Fluid Movements ― Element Transport and the Composition of the Deep Crust (Nato Science Series C:, 281)

Many geologists have an equivocal attitude to fluid movements within the crust and the associated changes in the chemical and physical properties of crustal rocks. The controversies earlier this centuary between the "soaks" and the "pontiffs" memorably summarised by H. H. Read (1957) in The Granite Controversy have largely been resolved. Few would now advocate the formation of large granitic bodies by in situ transformation of pre-existing crust as the result of the passage of ichors without the formation of a granitic melt. To many geochemists fluid transport and metasomatism have become slightly suspect processes which at the most locally disturb the primary geochemical and isotopic signatures. While there is common agreement that there are marked differences in the composition of the lower and upper crust, the role of fluid movement as one of the controls of this differentiation is often neglected in favour of suggested primary differences in the composition of igneous rocks emplaced at different depths. Selective fluid transport however provides many geologists with their livelyhood. Without the secondary concentration of commercially important elements by fluids within the crust the mining industry, geological science and human activities based on their products would be very different. Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Magmas as a Source of Heat and Fluids in Granulite Metamorphism....Pages 1-18 Morphology of Granulite - Amphibolite Facies Transitions: The Importance of Fluid Movements....Pages 19-28 Contrasting Mechanisms of Charnockite Formation in the Amphibolite to Granulite Grade Transition Zones of Southern India....Pages 29-38 Chemical Changes Associated with Formation of Granulite and Migration of Complex C-O-H-S Fluids, Sri Lanka....Pages 39-49 Metamorphism and Melting at an Exposed Example of the Conrad Discontinuity, Kapuskasing Uplift, Canada....Pages 51-60 Melt-Induced Fluid Pumping and the Source of CO 2 in Granulites....Pages 61-69 P-T and Fluid Evolution of the Angmagssalik “Charnockite” Complex, SE Greenland....Pages 71-94 Processes of Formation and Retrogression of Scourian Granulites....Pages 95-110 Proterozoic Metasediments from the Deep Crust of Rogaland, SW Norway: Chemistry of metabasites and granofelses....Pages 111-113 Limited Fluid Transport from the Gneiss Core Toward the Schist Envelope of the Dome de L’agout, France....Pages 115-116 Hydrothermal Graphite Veins and Acadian Granulite Facies Metamorphism, New Hampshire, USA....Pages 117-119 The Crustal Origin of Eclogite - Static or Dynamic....Pages 121-123 Retrogression and Fluid Movement Across a Granulite-Amphibolite Facies Boundary in Middle Archaean Nuk Gneisses, Fiskefjord, Southern West Greenland....Pages 125-137 Mineral Changes, Element Mobility, and Fluids Associated with Deep Shearing in the Mount Helen Structural Belt, Wyoming, USA....Pages 139-150 The Ataneq Fault and Mid-Proterozoic Retrograde Metamorphism of Early Archaean Tonalites of the Isukasia Area, Southern West Greenland: Reactions, Fluid Compositions and Implications for Regional Studies....Pages 151-170 Deformation and Mass Transport in the Nordre Strømfjord Shear Zone, Central West Greenland....Pages 171-185 Metasomatic Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks....Pages 187-202 Mass Balance of a Gabbroic Rock-Amphibolite Transition....Pages 203-212 Mass Transfer Related to Ductile Shear Zone Development in a Metagabbro....Pages 213-230 Incorporation of Rb in Muscovite During Progressive Medium Grade Metamorphism an Interpretation of Experimental Results....Pages 231-233 Fluid Control on Emplacement of Sialic Magmas During Archaean Crustal Accretion....Pages 235-243 The Isotopic Characterization of Aqueous and Leucogranitic Crustal Fluids....Pages 245-263 Stable Isotope Fronts and Crustal Buffering - 1-Dimensional Mass Balance and Kinetics....Pages 265-275 The Effect of Fluid-Controlled Element Mobility During Metamorphism on Whole Rock Isotope Systems, Some Theoretical Aspects and Possible Examples....Pages 277-298 On the Possible Role of Fluid Transport in the Distribution of U and Pb in an Archaean Gneiss Complex....Pages 299-317 Reappraisal of Crustal Evolution at Kangimut Sammisoq, Ameralik Fjord, Southern West Greenland: Fluid Movement and Interpretation of Pb/Pb Isotopic Data....Pages 319-329 Changes in the Isotopic Composition of Whole-Rock Pb During Different Stages of Retrogression of Late Archaean Granulite Facies Gneisses from Kangimut Sammisoq, Southern West Greenland....Pages 331-344 Diffusion and/or Plastic Deformation around Fluid Inclusions in Synthetic Quartz: New Investigations....Pages 345-360 Permeability, bulk modulus and complex resistivity in crystalline rocks....Pages 361-375 Rock-fluid interaction: interpretation by zeta potential and complex resistivity measurements....Pages 377-393 Back Matter....Pages 395-416