of allergenic ingredients in food products has received increased attention from the food industry and legislative and regulatory agencies over recent years. This has resulted in the improvement of applied safety measures that provide protection for food-allergic consumers and development of sensitive and highly specific analytical methods of food allergens detection. Food allergy is an important and common health issue and therefore there is a need to characterize the sensitizing potential of newly introduced proteins in genetically engineered foods. A combination of __in vitro__ and __in silico__ methods provide information that contributes to safety assessment. Suitable __in vivo__ models may provide a more holistic assessment of allergenic potential of novel food proteins. A Food Allergen Has The Ability To First Elicit An Ige Response, And Then, On Subsequent Exposures, A Clinical Response To The Same Or Similar Protein. How Harmless Food Protein Becomes Recognized By The Mucosal Immune System As An Allergen Remains An Open Question And More Data Are Needed To Explain How Regulatory Mechanisms Of The Mucosal Immune System Fail And Result In Allergic Sensitization To Dietary Antigens. Some Biochemical Characteristics Associated With Food Allergens, Such As The Presence Of Multiple, Linear Ige-binding Epitopes And The Resistance Of The Protein To Digestion And Processing, Seem To Predominate Among Food Allergens. Digestion Susceptibility Of Food Allergens That Sensitize Via The Gastrointestinal Tract And Stability To Food Processing Conditions Are Inherently Related To Protein Structural Features.^ Thereby, Physiological Changes In The Digestion Process, Pathological Conditions Affecting Digestion, As Well As Procedures And Food Processing Conditions That Affect Protein Structure May All Have A Profound Effect On The Sensitizing Potential And Allergenicity Of Food Proteins. In Addition, Signals Coming From The Diet And Microbiome Can Modulate Regulatory Mechanisms Of The Mucosal Immune System And Influence Mucosal Immunity And Intestinal Barrier Function. The Detection Of Allergenic Ingredients In Food Products Has Received Increased Attention From The Food Industry And Legislative And Regulatory Agencies Over Recent Years. This Has Resulted In The Improvement Of Applied Safety Measures That Provide Protection For Food-allergic Consumers And Development Of Sensitive And Highly Specific Analytical Methods Of Food Allergens Detection.^ Food Allergy Is An Important And Common Health Issue, And Therefore There Is A Need To Characterize The Sensitizing Potential Of Newly Introduced Proteins In Genetically Engineered Foods. A Combination Of In Vitro And In Silico Methods Provide Information That Contributes To Safety Assessment. Suitable In Vivo Models May Provide A More Holistic Assessment Of Allergenic Potential Of Novel Food Proteins. The Food Microbiology And Food Safety Series Is Published In Conjunction With The International Association For Food Protection, A Non-profit Association For Food Safety Professionals. Dedicated To The Life-long Educational Needs Of Its Members, Iafp Provides An Information Network Through Its Two Scientific Journals (food Protection Trends And Journal Of Food Protection), Its Educational Annual Meeting, International Meetings And Symposia, And Interaction Between Food Safety Professionals. Food Allergy And Gastrointestinal Tract -- Intestinal Permeability And Transport Of Food Antigens -- Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Of Food Allergens -- Methods For Allergen Identification And Quantification In Food Matrices -- Food Allergens Digestibility -- Micro Biota And Allergic Disease -- Phytochemicals And Hypersensitivity Disorders -- Predicting Potential Allergenicity Of New Proteins Introduced By Biotechnology. By Tanja Ćirković Veličković, Marija Gavrović-jankulović. A food allergen has the ability to first elicit an IgE response, and then, on subsequent exposures, a clinical response to the same or similar protein. How harmless food protein becomes recognized by the mucosal immune system as an allergen remains an open question and more data are needed to explain how regulatory mechanisms of the mucosal immune system fail and result in allergic sensitization to dietary antigens. Some biochemical characteristics associated with food allergens, such as the presence of multiple, linear IgE-binding epitopes and the resistance of the protein to digestion and processing, seem to predominate among food allergens. Digestion susceptibility of food allergens that sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract and stability to food processing conditions are inherently related to protein structural features. Thereby, physiological changes in the digestion process, pathological conditions affecting digestion, as well as procedures and food processing conditions that affect protein structure may all have a profound effect on the sensitizing potential and allergenicity of food proteins. In addition, signals coming from the diet and microbiome can modulate regulatory mechanisms of the mucosal immune system and influence mucosal immunity and intestinal barrier function. The detection of allergenic ingredients in food products has received increased attention from the food industry and legislative and regulatory agencies over recent years. This has resulted in the improvement of applied safety measures that provide protection for food-allergic consumers and development of sensitive and highly specific analytical methods of food allergens detection. Food allergy is an important and common health issue, and therefore there is a need to characterize the sensitizing potential of newly introduced proteins in genetically engineered foods. A combination of in vitro and in silico methods provide information that contributes to safety assessment. Suitable in vi vo models may provide a more holistic assessment of allergenic potential of novel food proteins. The Food Microbiology and Food Safety series is published in conjunction with the International Association for Food Protection, a non-profit association for food safety professionals. Dedicated to the life-long educational needs of its Members, IAFP provides an information network through its two scientific journals (Food Protection Trends and Journal of Food Protection), its educational Annual Meeting, international meetings and symposia, and interaction between food safety professionals Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Food Allergy and Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 1-28 Intestinal Permeability and Transport of Food Antigens....Pages 29-56 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Food Allergens....Pages 57-76 Methods for Allergen Identification and Quantification in Food Matrices....Pages 77-93 Food Allergens Digestibility....Pages 95-140 Microbiota and Allergic Disease....Pages 141-153 Phytochemicals and Hypersensitivity Disorders....Pages 155-173 Predicting Potential Allergenicity of New proteins Introduced by Biotechnology....Pages 175-192 Back Matter....Pages 193-208